Understanding the productive economy during the Bronze Age through archaeometallurgical and palaeoenvironmental research at Kargaly (Southern Urals, Orenburg, Russia)
Díaz-del-Río, P.; López, P.; López, J.A.; Martínez-Navarrete, M.I.;; Rodríguez, A.L.; Rovira, S.; Vicent, J.M.; Zavala, I. de 2006. Understanding the productive economy during the Bronze Age through archaeometallurgical and palaeoenvironmental research at Kargaly (Southern Urals, Orenburg, Russia). Beyond the Steppe an the Sown: Proceedings of the 2002 University of Chicago Conference on Eurasian Arcahelogy / edited by D. L. Peterson, L. M. Popova an A. T. Smith, 2006, p. 343-357
This contribution addresses the metallurgy of Kargaly (the most important Bronze Age mining district in the Eurasian... more This contribution addresses the metallurgy of Kargaly (the most important Bronze Age mining district in the Eurasian steppes) and its environmental impact. Our analyses of ancient copper slag demonstrated that metallurgical techniques were primitive. Smelting experiments evaluated charcoal consumption and the efficiency of copper recovery (the main factors governing models of copper production’s environmental impact). Our palaeoenvironmental research sampled and radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites and natural deposits and contextualized that evidence by studying the present-day landscape. We combined study of the pollen rain with mathematical modelling of the landscape using satellite imagery, geographical information systems, and global positioning technology.
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Seen by: and 25 moreManpower: Making Landscape in the Rocky Mountains
by Becky Sobell
The accumulated physical power of many men, burros, hydro-electric power installations and ‘Buckeye’ (a 1920s diesel... more
The accumulated physical power of many men, burros, hydro-electric power installations and ‘Buckeye’ (a 1920s diesel engine) have, like burrowing animals, redistributed matter at the former Ute-Ulay silver mine in remote Colorado, USA. They took material from inside the precipitous Rocky Mountains and processed it into a new topography of plateaux and terraces.
At the Ute-Ulay, in the winter of 2010/11, a shed split under the weight of snow, spilling out detritus. When the snow thawed, the guts – tools and ‘come-in-handies’ from decades past – fell under the gaze of tourists on their way along the scenic Alpine Loop. The collapse was counterintuitively opportune, since ‘ruins provide the incentive for restoration’ (Jackson 1980, p.102), and the owners had decided to sign over the site to Hinsdale County.
A collaborative residency brought assorted artists and scientists to develop a vision for the Ute-Ulay; late in the final week, a local rancher’s wish list eerily resembled our own. It is unsurprising, since ‘our predominant landscape strategy now is the economic exploitation of the earth’ (Shepheard 1997, p.XIV). But which landscape architectural tactics can ensure that the Ute-Ulay site remains flexible? Flexibility is the best way to be sustainable, it allows for re-use.
Other examples of historic mining camps exist along the Alpine Loop: at Animas Forks “any structure 50 years or older” is preserved, as was proposed for the Ute-Ulay by the federal archaeologist. But this leaves only a skeletal form where debris once revealed that ‘the primary shaping of the mining landscape is a manifestation of male identity’ (Francaviglia 1991, p. xix). The identity of the Ute-Ulay is of everyday masculine utility: to restore it to some ‘scene of unreality’ (Jackson 1980, p.102) is to erase reality.
‘A landscape that is the product of tinkering… has a great advantage over the canonical monuments of landscape design created out of whole cloth… as a product of accretion, it can accept new uses and meanings with less friction’ (Ruddick 1997, pp.111-112).
This paper will reflect on the latest findings of an ongoing landscape architectural research project into development of the Ute-Ulay site.
QUALITY CONTROL OF OIL SHALE PRODUCTION IN ESTONIAN MINES I VALGMA, E REINSALU, S SABANOV, V KARU Journal: Oil Shale , vol. 27, no. 3, 2010 DOI: 10.3176/oil.2010.3.05
by Ingo Valgma
QUALITY CONTROL OF OIL SHALE PRODUCTION IN ESTONIAN MINES
I VALGMA, E REINSALU, S SABANOV, V KARU
Journal: Oil Shale , vol. 27, no. 3, 2010
DOI: 10.3176/oil.2010.3.05
QUALITY CONTROL OF OIL SHALE PRODUCTION IN ESTONIAN MINES
I VALGMA, E REINSALU, S SABANOV, V... more
QUALITY CONTROL OF OIL SHALE PRODUCTION IN ESTONIAN MINES
I VALGMA, E REINSALU, S SABANOV, V KARU
Journal: Oil Shale , vol. 27, no. 3, 2010
DOI: 10.3176/oil.2010.3.05
Mining of Oil Shale
by Ingo Valgma
I Valgma… - eolss.net
Keywords : Aboveground mining ,Arm loader, Baltic oil shale, Blasting, Braking, Double
handling, Double unit face method, Dragline, Drifting, Drilling, Fushun Open Pit Mine, Green
River oil shale, Kukersite, Longwall mining, Magnetic suspension, Maoming mining area, ...
