Peacekeeping

The Psychodynamic Processes Related to the Involvement in Peacekeeping Missions: Experiences of Slovenian Police Officers

by Emanuel Banutai

Co-authored with Branko Lobnikar & Spela Vesel

Published in 'Varstvoslovje - Journal of Criminal Justice and Security', 2011, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 444-462.

The purpose of this paper is to review the decade of Slovenian police officer’s experiences with international... more The purpose of this paper is to review the decade of Slovenian police officer’s experiences with international peacekeeping operations. The main goal of police officers, involved in these missions, is to prevent conflicts between opposite sites, to implement basic agreements, protect humanitarian missions and reinforce policing operations in the conflict area. The purpose of the paper is to acknowledge the lessons learned while planning and implementing further cooperation of Slovenian police officers in peacekeeping (police) operations. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the consequences of deployment to peacekeeping missions for police officers as well as their family members (partners and children) by analyzing the psychodynamic processes related to the involvement in peacekeeping missions.

Peace Begins at Home by Gina Messina-Dysert

by Feminism and Religion

Originally published on the Feminism and Religion project

I began my career in the field of social services as a woman’s advocate for rape and domestic violence... more I began my career in the field of social services as a woman’s advocate for rape and domestic violence survivors.  The motto for an organization I was employed with early on was “peace begins at home,” a significant point that must be acknowledged. While much attention around women’s involvement in peacebuilding efforts have been focused at the macro level, there has been little consideration of women’s efforts towards peace at the micro level.  Certainly, women’s involvement in formal peacebuilding processes at the larger public level is crucial.  This being said, we must not undermine the leadership roles that women play in their homes, their families, and their religious and immediate communities, and how those roles can have an incredible impact on greater society.

I would like to start off by defining “peace.”  It is a word that we all use quite frequently and often with different meanings......  Some would claim that peace equates the cessation of conflict.

Have You Ever Been in Bosnia? British Military Travelers in the Balkans since 1992

by Catherine Baker

Journeys: the International Journal of Travel and Travel Writing 12:1 (2011): 63-92

Tens of thousands of British military personnel traveled in former Yugoslavia as peacekeepers between 1992 and 2007.... more Tens of thousands of British military personnel traveled in former Yugoslavia as peacekeepers between 1992 and 2007. The settlements where British forces established their military presence and supply chain were conceptually far from former Yugoslavia’s tourist sites, but military travelers made sense of them by drawing on the commonplaces of previous travel accounts and the lessons of pre-deployment training.

British military travelers constructed themselves as often frustrated helpers in Bosnia who struggled with political limitations on their activities but found satisfaction in improving socio-economic relations at the level of the immediate community. For troops, long otiose periods in a stabilizing and startlingly cheap country engendered a touristic sensibility. This paper draws on published memoirs and more than fifty new oral history interviews with British peacekeepers and their Bosnian employees to illustrate how British military travelers drew on, perpetuated and changed the patterns and representation of British travel to the Balkans.

Tesina 2012 - Abstract, summary, index of authorities

by Margherita Melillo

National and international criminal jurisdiction over United Nations peacekeeping personnel for gender-based crimes against women

by Melanie O'Brien

O'Brien, Melanie (2010) National and international criminal jurisdiction over United Nations peacekeeping personnel for gender-based crimes against women. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

This thesis seeks to determine the most effective jurisdiction for criminal accountability for UN peacekeeping... more This thesis seeks to determine the most effective jurisdiction for criminal accountability for UN peacekeeping personnel who engage in sexual exploitation and abuse of women, and other conduct amounting to violence against women. As criminalisation is sought as the appropriate method of prevention and punishment of such conduct, it is first examined why criminalisation is necessary. The impact of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) on women in the territories in which peace operations are located is detailed as harms in the form of violations of the rights of these women. Alternatives to criminal sanctions are then considered, in particular the actions of the UN towards prevention and prohibition of SEA. While such regulations are necessary, they are ultimately inadequate in preventing and punishing SEA. Included is an assessment of the Draft Convention on Criminal Accountability of UN Officials and Experts on Mission, the adoption of which would support criminalisation.

However, the UN itself is unable to exercise criminal jurisdiction, and thus it is essential to examine which jurisdictions would be most effective in undertaking criminal prosecution of peacekeeping personnel. The choice between national jurisdictions and international criminal justice is debated. Which jurisdiction offers a more effectual forum for ensuring accountability? What potential impediments exist and how can such hindrances can be overcome?

