Migration

“The Beginning of the End? The Italo-French Row over Schengen and the Lessons of Past ‘Crises’ for the Future of Border Free Europe”

by Ruben Zaiotti

European Union Centre of Excellence (EUCE) Occasional Paper No. 12 (June 2011), Dalhousie University

The row between the French and Italian governments over the issue of migrants fleeing North Africa in the wake of the... more The row between the French and Italian governments over the issue of migrants fleeing North Africa in the wake of the ‘jasmine revolutions’ has raised some serious doubts about the future of Schengen, the policy regime that guarantees the free movement of people across Europe. Does this row really represent, as some commentators have suggested, the beginning of the end for one of the key pillars of European integration? In this paper I contend that the regime, despite some ominous signs, is not doomed. On the contrary, in the long term it might emerge reinforced from its current predicament. To support this argument, this paper reconstructs the evolution of Schengen’s past ‘crises’, showing how their content, dynamics and key protagonists bear striking similarities with the recent Franco-Italian row and its political fallout. From an institutional perspective, these crises represent cyclical adjustment mechanisms that have helped the regime withstand new challenges and consolidate its presence in Europe. The correspondences with past events suggest that the latest crisis is leading Schengen towards a similar institutional path.

Globalisation, migration and asylum: the peril of the alien and the safety of the familiar

by Jane Callaghan

Seah, Mabel. 2012. “The Family’ as an Analytical Tool: Cases from International Marriages and Marriage Migration in East Asia”, International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 28(1): 63-84.

by Mabel Seah

The Past if Past: The Use of Memories and Self-Healing Narratives in Refugees from the Former Yugoslavia

by Marco Gemignani

Narratives of identity, home, and return of Kosovarian refugees: Steps toward a postmodern sense of agency

by Marco Gemignani

Improving the estimation of landscape scale seed dispersal by integrating seedling recruitment

by hendrik davi

• Context
Dispersal and recruitment play a critical role in determining the abundance and the spatial structure... more • Context
Dispersal and recruitment play a critical role in determining the abundance and the spatial structure of regeneration.
• Aim
In this study, we estimated landscape scale seed dispersal using the inverse modeling method by fitting seedling counts to seed tree location and fertility in the European silver fir Abies alba Miller.
• Methods
Seed trees and seedlings from three age cohorts were counted in 30 plots on Mont Ventoux (southeastern France) at elevations from 995 to 1,605 m, where the following ecological variables were measured: elevation, slope, aspect, light availability, and tree density. We developed and fitted a dispersal model, including a new parameter, recruitment rate, which depended both on the ecological characteristics of the plots and on seed production.
• Results
Elevation was the factor that affected seedling recruitment the most, with an optimum value at around 1,200 m. Estimated A. alba seed dispersal distances were short (median values for the three cohorts, respectively, 16.4–13.2–19.6 m).
• Discussion
We demonstrated that including the ecological characteristics of plots and post-dispersal recruitment processes realistically reduced estimates of seed dispersal distances which are otherwise grossly over-estimated using inverse modeling procedures.

Mediación intercultural natural. Reflexiones a partir de una experiencia en Orriols (Valencia)

by Albert Moncusí

Este texto es una reflexión sobre la mediación intercultural “natural”, su diferenciación respecto a la mediación... more Este texto es una reflexión sobre la mediación intercultural “natural”, su diferenciación respecto a la mediación intercultural profesional y sus limitaciones en contextos de políticas de exclusión social. Los argumentos se basan en información recogida en dos investigaciones efectuadas en Valencia, una con financiación europea y bajo la responsabilidad de tres ONG que colaboraron muy activamente en el trabajo de campo, y la otra, con financiación del Ministerio de Trabajo de España. Las reflexiones tienen como punto de partida el caso del barrio valenciano de Orriols. En un primer apartado, se describe el mismo, luego se abordan distintos discursos de vecinos autóctonos y extranjeros y se caracterizan sus relaciones. Finalmente, se define la mediación intercultural “natural”, con especial atención a sus fortalezas y debilidades en casos como el descrito. Se concluye que las potencialidades de la mediación se pueden desarrollar con una correcta articulación entre Administración y Sociedad Civil y en combinación con políticas sociales de prevención y erradicación de la exclusión social.

