Empresa, sociedade e comunicação: debates e tendências na transição pós-moderna
Tese de Doutorado apresentada na Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Univerdidade de São Paulo, em março de 2012.
Na medida em que o século XXI avança, a sociedade contemporânea passa por transformações socioculturais importantes... more Na medida em que o século XXI avança, a sociedade contemporânea passa por transformações socioculturais importantes que gradativamente a distanciam do contexto que caracterizou a modernidade-industrial. Entre outros desdobramentos da transição pós-moderna, a relação entre empresa, sociedade e comunicação se transforma. Uma das dimensões deste fenômeno é a emergência de um modelo específico de Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE), denominado neste trabalho de modelo dinâmico-interativo de RSE. Fundamentado em uma abordagem políticocontratual, prevê um processo permanente de negociação por meio do qual as responsabilidades mútuas entre empresa e sociedade se definem dinamicamente. Paralelamente, a disseminação das novas tecnologias da comunicação e das redes propicia a emergência de um sistema informal de controle sobre as corporações o qual opera na esfera pública mediática por meio da mobilização política da sociedade civil. A este sistema emergente denominamos de governança corporativa extrainstitucional. Frente a estes dois processos, a prática da comunicação empresarial encara desafios que sinalizam para os limites do seu paradigma de origem funcionalista. Por conta disso, advoga-se pela necessidade de adoção de um novo paradigma para a comunicação empresarial capaz de reconhecê-la não mais como instrumento de gestão, mas como um processo social de construção de sentidos. Para identificar se e como o contexto de transição sociocultural é interpretado pelo mercado e qual é o seu eventual impacto nas práticas de comunicação empresarial, foi realizada pesquisa de campo que coletou dados em onze entrevistas em profundidade com dirigentes de comunicação de grandes empresas em operação no Brasil. O objetivo foi sintetizar uma teoria fundamentada nos dados capaz de dialogar com as proposições conceituais acima descritas. As conclusões do trabalho buscam comparar as constatações empíricas e teóricas, refletindo sobre os desafios e contribuições da comunicação empresarial no novo contexto da relação empresa-sociedade.
Download (.pdf) Het Netwerk Imaginaire. Een analyse van de netwerkmaatschappij als metafoor van het moderne verlangen
BA eindscriptie Mediawetenschap (Nieuwe Media & Digitale Cultuur)
De opkomst en ontwikkeling van “nieuwe” technologie gaat altijd vergezeld met verhalen; er ontstaat een discours, een... more
De opkomst en ontwikkeling van “nieuwe” technologie gaat altijd vergezeld met verhalen; er ontstaat een discours, een praktijk van schrijven en spreken, van utopische en dystopische toekomstprojecties. Wat er gezegd, en dientengevolge niet gezegd wordt, en hoe we spreken, bepaalt ons beeld van de wereld . Om het “nieuwe” in te kaderen en te beschrijven vieren associaties en metaforen hoogtij. We proberen nieuwe technologieën in termen van het bekende te beschrijven omdat dit de enige manier is waarop we ze begrijpelijk kunnen maken. Metaforen bepalen zo, omdat deze beeldspraak berust op een vergelijking, de grenzen van hoe we over deze nieuwe technologieën nadenken. De ontwikkeling van de zogenaamde “nieuwe media” hebben er gaandeweg toe geleid dat veel filosofen, theoretici en wetenschappers de samenleving zijn gaan beschrijven en analyseren in termen en metaforen kenmerkend voor de nieuwe media. Een van de belangrijkste hedendaagse termen waarin gesproken wordt is het netwerk (o.a. Van Dijk 1999; Castells 2001; Castells 2010; Barney 2004). Het begrip netwerk wordt veelal gebruikt als een referent naar een fysiek net van verbindingen zoals een wegennet, die we technologische netwerken noemen, of een “onzichtbaar” net van relaties tussen personen, waarbij we spreken over sociale netwerken. Met de opkomst van de technologische netwerken van nieuwe media zoals mobiele telefonie en internet wordt steeds vaker beweerd dat technologische en sociale netwerken meer zijn gaan overlappen.
