La compétence, ses définitions, ses enjeux
Article published in Revue Gestion 2000, n°2, mars-avril 2000, p.31-47
The notion of competence has drawn much attention from many contributors, many of whom call for a rigorous definition... more The notion of competence has drawn much attention from many contributors, many of whom call for a rigorous definition of that concept for fear it becomes meaningless. Indeed, the term of competence seems to have a wide variety of uses. Since the early 1990’s, some of these authors try to make sense of that diversity through an attempt to synthesize a variety of definitions, in order to provide a rigorous, unified, conceptual framework. On the contrary, our point of view consists in putting forward the irreducible differences between many of these definitions, while replacing these differences in their contexts, as we hypothesize the latter account for the former. Definitions and their stakes in such scientific disciplines as linguistics, ergonomy, psychology, and management, will be presented, as well as their implications for firms.
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Download (.pdf) Sunuş: Gerçek Olağanüstü Hal: Çalışırken Ölüyoruz, Yaralanıyoruz, Hasta Oluyoruz!
by Asli Odman
This is the review and presentation of the turkish translation of the book "Travailer peux nuir gravement a votre santé" by Annie Thébaud-Mony, published in 2007 by La Decouverte, and in 2012 by Ayrıntı Yayınevi.
Tuzla’yı, Davutpaşa’yı, Karadon faciasını, saatli bomba asbestin etkilerini anlamak için kılavuz bir kitap. Usta... more Tuzla’yı, Davutpaşa’yı, Karadon faciasını, saatli bomba asbestin etkilerini anlamak için kılavuz bir kitap. Usta sosyolog Thébaud-Mony hepimizin bir politika olarak uygulanan güvencesizleştirme ile nasıl sağlık ve canımızı kaybettiğimizi, Fransa, İtalya, Hindistan, Brezilya, Güney Afrika, Kanada’dan somut örneklerle anlatıyor. Sırf iş güvenliği uzmanları için değil, güvenceli güvencesiz, evde, işyerinde, kadın, erkek, Türkiyeli, göçmen çalışma hayatının içindeki herkes için bir ‘YANGIN ALARMI’ veriyor bu kitap.
Re-defining ‘Me’: Exploring career transition and the experience of loss in the context of redundancy for professional opera choristers
by Paul Flowers
Jane Oakland, Raymond A. MacDonald and
Paul Flowers
This paper presents an in-depth, qualitative investigation into the impact of job loss for seven opera choristers. The... more
This paper presents an in-depth, qualitative investigation into the impact of job loss for seven opera choristers. The paper focuses on their perception of this loss and how this perception influences the experience of career transition and subsequent redefinition of the self. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is used to highlight the individual nature of dealing with loss and transition. Discussion centres on three themes which best capture the psychological process involved in the renegotiation of self for
the participants. Analysis shows that a key issue in adapting to career transition is re-defining what it means to be a singer without the validation of full-time employment. The Organismic Valuing Theory of growth after adversity (Joseph & Linley, 2005) is used as a framework within which to discuss individual
fluctuations between searching to develop new areas of the self and restoring the established self. The study concludes that singers are unique in the employment market because of their relationship to their embodied voice. For the seven participants, the experience of career disruption is determined by their
ability to re-evaluate the role of singing as a primary agent of self-formation.
Predictors of self-reported burnout in nurses: work-related vs. individual factors in the European longitudinal Nurses' Early Exit-Study (NEXT). Comparing national differences and multivariate models.