Mediación intercultural natural. Reflexiones a partir de una experiencia en Orriols (Valencia)

by Albert Moncusí

Este texto es una reflexión sobre la mediación intercultural “natural”, su diferenciación respecto a la mediación... more Este texto es una reflexión sobre la mediación intercultural “natural”, su diferenciación respecto a la mediación intercultural profesional y sus limitaciones en contextos de políticas de exclusión social. Los argumentos se basan en información recogida en dos investigaciones efectuadas en Valencia, una con financiación europea y bajo la responsabilidad de tres ONG que colaboraron muy activamente en el trabajo de campo, y la otra, con financiación del Ministerio de Trabajo de España. Las reflexiones tienen como punto de partida el caso del barrio valenciano de Orriols. En un primer apartado, se describe el mismo, luego se abordan distintos discursos de vecinos autóctonos y extranjeros y se caracterizan sus relaciones. Finalmente, se define la mediación intercultural “natural”, con especial atención a sus fortalezas y debilidades en casos como el descrito. Se concluye que las potencialidades de la mediación se pueden desarrollar con una correcta articulación entre Administración y Sociedad Civil y en combinación con políticas sociales de prevención y erradicación de la exclusión social.

Migrant-NonMigrant Differences in the Choice of Prenatal Care and Location of Delivery in Indonesia

by Hui Liew

Using the 2000 wave of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS3), this study attempts to further complement studies that... more Using the 2000 wave of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS3), this study attempts to further complement studies that seek to analyze the relationship between migration and prenatal care utilization in Indonesia. The major conclusion from the multilevel logistic regression suggests that migrants are less likely than non-migrants to seek prenatal care in a public or private hospital but are more likely than non-migrants to initiate prenatal care in their first trimester and to receive four or more prenatal visits. Several measures of child, woman, household and community characteristics are also significant predictors of the location, timing and frequency of prenatal care. It is evident that the design of effective and efficient policies requires a more comprehensive knowledge of the determinants of migration and maternal healthcare services utilization. The assessment of whether the extent of the location, timing and frequency of prenatal care differs between migrants and non-migrants would have important policy implications for both individuals and society at large.

Contraceptive Method Switch and Discontinuation among Women Migrants in Indonesia

by Hui Liew

Using the 2000 wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS3), this study attempts to examine the relationship... more Using the 2000 wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS3), this study attempts to examine the relationship between migration and contraceptive method switch and discontinuation in Indonesia. The major conclusion from the multinomial logistic regression is that repeated migrants are more likely than one-time migrants to discontinue use of the same method. However, the differentials in the likelihood of discontinuing use of the same method among women migrants is eliminated after controlling for the quality of health centre/family planning programme and the degree of infrastructure development in a community. The results of this study will contribute important foundational knowledge about the extent of contraceptive use dynamics by women of different migration experiences in Indonesia. This knowledge will provide guidance to policymakers to employ effective means to incorporate migration and issues that are sensitive to women migrants in their family planning and reproductive health programmes.

Marriages of Convenience, and Inconvenient Marriages: regulating spousal migration to Britain

by Michaela Benson

Charsley, K. and Benson, M. (2012) 'Marriages of Convenience, and Inconvenient Marriages: regulating spousal migration to Britain'. Journal of Immigration,  Asylum and Nationality Law 26(1): 10-26.