Ik zal de bewering proberen te staven dat de term “netwerk” een metafoor is; een idee met ideologische en utopische connotaties. Het idee van een netwerk is toepasbaar op allerhande fenomenen, zoals relaties tussen personen, de samenwerking van instituten, bedrijven en landen, communicatie in het algemeen, of de werking van het lichaam. De eenentwintigste eeuw lijkt gedomineerd te gaan worden door dit paradigma van het netwerk. Dit onderzoek zal zich daarom richten op hoe de metafoor van de netwerkmaatschappij gebruikt wordt voor analyse en beschrijving van de mens en de samenleving en wat vooral de technologisch imaginaire implicaties hiervan zijn.
Embeddedness through Networks-A Critical Appraisal of the Network Concept in the Oeuvre of Karl-Heinz Ladeur
German Law Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 483-499, April 2009
The concept of “network” has become the most central concept within the work of Karl‐Heinz Ladeur (KHL). It is an... more
The concept of “network” has become the most central concept within the work of Karl‐Heinz Ladeur (KHL). It is an omnibus concept which he uses to extrapolate insights at all levels: It is used to provide a general framework at the level of Gesellschaftstheorie (social theory) in the sense that it provides insights into the general structure of society and thereby into the context within which legal processes unfold. At the level of organizational theory it provides a basis for understanding the transformation of organizational structures as it unfolds through the breakdown of hierarchy and the boundaries between the private and the public, just as the network concept plays an important role in its attempt to formulate a legal theory which is adequate for a society which, according to KHL, has become postmodern.
This article seeks to critically examine the function and “added value” of KHL’s network concept in relation to the European integration and constitutionalization process. It is argued that the concept provides a very useful overall framework, but that its usefulness might be enhanced when combined with more concrete studies of the actual function of networks in the EU context, just as the network concept should be more directly combined with an attempt to develop a conceptual framework for the juridification of networks.
The new social movements in Spain: the Protests for the Right to Housing as an immediate predecessor of the 15M Movement
Tabled Paper. ECPR General Conference Reykjavik, 2011.
Activismo político en Red: del Movimiento por la Vivienda Digna al 15M
HARO BARBA, Carmen y SAMPEDRO, Víctor. 2011. Revista Teknokultura, Volumen 8, Número 2, Diciembre/2011
En los últimos tiempos, asistimos a la emergencia de un gran número de protestas sociales que parecieran estar... more
En los últimos tiempos, asistimos a la emergencia de un gran número de protestas sociales que parecieran estar alterando el mapa geopolítico, las estructuras de poder y de expresión de la opinión pública de un lado al otro del planeta. Estos movimientos, diferentes entre sí en origen, contexto político y social, desarrollo, objetivos, integrantes y resultados, guardan una similitud: se expresan con la toma del espacio público por parte de multitudes auto-convocadas y auto-organizadas, fundamentalmente a través de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación [TIC].
En este artículo estudiamos el Movimiento por una Vivienda Digna [MVD] y el movimiento 15M en España como casos paradigmáticos de las multitudes vigilantes que se han gestado, organizado y desarrollado desde una dimensión telemática. Enmarcamos teóricamente estos movimientos en las luchas sociales de la sociedad red y la movilización de multitudes, identificando unos rasgos que definen a los Nuevos Movimientos Sociales gestados al amparo de las TIC y que los diferencian de los NMS del posmodernismo industrial.
To be or not to be, the importance of Digital Identity in the networked society
Co-authored with Cristina Costa
The emergence of the web has had a deep impact at different levels of our society, changing the way people connect,... more
The emergence of the web has had a deep impact at different levels of our society, changing the way people connect, interact, share information, learn and work. In the current knowledge economy, participatory media seems to play an important part in everyday interactions. The term “digital identity” is becoming part of both our lexicon and our lives.