Hardt J, Galatsch M, Schmidt SG, Müller BH. Predictors of self-reported burnout in nurses: work-related vs. individual factors in the European longitudinal Nurses' Early Exit-Study (NEXT). Comparing national differences and multivariate models. Mainz//2011. 56. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (gmds), 6. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie (DGEpi). Mainz, 26.-29.09.2011. Düsseldorf: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House; 2011. Doc11gmds268 (11gmds268). DOI: 10.3205/11gmds268, URN: urn:nbn:de:0183-11gmds2681
Background: The demographic changes in Europe cause an increasing need of qualified nursing staff. Therefore, it is... more
Background: The demographic changes in Europe cause an increasing need of qualified nursing staff. Therefore, it is important to develop concepts for maintaining a high work ability and motivation of the nursing workforce based on risk factor models. Previous results from the NEXT study have indicated that the individual risk of burnout is an important prognostic factor of the intention to leave nursing [1], [2]. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the associations of sociodemographic, individual and work-related factors with burnout measures one year later among nurses in Europe using questionnaire data of a longitudinal study.
Method: Longitudinal data of 8877 qualified nurses and nursing aids in Germany (n=1639), Finland (n=2335), Italy (n=2314), the Netherlands (n=952), Poland (n=1223) and Slovakia (n=414) from the NEXT study were available for analyses [3]. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic and institutional factors, nine work-related factors as well as individual factors (overcommitment [4], positive and negative affectivity [5]) that may be associated with burnout. The subjective extent of burnout symptoms was assessed with the scale "personal burnout" (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory [6], [7] at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Uni- and multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to analyze four models of factor groups with increasing model complexity in comparison of the 6 countries.
Results: Differences in the reported extent of individual and work-related indicators and differences between the prediction models of the six countries were remarkable. Mean levels of burnout measures were lowest in Dutch nurses who also reported better social support, and lower levels of work-family conflict, individual overcommitment and negative affectivity. A model optimizing strategy (stepwise method) with four consecutive linear regression models was applied. Sociodemographic and institutional factors had no effects (R²corr:.004-.051). Individual factors showed substantial effects for five of the six countries (∆R²corr:.115-.251;MD=.172); in contrast to work-related factors (∆R²corr:-.008-.029;MD=.034). When the models were adjusted for burnout level in the first year, model-fit indices again slightly increased (∆R²corr:.075-.202;MD=.180). Models were best predictive for the German and least predictive for the Polish sample.
Discussion: Our results show individual factors to be important predictors for burnout scores of nurses one year later. These findings were supported by the literature of burnout research [8], [9], [10], [11]. However, problems of type III error also need to be considered [cf. [12], [13], [14], [15]. Further analyses should be extended to model specific interaction effects of individual and work-related factors. Such models will provide further evidence for predictor models as well as preventional and interventional concepts.
References
1. Hasselhorn HM, Tackenberg P, Müller BH. Intent to leave nursing in the European nursing profession. In: Hasselhorn HM, Tackenberg P, Müller BH, eds. Working conditions and intent to leave the profession among nursing staff in Europe. Stockholm: National Institute for Working Life and authors; 2003. p. 115-24.
2. Estryn-Behar M, Van der Heijden BI, Oginska H, et al. The impact of social work environment, teamwork characteristics, burnout, and personal factors upon intent to leave among European nurses. Med Care. 2007;45(10):939-50.
3. Hasselhorn HM, Müller BH, Tackenberg P, Kümmerling A, NEXT-Study-Group. NEXT Scientific Report. Wuppertal, Germany: 2005.
4. Siegrist J, Starke D, Chandola T, Godin I, Marmot M, Niedhammer I, et al. The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Soc Sci Med. 2004;58(8):1483-99.
5. Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;54(6):1063-70.
6. Kristensen TS, Borritz M, Villadsen E, Christensen KB. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress. 2005;19(3):192-207.
7. Borritz M, Kristensen T. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: Normative data from a presentative Danish population on Personal Burnout and Results from the PUMA Study on Personal Burnout, Work Burnout, and Client Burnout. Copenhagen: National Institute of Occupational Health; 2001.
8. Halbesleben JRB, Buckley MR. Burnout in organizational life. Journal of Management. 2004;30(6):859-79.
9. Jansen PGM, Kerkstra A, bu-Saad HH, Van Der Zee J. The effects of job characteristics and individual characteristics on job satisfaction and burnout in community nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 1996;33(4):407-21.