In the context of the European Convention on Human Rights obligation to respect family life, the UK governments stated... more In the context of the European Convention on Human Rights obligation to respect family life, the UK governments stated aim of significantly reducing immigration is challenged by the volume of marriage-related migration and settlement. In this context, increased immigration policy attention has focussed on the genuineness of marriages involving migrants. The resulting attempts to define, identify and combat marriages of convenience are, however, based on a binary of genuine and sham marriages, and sometimes normative criteria for evaluating the authenticity of relationships. These may not adequately account for the diversity of marital practices involving migration, and risk producing discriminatory outcomes. With the assistance of previously unpublished UKBA material, this article explores recent developments surrounding sham marriages to highlight areas of particular concern, before setting out an agenda for urgently needed research in this under-studied but increasingly critical area.

Does the Priest Have to Be There? Contested Marriages Before Roman Tribunals. Italy, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries. In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, 3, 2009, 10-30.

by Cecilia Cristellon

The Council of Trent established the requirements that a marriage be celebrated by the parish priest and two or more... more The Council of Trent established the requirements that a marriage be celebrated by the parish priest and two or more witnesses be present at the marriage (1563), but neglected to specify who the parish priest was. The decrees provoked confusion among both laymen and churchmen. Traces thereof can be found in the hitherto essentially unexplored documentation of The Congregation of the Council. This institution was founded in 1564 specifically to resolve the questions that arose all over the catholic world by the application of the decrees promulgated at Trent. The related records are held in the Vatican Secret Archive. Through an examination of this documentation, complemented by files of the Holy Office the author analyzes how the new rules were understood, experienced, used, circumvented, and manipulated both by laymen and churchmen in order to end an unwanted marriage, to facilitate a union that was socially transgressive, opposed by family, or even heterodox, and to respond to pastoral concerns.

From migration to nomadism: movement variability in a northern ungulate across its latitudinal range

by Luca Börger

Ecological Applications (in print) Co-authored with Navinder Singh (first author), Nils Bunnefeld, Holger Detki, and Goran Ericsson.

This is the first proper application of my net-squared displacement approach for modelling animal movements (Borger & Fryxell 2012).
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Understanding the causes and consequences of animal movements is of fundamental biological interest because any... more Understanding the causes and consequences of animal movements is of fundamental biological interest because any alteration in movement can have direct and indirect effects on ecosystem structure and function. It is also crucial for assisting spatial wildlife management under variable environmental change scenarios. Recent research has highlighted the need of quantifying individual variability in movement behavior and how it is generated by interactions between individual requirements and environmental conditions, to understand the emergence of population level patterns. Using a multi-annual movement dataset of 213 individual moose (Alces alces) across a latitudinal gradient (from 56° to 67° N) that spans over 1,100 km of varying environmental conditions, we analyze the differences in individual and population level movements. We tested the effect of climate, risk and human presence in the landscape on moose movements. The variation in these factors explained the existence of multiple movements (migration, nomadism, dispersal, sedentary) among individuals and seven populations. Hence, heterogeneity in the immediate environment can result in multiple movements within a species. Population differences were primarily related to latitudinal variation in snow depth and road density. Individuals showed both fixed and flexible behaviors across years, and were less likely to migrate with age in interaction with snow and roads. For the predominant movement strategy, migration, the distance, timing and duration at all latitudes varied between years. Males traveled longer distances and began migrating earlier in spring than females. Our study provides strong quantitative evidence for the dynamics of animal movements in response to changes in environmental conditions along with varying risk from human influence across the landscape. For moose, given its wide distributional range, changes in the distribution and migratory behavior are expected under future warming scenarios.

Die Einwanderungen griechischer und makedonischer Bevölkerungsgruppen in den hellenistischen Osten

by Ulf Scharrer

in: E. Olshausen / H. Sonnabend (eds.), "Trojaner sind wir gewesen" - Migrationen in der antiken Welt (Geographica Historica 21), Stuttgart 2006, p. 336-363

La migration des jeunes indiens mexicains aux États-Unis : Enjeux, défis et nouvelles subjectivités

by Alejandra Aquino Moreschi

Revue Autrepart, no. 60, Institute de Recherche sur le Développement, 2012, pp 23-40.