This paper explores some of the aspects regarding approaches and practices of educators, using web technologies to foster their digital identity within their networks and, at the same time, developing a social presence to complement their professional and academic profiles. In fact, we think it is imperative to discuss the relationship between our social presence and our professional life, as online the two are often intertwined.
We present the issues the web poses through dichotomies: open or closed, genuine or fake, single or multiple. We also comment on different approaches to these dichotomies through examples extracted from recent projects, drawing from user’s experiences in building their digital identities.
This paper looks at the importance of digital identity in the current networked society, by reviewing the contemporaneous scenario of the participatory web, raising a set of questions about the advantages and implication of consciously developing one’s digital identity, thus opening the discussion regarding openness, uniqueness and integrity in connection with one’s digital identity.
This paper is also a reflection of thinking and practice in progress, drawing from examples and real-life situations observed in a diversity of projects.
The issue could be reduced, perhaps, to whether one consciously becomes a part of the digital world or not, and how that participation is managed. It is up to us to manage it wisely, and guide knowledge workers in their journey to create theirs.
ICT and the Emerging'Fourth World': Where Does the Responsibility Lie?
Aitken, M. & Quiroz-Onate, D., 2008, 'ICT and the Emerging 'Fourth World': Where Does the Responsibility Lie?' International Journal of Private Law, 1, (1-2): 14-21
Today's society is an increasingly technological one, and the importance of access to new technologies particularly... more Today's society is an increasingly technological one, and the importance of access to new technologies particularly Information Communication Technology (ICT) cannot be underestimated. Castells's theory of the 'Network Society' has demonstrated the importance of being connected to networks within this new society and the negative consequences of not having access to ICTs. This paper suggests that being part of 'networks' and having access to modern technologies is essential for an individual to fulfil his/her 'right to development'. As such, ethical and legal questions are posed as to whether people have a right to technologies and, moreover, whose responsibility it is to facilitate this right. Human rights law suggests that everyone has a right to development and the paper proposes that access to technology particularly ICTs is vital to the realisation of this right.
Migrant networks, language learning and tourism employment
by Peter Lugosi
This paper is published as:
Janta, H., Lugosi, P., Brown, L. and Ladkin, A. Migrant networks, language learning and tourism employment. Tourism Management Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 431-439. Please consult the published version if citing.
This paper examines the relationship between migrants’ social networks, the processes of language acquisition and... more This paper examines the relationship between migrants’ social networks, the processes of language acquisition and tourism employment. Data collected using netnography and interviews are used to identify the strategies that Polish workers in the UK use to develop their language skills. The paper highlights the roles played by co-workers, co-nationals and customers in migrants’ language learning, both in the physical spaces of work and the virtual spaces of internet forums. It also shows how migrant workers exchange knowledge about the use of English during different stages of their migration careers: prior to leaving their country of origin and getting a job, during their employment and after leaving their job. Implications for academic inquiry and human resource management practice are outlined.
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EL INDIVIDUO ANTE EL TIEMPO ATEMPORAL
Publicado en: Argumentos, Vol. 22, Núm. 60, mayo-agosto, 2009, pp. 81-90 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Xochimilco, Ciudad de México.
En este trabajo se analiza de manera crítica la transformación que el individuo contemporáneo experimenta en cuanto a... more
En este trabajo se analiza de manera crítica la transformación que el individuo contemporáneo experimenta en cuanto a su concepción del tiempo. Este cambio está determinado por la influencia que los nuevos espacios de flujo de información ejercen sobre la dimensión espacio-temporal.
Algunos efectos de esta modificación pueden ser observados en comportamientos que dan forma al individuo que enfrenta la dimensión del tiempo atemporal característico de la tecnología actual.
Palabras clave: Tecnología, tiempo, espacio, individuo, red.
ABSTRACT
Contemporary individuals are living a change in its conception of time. This transformation is due to the influence of technologies of information and the new spaces of flow of information on the
space-time dimension. Some of the effects of this evolving can be observed in human behavior since it shape the way we relate to the timeless time of current technological dimension.