10. Burisch M. A longitudinal study of burnout: The relative importance of dispositions and experiences. Work & Stress. 2002;16(1):1-17.
11. Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB, Sixma HJ, Bosveld W, van Dierendonck D. Patient demands, lack of reciprocity, and burnout: A five-year longitudinal study among general practitioners. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2000;21(4):425.
12. Kimball AW. Errors of the Third Kind in Statistical Consulting. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1957;52(278):133-42.
13
Lu TH. International comparisons: they do help and are essential for avoiding type III error. Injury Prevention. 2001;7(4):270-1.
14.
Schwartz S, Carpenter KM. The right answer for the wrong question: consequences of type III error for public health research. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(8):1175-80.
15.
Rose G. Sick Individuals and Sick Populations. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1985;14(1):32-8.
Psychometrische Validierung von Fragebögen für epidemiologische Studien: Psychometrische Prüfung der COPSOQ-Skalen in der lidA-Kohortenstudie. Ergebnisse des Pretests zum Befragungsinstrument (CAPI). (Willner M, Iskenius M, Hardt J
Willner M, Iskenius M, Hardt J. Psychometrische Validierung von Fragebögen für epidemiologische Studien: Psychometrische Prüfung der COPSOQ-Skalen in der lidA-Kohortenstudie. Ergebnisse des Pretests zum Befragungsinstrument (CAPI). Mainz//2011. 56. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (gmds), 6. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie (DGEpi). Mainz, 26.-29.09.2011. Düsseldorf: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House; 2011. Doc11gmds127 (11gmds127)
DOI: 10.3205/11gmds127, URN: urn:nbn:de:0183-11gmds1276.
Einleitung: Die lidA-Kohortenstudie untersucht die Einflüsse arbeitsbezogener (vor allem psychosozialer... more
Einleitung: Die lidA-Kohortenstudie untersucht die Einflüsse arbeitsbezogener (vor allem psychosozialer Arbeitsfaktoren), personenbezogener sowie sozialer Faktoren auf die Gesundheit älterer Erwerbstätiger sowie weitere Outcomes. In einem sequentiellen Kohortendesign werden 6.600 Erwerbstätige zweier Geburtsjahrgänge (1959, 1965) mit einem Computer-assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) befragt [1]. Das Befragungsinstrument umfasst vorwiegend Skalen und Items etablierter Instrumente, die jeweils originär als Fragebogen entwickelt wurden. In einer Feasibility-Studie wurde 2010 ein Pretest des CAPI-Instruments durchgeführt und mithilfe psychometrischer Analysen wurde geprüft, ob die testtheoretischen Gütekriterien [2], [3], [4] der Skalen bei Verwendung im CAPI mit den Werten der Fragebogenversionen vergleichbar sind und im Rahmen einer epidemiologischen Studie eingesetzt werden können. Die Ergebnisse der psychometrischen Analysen werden hier für 6 Skalen des COPSOQ-Fragebogens [5], [6] dargestellt.
Methoden: Der Pretest des CAPI-Instruments wurde an einer Stichprobe von 200 Personen durchgeführt. Das umfangreiche Befragungsinstrument umfasst u.a. 6 Skalen des COPSOQ, der die individuelle Bewertung von Arbeitsbedingungen (z.B. quantitative Arbeitsanforderungen, soziale Unterstützung, Führungsqualität) mit validierten Skalen basierend auf likertskalierten Items erfragt. Für die Items der COPSOQ-Skalen wurden deskriptive Statistiken, Schwierigkeitsindizes, Trennschärfekoeffizienten und interne Konsistenzen (Cronbach's alpha) berechnet sowie Verteilungsannahmen geprüft. Zur Analyse der Konstruktvalidität wurde die Dimensionalität der Skalen geprüft. Nach Interkorrelationsanalysen der Skalen wurden die Item-Werte z-transformiert und mit einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse (Varimax-Rotation) die Faktorenstruktur der verwendeten COPSOQ-Skalen geprüft.