This thesis argues that gender-based crimes by UN peacekeepers should be criminalised, and that, while the International Criminal Court should not be discounted as a potential forum for prosecuting perpetrators, domestic prosecutions are far more likely and far more effective.

Protectors on trial? Prosecuting peacekeepers for war crimes and crimes against humanity in the International Criminal Court

by Melanie O'Brien

International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, Available online 21 April 2012, In Press, Corrected Proof

Allegations of criminal conduct have been made against UN peacekeeping personnel. While only a small number commit... more Allegations of criminal conduct have been made against UN peacekeeping personnel. While only a small number commit criminal offences, these personnel must be held accountable for their actions. Ensuring accountability is difficult due to jurisdictional issues, including in which jurisdiction (host state, sending state, or third state) to prosecute offenders. However, the possibility of the International Criminal Court exercising jurisdiction over peacekeeping personnel (civilian or military) has not really been considered. This article will examine the potential applicability of the substantive law of war crimes and crimes against humanity under the Rome Statute to crimes committed by peacekeeping personnel.

Keeping the Peace and National Unity. Canada’s National and International Identity Nexus

by Nik Hynek

co-authored with Robert Thomsen, published in "International Journal", Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 845-858. ISSN 0020-7020

Japan's Return to the Chequebook? From Military Peace Support to Human Security Appropriation

by Nik Hynek

published in "International Peacekeeping" Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 62-76. ISSN 1353-3312.

Mongolia's Peacekeeping Commitment. Training, Deployment, and Evolution of Field Information Capabilities

by Mendee Jargalsaikhan

Talking Groups Out of War: Aggregating and Disaggregating Strategies toward Secessionist Groups

by Michele Acuto

This essay sets up a comparison between two types of negotiating tactics: the first, aggregating strategies, aims at... more This essay sets up a comparison between two types of negotiating tactics: the first, aggregating strategies, aims at merging parties into the fewest number of sides to a conflict as possible, in order to diminish the number of war-related divisions, and the second, disaggregating strategies, rests on the idea that “cross-cutting cleavages” help moderate social conflict because they run against the construction of opposed identities. Much of the literature on intrastate conflict and rebellions supports the latter approach, but little comparative analysis on the social costs and benefits of the two types has, in reality, been carried out. By drawing lessons from the insurgencies in Aceh, Bougainville and, in part, the Solomon Islands, the article takes up an opportunity-based spoilers’ framework to analyze the strategies. It concludes that neither of the two can be identified as a “best method” if measured against sustainability and social impact, nor does one of them have a stronger effect on spoilers. In either case, the study underlines, there is an intrinsic value in long-term peace processes as constituted by repeated negotiations and continuing interaction; likewise, there are webbing effects of war on peacebuilding scenarios as a process of multiplication of social cleavages occurs after conflict.

Barış Gücü Operasyonlarında Türkiye-Hollanda Buluşması

by Uluslararası İlişkiler

Joseph SOETERS, Erhan TANERCAN, Kadir VAROĞLU ve Ünsal SIĞRI, "Barış Gücü Operasyonlarında Türkiye-Hollanda Buluşması", Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 3, Sayı 11 (Güz), 2006

Bu makale, Türk ve Hollanda Silahlı Kuvvetleri arasındaki işbirliğini -sırasıyla Kosova’da (KFOR, 1999-2000) ve... more Bu makale, Türk ve Hollanda Silahlı Kuvvetleri arasındaki işbirliğini -sırasıyla Kosova’da (KFOR, 1999-2000) ve Kabil’de (ISAF, 2002-2003) icra edilen iki “barışı koruma görevi” esnasında- incelemektedir. Makale hazırlanırken, literatür taramasına ilaveten her iki tarafın subay ve astsubaylarıyla yapılan mülakatlar temel alınmıştır. Makalede, her iki harekat bölgesindeki halkla askerler arasında yaşanan etkileşimin yanı sıra, iki ülkenin Silahlı Kuvvetleri personeli arasındaki işbirliği de incelenmektedir. İş yapma tarz ve yöntemleri arasındaki farklılıklar analiz edildiğinde, “Kültürler Arası Askeri İşbirliği” ve “Müslüman Ülkelerdeki Barışı Koruma Faaliyetleri” açısından bazı önemli sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Her ülkenin askeri birlikleri, özellikle kendi ülkelerinden kültürel olarak farklı yerlerde konuşlanmaları durumunda, diğer ülkelerin askerleri ile birlikte çalışmanın kültürler arası boyutuna hazırlıklı olmalıdırlar. Buna ilaveten, yerel halkın gönlünü kazanmak için Sivil-Asker İşbirliği (SAİB) [Civil and Military Cooperation (CIMIC)] faaliyet alanının genişletilmesi gerekmektedir.