Résumé: Vers la fin des années 1980, la migration internationale s’est imposée dans la vie quotidienne des Zapotèques... more Résumé: Vers la fin des années 1980, la migration internationale s’est imposée dans la vie quotidienne des Zapotèques de la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, au sud du Mexique. Les communautés indiennes ont alors dû faire face à la dépopulation de leurs villages et à la transformation de leur économie paysanne traditionnelle par l'injection d'argent venu des Etats-Unis. Autre défi de taille: le changement des perspectives d'avenir et des projets de vie de la jeune génération. Cet article montre qu’aujourd'hui la migration des jeunes indiens ne répond pas seulement à une logique économique, mais traduit également l'existence de “besoins subjectifs” liés à la recherche, tant d’un nouveau style de vie permettant la mobilité spatiale et sociale, que de modèles de relations de couple et de famille plus ouverts. Bien que subjectifs, ces nouveaux “besoins” se sont généralisés au point de constituer un important moteur de changement dans la région et un enjeu majeur à la fois pour les familles zapotèques et pour les processus en cours de recouvrement de l'autonomie politique de ces communautés.

Anstract:In the late 1980’s, international migration definitely irrupted into the daily life of Zapotecan communities from the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca State. The aforementioned fact was expressed both in the abandonment of villages and the arrival of remittances, as well as in the transformation of young people’s future expectations and life projects. The present article discusses the idea that currently the migration of young people from the mountains is not only the expression of economic logics, but also of the existence of “subjective necessities” related to the seek of a new lifestyle that can allow them physical and social mobility, and the search for more open models of relationship and family. These new “needs”, even when being subjective, have become the trigger for important transformations in the area. The previous fact is presenting new challenges for families in the mountains and for the autonomy project developed by those communities too.

米国1924年移民法におけるメキシコ人 : 1920年代におけるメキシコ人移民国別割当論争と米墨国境管理問題 (2006)

by Yuki Oda

Redefining Family: The American Committee on Italian Migration and the Fourth-Preference Campaign (2012)

by Yuki Oda

Italian Americana Spring/Summer 2012

Missionaria o in pericolo di apostasia? Donne cattoliche e matrimoni misti nei dibattiti del Sant’Ufficio, in: Famiglia e religione nella prima eta` moderna. Saggi in onore di Silvana Seidel Menchi, Hg. Ciappelli, G., Luzzi, S., Rospocher, M. (Roma: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, 2011), 175-186.

by Cecilia Cristellon

Exploring identity change in Nicoya through symmetry analysis

by Elisa Fernandez-Leon

Presented at the SAA 77th meeting in Memphis, Tennessee, 2012, as part of the symposium: ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE HEART OF THE AMERICAN ISTHMUS Organizer: Clifford Brown Chair: Larry Steinbrenner

With the recent discoveries at several sites in Pacific Nicaragua, the out-of-Mexico paradigm has been put to the... more With the recent discoveries at several sites in Pacific Nicaragua, the out-of-Mexico paradigm has been put to the test, however, there is still much information lacking to have concrete answers to what went on in the Greater Nicoya Area.
This paper explores the possibilities of a technique that has been around since the seventies, and has yielded interesting results regarding identity issues. Symmetry analysis is used in a sample of complete and semi-complete ceramic vessels from two archaeological sites in Northwestern Costa Rica: La Ceiba and El Silo, to determine the symmetrical characteristics of Sapoá period designs in Nicoya. A sample of out of context Bagaces period vessels is also analyzed and compared with the former, looking for changes in decorative style, going beyond the traditional iconological analysis. This type of analysis could become an important tool to explore the complex social and cultural changes experienced by Greater Nicoya populations.

The Value of Immigrant Life

by Jonathan Xavier Inda