Ergebnisse: Es zeigten sich Decken- und Bodeneffekte für Items in drei der sechs Skalen (soziale Unterstützung, Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, Einfluss bei der Arbeit). Die Werte aller Items der 6 Skalen waren nicht normalverteilt, Schiefe (Median = -0.14; Range: -1.45 – 1.03) und Kurtosis (Median = -0.62; Range: -1.39 – 1.64) variierten stark. Die Schwierigkeitsindizes für die 6 Skalen variierten von 25-77, die Trennschärfekoeffizienten von 0.57-0.86 (alle signifikant) und Cronbach's alpha von 0.63-0.88. In der Hauptkomponentenanalyse bestätigte sich die angenommene 6-Faktoren-Lösung mit den höchsten Faktorladungen der Items auf dem jeweiligen Skalenfaktor (MW = .760, Range: .518-.864).
Diskussion: Die psychometrische Qualität der COPSOQ-Skalen im CAPI wurde insgesamt als gut bewertet. Die bekannten Decken- und Bodeneffekt bestätigten sich. Schwierigkeitsindizes und Trennschärfekoeffizienten zeigten akzeptable Werte und die faktorielle Struktur konnte bestätigt werden. Die COPSOQ-Skalen scheinen damit für die Verwendung im CAPI ausreichend validiert und werden in der deutschen Version [6] vergleichbar mit Referenzpopulationen eingesetzt.
Gliederung
Literatur
1. du Prel JB, Hardt J, Rauch A, Rose U, Schröder H, Steinwede J, Swart E, Trappmann M, Müller BH, Hasselhorn HM, Peter R, the lidA Study Group. A prospective longitudinal investigation of work-related health determinants of an aging workforce in Germany – the lidA Study. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. 2010;1(3 Suppl):281.
2. Lienert G, Raatz U. Testaufbau und Testanalyse. Weinheim: Beltz Psychologie Verl.-Union; 1998.
3. Bühner M. Einführung in die Test- und Fragebogenkonstruktion. 3rd ed. München, Boston: Pearson Studium; 2010
4. Streiner D, Norman GR. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.
5.
Pejtersen JH, Kristensen TS, Borg V, Björner JB. The second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Scand J Public Health. 2010;38(3 Suppl):8-24.
6.
Methoden zur Erfassung psychischer Belastungen – Erprobung eines Messinstrumentes (COPSOQ). Schriftenreihe der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), Fb 1058. Berlin: BAuA; 2005.
Designing for interaction in research environments: A case study
by Thom Baguley
Lansdale, M., Parkin, J. K., Austin, S. & Baguley, T. (2011). Designing for interaction in research environments: A case study. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 31, 407-420.
Graduate researchers are an essential part of higher education (HE) in terms of its contribution to knowledge and the... more Graduate researchers are an essential part of higher education (HE) in terms of its contribution to knowledge and the wider economy, but how the work environment influences behaviour and productivity in this work domain is poorly understood. Nevertheless, building programmes continue with a detectable trend towards more open office designs. Beyond issues of cost-efficiency, this reflects a popular belief in the significance of face-to-face interaction to research productivity. Using a combination of subjective and quantitative methods, this case study investigates the validity of this claim and how a redesigned environment impacts upon work practices and collaboration within a community of researchers. Although the new environment was judged favourably by occupants and managers, analysis suggests a less positive behavioural response. Contrary to expectation, we conclude that providing open plan environments is not sufficient to produce more collaborative practices in HE. We argue that this would require changes in the organisational structure, the reward structure for individual and team-driven tasks, and the firm policing of the management of change.