Key words: Technology, Time, Space, Net
New paradigms, old hierarchies? Problems and possibilities of US supremacy in a networked world
Co-authored with Giles Scott-Smith, published in 'International Politics' 48, no. 2/3 (2011), pp. 271-289
As Obama took office at the beginning of 2009, several new figures attained important advisory positions in his... more As Obama took office at the beginning of 2009, several new figures attained important advisory positions in his administration. Anne-Marie Slaughter, former Dean of the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, and now Director of Policy Planning in the State Department, is a prime example of the ‘change’ that has come to Washington. In recent years she has been part of a growing academic circle that views networks at the centre of international relations. At the same time, she has promoted the idea that the United States can be ‘the most connected country’ in such a world. By taking a closer look into the discourse of US supremacy and the current state-of-the-art in the theory of transnational networks, this article reveals the divergence between wishful thinking and reality in Slaughter's position. By analysing her position and introducing three case studies, we conclude that the complexity of power relations in a world of networks makes any assumption of US supremacy highly problematic. Some might ‘mirror’ the beliefs and values of America (Open Society Institute); some might only be a ‘prism’ of various different voices (Al-Jazeera); and some might fall totally outside state control to form ‘shadow networks’ (Khan Network). Ultimately, it is the belief in US exceptionalism that perpetuates the claim that the United States has ‘an edge’ in such a world, with potentially problematic consequences.
Child Welfare in the Network Society
Published in Child Welfare 360 degrees: special issue on technology and child welfare. A publication of the Centre for Advanced studies in Child Welfare, School of Social Work, University of Minnesota.
Offers an overview of the implications of the emerging network society for child welfare practice. Offers an overview of the implications of the emerging network society for child welfare practice.
The Network and the Archive: The Specter of Imperial Management in William Gibson's Neuromancer
Science Fiction Studies 37.2 [111] ( July2010): 275-295.
This article argues that William Gibson’s Neuromancer registers a tension between two historical moments of managerial... more This article argues that William Gibson’s Neuromancer registers a tension between two historical moments of managerial power: while steeped in the moment of the “network society,” with its simulated authority and flattened hierarchies, the text exhibits nostalgia for the more hierarchical moment of imperialism, best manifested in its lauded treatment of Straylight. While the network society provides mobility primarily for elites, it nevertheless offers possibility for subaltern masses to be visible within its networks. The network society, then, would seem to offer less masculine domination than the earlier moment of imperialism, an idea Gibson reinforces by dissolving the globalized manager Armitage. And yet managerial power does not dissipate with Armitage; the hacker Case, seemingly an outsider to power, emerges as a kind of manager by the novel’s end. Similarly, the subaltern subjects who seemed to gain power throughout the book’s plot—most notably the Rastafarians—are ultimately subordinated to the imperial power represented by Straylight.
Human Services in the Network Society: introduction to the special issue
Co-authored with Walter LaMendola, 2010
An introduction to a special issue of the Journal of Human Service Technology on Human Services in the Network Society. An introduction to a special issue of the Journal of Human Service Technology on Human Services in the Network Society.
Corporate Parenting in the Network Society
Co-authored with Zachari Duncalf & Ellen Daly. Published in Journal of Technology in Human Services, 28 (1/2), 2010
In the past few years the risks associated with use of the Internet and social networking sites by children and young... more In the past few years the risks associated with use of the Internet and social networking sites by children and young people have become a recurrent focus of attention for the media, the public, and policymakers. Parents, caregivers, and child care professionals alike are rightly concerned about exposure to pornography, pedophiles, and cyberbullies. At the same time Internet researchers have been steadily collecting evidence about the actual opportunities and risks associated with the young people's use of the Internet. In this article we describe some of the emerging evidence on opportunities and risks for young people and consider the challenges for social welfare professional charged with the role of safeguarding “looked after” children.
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