I Valgma… - eolss.net
Keywords : Aboveground mining ,Arm loader, Baltic oil shale, Blasting, Braking, Double
Keywords : Aboveground mining ,Arm loader, Baltic oil shale, Blasting, Braking, Double
handling, Double unit face method, Dragline, Drifting, Drilling, Fushun Open Pit Mine, Green
River oil shale, Kukersite, Longwall mining, Magnetic suspension, Maoming mining area, ...
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The Sutro Tunnel Company, 1866-1878
The story of the Sutro Tunnel Company is one that weaves together social, economic, and political forces in the... more The story of the Sutro Tunnel Company is one that weaves together social, economic, and political forces in the Western United States in the 1860s and 1870s. Beginning in 1865, Adolph Sutro began soliciting investment in a tunnel that would drain and ventilate mines along the Comstock Lode in Nevada. In the thirteen years from 1865 to 1878, Sutro journeyed from Nevada to San Francisco to Washington DC to Europe in search of political and financial support. As the project’s feasibility and potential profitability became clear in 1866, the Bank of California tried to obstruct Sutro’s plan, which sparked a great rhetorical battle with the Sutro Tunnel Company. The debate highlights a pervasive suspicion of fraudulent business plans, profiteering and monopoly. Sutro attempted to accuse the Bank of California of monopolization of the Comstock mining industry, and portray himself as the victim of their avarice. While the Bank of California was unscrupulous in their opposition to the Sutro tunnel, Sutro was not the honest and reliable CEO that he tried to hard to portray himself as for thirteen years. Sutro’s stock liquidation in the Sutro Tunnel Company soon after the tunnel’s completion proved him to be a profiteer who reaped the benefit of the hype he created over the future profitability of the company, which never materialized.
A Trip Report on Çankırı Rock Salt Mine
This paper is about Çankırı Rock Salt Mine which is in Çankırı/Turkey. The paper is a feasibility report about the mine.
A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM USING FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (FAHP) AND TOPSIS APPROACHES FOR SELECTION OF THE OPTIMUM UNDERGROUND MINING METHOD
by Masoud Zare
Archives of Mining Sciences, Vol. 54 (2009), No 2, p. 349–368. "Impact Factor: 0.312""
Selection of an appropriate mining method is a complex task that requires consideration of many technical, economical,... more Selection of an appropriate mining method is a complex task that requires consideration of many technical, economical, political, social, and historical factors. The aim of this paper is developing a hierarchical model to selection the optimum mining method with the use of effective and major criteria and simultaneously, taking subjective judgments of decision makers into consideration. Proposed approach is based on the combination of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)method with TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods. FAHP is used in determining of the weights of the criteria by decision makers and then rankings of the methods are determined by TOPSIS. The proposed method is applied for Jajarm Bauxite Mine in Iran and finally the most appropriate mining methods for this mine are ranked.
The application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach to selection of optimum underground mining method for Jajarm Bauxite Mine, Iran
by Masoud Zare
Expert Systems with Applications 36(4) (2009) 8218–8226. "Impact Factor (2009): 2.908"
Underground mining method selection is one of the most crucial decisions that should be made by mining engineers.... more Underground mining method selection is one of the most crucial decisions that should be made by mining engineers. Choosing a suitable underground mining method to carry out extraction from a mineral deposit is very important in terms of the economics, safety and the productivity of mining operations. The aim of this study is developing a fuzzy model to selection the optimum mining method by using effective and major criteria and at the same time, taking subjective judgments of decision makers into consideration. Proposed approach is based on the combination of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method with an advanced type of conventional AHP. FAHP is used in determining of the weights of the criteria by decision makers and then rankings of the methods are determined by AHP. The proposed method is applied for Jajarm Bauxite Mine in Iran and finally the most appropriate mining methods for this mine are ranked.
A Probabilistic Systems Methodology to Analyze the Importance of Factors Affecting the Stability of Rock Slopes
by Masoud Zare
Engineering Geology 113(3-4) (2011) 82-92 -- "Impact Factor: 1.442"
A probabilistic expert semi-quantitative (PESQ) coding methodology is employed to assess the importance of factors... more A probabilistic expert semi-quantitative (PESQ) coding methodology is employed to assess the importance of factors that affect the stability of rock slopes within the rock engineering systems (RES) framework. With this newly proposed PESQ coding framework, uncertainties in the assignments of codes are expressed using probabilities that are assigned to each particular coding value. Rock slopes in the Khosh-Yeylagh region in Iran have been employed as an example case to illustrate the utilization of this method in rock slope engineering, and nine parameters are considered as the main factors modeling the stability of the slope system. In addition to the probabilistic coding, other typical RES procedures can also be performed non-deterministically, therefore allowing consideration of uncertainties in the RES analysis. The existence of "previous instabilities" has been found to be the most important parameter, therefore suggesting the importance of performing a site survey of similar slopes in the area; and “geology and lithology” and “mechanical properties of discontinuities” have also been found to be quite significant parameters. The degree of dominance or subordinance of parameters with respect to the slope system has also been interpreted probabilistically. The newly proposed approach could be a simple but efficient tool in evaluation of the parameters affecting the stability of rock slopes and hence be useful in decision making under uncertainties.