Methodological aspects of the lidA cohort study
Hardt J, Iskenius M, du Prel JB, Rose U, Peter R, and the lidA Study Group. Methodological aspects of the lidA cohort study. Gesundheitswesen 2010; 72, 681. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266756
A prospective longitudinal investigation of work-related health determinants of an aging workforce in Germany - the lidA Study
du Prel JB, Hardt J, Rauch A, Rose U, Schröder H, Steinwede J, Swart E, Trappmann M, Müller BH, Hasselhorn HM, Peter R, and the lidA Study Group. A prospective longitudinal investigation of work-related health determinants of an aging workforce in Germany - the lidA Study. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (LLCS), 2010;1(3): 281 (Suppl.).
Work-related factors and individual predictors of self-reported burnout among nurses in Europe - results from the longitudinal Nurses’ Early Exit-Study (NEXT)
Galatsch M, Hardt J, Schmidt SG, Nienhaus A, Müller BH, Hasselhorn HM. Work-related factors and individual predictors of self-reported burnout among nurses in Europe - results from the longitudinal Nurses’ Early Exit-Study (NEXT). Conference Paper. 4th International Scientific Conference on Nursing and Health Care Research. Proceedings of Lectures with Peer Review. ISBN 978-961-92918-5-6.Jesenice College of Nursing, Lubljana (Slovenia), 2011. p. 106-117.
Self-efficacy, job satisfaction, motivation and commitment: exploring the relationships between indicators of teachers’ professional identity
Co-authored with: M. Helms-Lorenz, D. Beijaard, J. Buitink & W.H.A. Hofman
Published in: European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2012, 27:1, 115-132.
This study investigates how relevant indicators of teachers’ sense of their professional identity (job satisfaction,... more
This study investigates how relevant indicators of teachers’ sense of their professional identity (job satisfaction, occupational commitment, self-efficacy and change in level of motivation) are related. A model is proposed, tested with structural equation modeling (SEM) and refined using data from 1,214 Dutch teachers working in secondary education. Classroom self-efficacy and relationship satisfaction play a key influencing role in the relationships between the indicators. Using multiple-group SEM, the parameters of the overall model are similar for the novice, experienced and senior teachers in a constrained model. This aspect of similarity across experience groups is in line with findings of previous research on teachers’ professional identity. The present study contributes to the further development of a solid theory on teachers’ professional identity, which has been lacking.
Keywords: Professional identity. Teaching . Identification . Teaching experience
Sense of humor at work: Assessment and associations with work
by Sibe Doosje
Ph.D. thesis (2010)
Aim of the study was to connect humorous coping and occupational health. Humorous coping measurement was reviewed. A... more Aim of the study was to connect humorous coping and occupational health. Humorous coping measurement was reviewed. A new Questionnaire of Occupational Humorous Coping (QOHC) was developed and validated. The QOHC was tested in a health psychological model incorporating other occupational health related variables. Finally, burnout was related to humorous coping and humor styles. The QOHC scales had good validity and reliability. Humorous coping was slightly related to common cold incidence and also to burnout dimensions. Positive humor styles and humorous behaviors were negatively related to burnout dimensions.
Fuel of the Self-Starter: How Mood Relates to Proactive Goal Regulation
In press at the Journal of Applied Psychology. Co-authored with Uta Bindl (first author), Peter Totterdell and Sharon Parker
Profiling teachers' sense of professional identity
Co-authored with: M. Helms-Lorenz, D. Beijaard, J. Buitink & W.H.A. Hofman
Published in: Educational Studies, 37, 593-608.
This study shows that professional identity should not be viewed as a composed variable with a uniform structure.... more
This study shows that professional identity should not be viewed as a composed variable with a uniform structure. Based on the literature and previous research, we view teachers’ job satisfaction, self‐efficacy, occupational commitment and change in the level of motivation as indicators of teachers’ professional identity. Using two‐step cluster analysis, three distinct professional identity profiles have empirically been identified, based on data of 1214 teachers working in secondary education in the Netherlands. These profiles differed significantly regarding the indicators of teachers’ professional identity. Teachers belonging to the found profiles did not significantly differ in their amount of experience.