Third-Party Intervention in International Conflicts: Peacekeeping and Peacemaking in the Post-Cold War Era

by Uluslararası İlişkiler

Muzaffer Ercan Yılmaz, "Third-Party Intervention in International Conflicts: Peacekeeping and Peacemaking in the Post-Cold War Era ( Uluslararası Çatışmalarda Üçüncü Tarafın Müdahalesi: Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde Barışı Koruma ve Oluşturma)", Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 3, Sayı 11 (Güz), 2006

This article evaluates peacekeeping and peacemaking as two major third-party intervention strategies in international... more This article evaluates peacekeeping and peacemaking as two major third-party intervention strategies in international conflicts in the post Cold-War era. Peacekeeping is regarded as a needed strategy in situations of violent conflict, but its extensive use is criticized. The study suggests that peacekeeping should be complemented by peacemaking for effective international conflict resolution. By explaining the general characteristics of the two and the complementary relationship between them, a “contingency approach” is reached, stressing that in determining appropriate third-party intervention, different stages of an international conflict should be considered.

Peace Operations Partnerships: Assessing Cooperation Mechanisms between Secretariats

by Joachim Koops

Published as ZIF Briefing Paper, March 2012, Centre for Peace Operations.

During the last decade, peace operation partnerships between the United Nations (UN) and regional organizations have... more During the last decade, peace operation partnerships between the United Nations (UN) and regional organizations have advanced considerably both in operational and institutional terms. With the growing involvement of regional organizations in the area of peacekeeping, coordination between the UN and its potential partners is important in order to avoid duplication or outright inter-organizational rivalry. Recognizing that institutionalised relations between the UN and emerging peacekeeping actors such as the European Union (EU), African Union (AU) and even NATO can lead to beneficial burden- sharing and mutual reinforcement, organizations have made conscious efforts to move from ad-hoc cooperation to more permanent and predictable mechanisms. Effective peace operations partnerships depend on coherent and strategically structured relations at the inter-secretariat level: different organizational cultures, agendas and approaches need to be systematically integrated. Despite some progress in UN-EU, UN-AU and UN-NATO relations, significant challenges persist in designing, maintaining and improving inter- organizational schemes for peace operations.

Si domus in pace sunt. Zur Bedeutung des Hauses in Luthers Vorstellungen vom weltlichen Frieden, in: Lutherjahrbuch 78 (2011), S. 153-186

by Inken Schmidt-Voges

Conflict Society: Understanding the Role of Civil Society In Conflict

by Raffaele Marchetti

2009. Global Change, Peace and Security, 21, 2: 201-17 (with N.Tocci)

Peace and war as social representations: a structural exploration with Italian adolescents

by João Wachelke

Sarrica, M. & Wachelke, J. (2010). Peace and war as social representations: a structural exploration with Italian adolescents. Universitas Psychologica, 9(2), 315-330.

The present paper illustrates the potentialities offered by the Social Representations approach to the exploration of... more The present paper illustrates the potentialities offered by the Social Representations approach to the exploration of peace and war concepts. Free associations tasks to the stimuli War and Peace were given to 112 students in order to assess contents and structures. Differences related to gender, age and school grade were investigated. Attention was devoted to the role of peace education activities. Results indicate a dramatic representation of war, based on death and destruction. The representation of peace is based on intimate and positive emotional experiences. It appears weaker and polyphasic, with cues of change. Respondents involved in peace education show greater complexity of contents and more features related to positive approaches to peace, thus underlining the relevance of these activities.

« Peace commissioners at the beginning of the Wars of Religion. Toward an interactionist interpretation of the pacification process », Thomas Max Safley (dir.), Handbook : Multiconfessionalism in the Early Modern World, Leiden, Brill Publishers, 2011, p. 239-264.

by Jérémie Foa

Making Peace: The Commissions for Enforcing the Pacification Edicts in the Reign of Charles IX (1560–1574)

by Jérémie Foa

An Unequal Apportionment: The Conflict over Space Between Protestants and Catholics at the Beginning of the Wars of Religion

by Jérémie Foa

Перспективи розширення миротворчої діяльності України на Близькому Сході та в Африці

by Hanna Shelest

Published at: Трибуна, №5/6, 2010, рр.26-28

Perspectives for the Peace Activity of Ukraine in the Middle East and Africa Perspectives for the Peace Activity of Ukraine in the Middle East and Africa