Keywords: Professional identity, Teaching, Identification, Teaching experience
The Social Structure of the Liquid Self: Lessons from Israeli Flight Attendants
by Gad Yair
Forthcoming in Sociology
This paper provides an empirical investigation of Israeli flight attendants in order to ch...This paper provides an... more This paper provides an empirical investigation of Israeli flight attendants in order to ch...This paper provides an empirical investigation of Israeli flight attendants in order to characterize the structural underpinnings of the liquid self, and their resultant phenomenological consequences on personal morality, conceptions of self and interpersonal relations. The study touched upon the motivations and behaviors of flight attendants, how they juggle family and personal commitments, and the internal persona they adopt vis-à-vis their own selves. By contextualizing their narratives through the structural elements of their jobs, the study exposes the attendants' ambivalent and incoherent lives and the complex ways in which they manage their social networks across place and time. While flight attendants evince chameleon-like selves and fluid morality in their interpersonal relations – taking advantage of their ability to stage different selves in different ports of life – they maintain their multiple selves in functioning ways
Role conflict coping strategies: An exploratory study
Master's Thesis
This study examined role conflict that employees encountered most frequently in the workplace and whether or not they... more This study examined role conflict that employees encountered most frequently in the workplace and whether or not they shared similar role conflict experiences with one another. Specifically, this study examined five distinct types of role conflict, the contributing circumstances and situations of those types of role conflict, and the strategies used to cope with a particular type of role conflict. Although previous research has addressed coping strategies for life stress in general and the antecedents and consequences of role conflict, this particular study offers a unique contribution in examining how employees cope with role conflict as one type of work-related stress. Results confirmed the multidimensional nature and frequent occurrence of role conflict experiences in the workplace. Work group context influences the types of coping strategies used by employees. Employees reported certain coping strategies as more or less effective for each particular type of role conflict.
Stephan, U. & Roesler, U. (2010). Comparison of entrepreneurs’ and employee’s health in a national representative sample. Journal of Occupational & Organisational Psychology, 83(3), 717-738.
by Ute Stephan
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpsoc/joop/2010/00000083/0000000
Prior research has found entrepreneurs to experience significantly higher job control and job demands compared with... more
Prior research has found entrepreneurs to experience significantly higher job control and job demands compared with employees. This suggests that entrepreneurs have so-called active jobs and thus may benefit from positive health consequences. Thev present research compared entrepreneurs’ health with employees’ health in a national representative sample with regard to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10) diagnoses of somatic diseases, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses of mental disorders, blood pressure, well-being (life-satisfaction) as well as behavioural health indicators (sick days, physician visits). Entrepreneurs showed significantly lower overall somatic and mental morbidity, lower blood pressure, lower prevalence rates of hypertension, and somatoform disorders, as well as higher well-being and more favourable behavioural health indicators. The results are discussed with regard to the
active job hypothesis and recommendations for future research are provided.
Harmony and Stress In Information Systems Development and Implementation: a Multilevel Theory and Some Empirical Work on the Crossroads of Work …
Verjans, S. (2003). Harmony and stress in information systems development and implementation: a multilevel theory and some empirical work on the crossroads of work psychology, organisational theory and information systems research. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Organization and Management - University of Southern Denmark.
Developing and implementing organisational information technology (IT) is not an easy task. Within industry, there is... more
Developing and implementing organisational information technology (IT) is not an easy task. Within industry, there is a growing awareness of and concern about the complexity of introducing new IT in organisations. Research shows that it is not so much technical issues that complicate matters, but rather organisational, social and psychological issues. Researchers in different fields of science have studied the problems and have suggested numerous methods and techniques for solving some of the problems. This dissertation wants to contribute to that discussion. The immediate cause of this research isBlueTech, a development project within the company Omicron in which I participated at the start of my PhD project.
BlueTech's goal was to develop IT applications for blue-collar workers in production industry. The aim of the
technology was to allow groups of workers to organise their own production, to support them in their production and to allow them to evaluate and adjust their own functioning. However, rather early on in the project, a number of psychological and organisational issues appeared, which made the original software designs practically unusable. Those issues suggested the following research question:
“When a new computer-based organisational information system is developed and implemented, what are the interactions between organisational characteristics, stakeholders’ psychological characteristics and information technology characteristics?”
Because the literature on management information systems did not provide a suitable answer, a new and integrated theoretical model is developed in this dissertation, based on theoretical and empirical contributions from the three research disciplines. The model is called CHARISM, which stands for “Cross- level HARmony, Integrity and Stress Model”. The method that was used in developing the theoretical model was a mixture of grounded-theory building and the deductive combination of ideas from the literature. The CHARISM model centres around the concepts of harmony, integrity and stress and has two levels-of- analysis, the individual and the organisational. The model starts from the assumption that individuals as well as organisations have certain needs and abilities, and that they function in a socio-economical environment that can supply those needs, but imposes certain demands in return. An important axiom in the theory poses that a state of relative harmony arises when an individual or an organisation can create a balance between his (its) needs and the environment's supplies on the one hand, and his (its) abilities and the environment's demands on the other. When no balance can be created or when an existing balance is disturbed, strain can arise, and that strain may – under certain conditions – turn into stress. The needs and abilities of an individual or an organisation together with his (its) perception of the environment's supplies and demands partly determine the subjective self-image of that individual or organisation. Based on needs and capacities, an individual or organisation develops his (its) own niche in the world, a relatively stable system consisting of socially acceptable situations, which are simplifications of the overwhelmingly complex environment. Every individual and organisation develops a number of such situations, which are characterised by certain routines and semi-automatic procedures that allow him (it) to function adequately. Those situations also entail a certain way of thinking, feeling and acting, and therefore act as a kind of mental filter in the perception of the environment. The niche that people and organisations live in supplies a stable system of presuppositions, meanings, norms, rules and goals, but also templates with social procedures and conventions. This structured whole of meanings and situations, this system, is called 'integrity of human functioning' or for short 'integrity' or also 'self-image'. According to the CHARISM model, this subjective integrity is related with a number of human psychosocial processes. A harmonious integrity is associated with job satisfaction, motivation, commitment and mental health, whereas a disturbed integrity is related with strain, stress and illness (mental and physical).
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Antecedents and consequences of retirement planning and decision-making
Gabriela Topa, Juan Antonio Moriano, Marco Depolo, Carlos-María Alcover and J. Francisco Morales Journal of Vocational Behavior Volume 75, Issue 1, August 2009, Pages 38-55
In this study, meta-analytic procedures were used to examine the relationships between retirement planning, retirement... more In this study, meta-analytic procedures were used to examine the relationships between retirement planning, retirement decision and their antecedent and consequences. Our review of the literature generated 341 independent samples obtained from 99 primary studies with 188,222 participants. A small effect size (ES) for antecedents of retirement planning (poor health, negative working conditions and positive attitudes toward retirement) was obtained (ranging from r = .05 to r = .19), whereas a medium ES was obtained for work involvement and job satisfaction (r = −.31 and r = −.34). Regarding retirement decision, lower effect sizes were obtained. Effect sizes for the relationships with consequences were medium for retirement planning and bridge employment (r = .28), for retirement decision-volunteer work (r = .26), and for retirement decision-retirement satisfaction (r = .26). Structural equation analysis using the pooled correlation matrix allowed us to test a more complex model. Potential moderator variables were examined, and it was found that they explained only a small percentage of variability of primary studies. Results are discussed, and theoretical and empirical implications are suggested.