Metaphor

To judge a book by its weight you need to know its content: Knowledge moderates the use of embodied weight cues

by Jesse Chandler

Metaphorical mapping consistency via dynamic logic programming

by Amilcar Cardoso

BETWEEN THE VALLEY AND THE FIELD: Metaphor and disability

by Jay Dolmage

This essay locates discourses about disability in opposing spaces – prose and poetry, the literal and the... more This essay locates discourses about disability in opposing spaces – prose and poetry, the literal and the metaphorical. The author explodes the binary and charts a new territory, following disability to challenge language use, to reveal the metaphorical nature of prose and the literal power of poetry, to shake up the terms that objectify people with disabilities and to listen, look and feel for new ways to express bodily experience.

Meridel LeSueur: Metaphors from the Margins

by Carol Mohrbacher

Metaphor clusters in discourse

by Juup Stelma

Co-authored with Professor Lynne J. Cameron (now Open University).

Cameron, L.J. & Stelma, J.H. (2004). Metaphor clusters in discourse. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1(2): 107-136.

The phenomenon of clustering, where speakers or writers suddenly produce multiple metaphors, is widespread and... more The phenomenon of clustering, where speakers or writers suddenly produce multiple metaphors, is widespread and intriguing. This paper presents an innovative visualisation methodology for identifying and exploring metaphor clusters, comparing it to existing methods that use cumulative frequency graphs and Poisson curve fitting, and addressing issues that arise from these. Identification of clusters from the visualisation is shown to be reliable and practical, while also offering in-depth exploration across a range of discourse parameters.

Conversations aimed at conciliation between a perpetrator of violence and a victim (total 160 minutes) are analysed for clusters and their discourse functions. All techniques show clusters at two distinct time scales, of around one minute and of several seconds. Clusters in conciliation talk account for about 42 per cent of the total metaphors, and cover about 30 per cent of the discourse. Discourse work carried out in clusters includes explanation of a speaker’s perspective to the Other, appropriation of metaphors originally used by the Other, and exploration of alternative, negative, scenarios that had been possible choices for the speaker but had been rejected.

The finding that metaphor clusters are sites of intensive work relating to the central discourse purpose supports cluster exploration as a heuristic tool for discourse analysis.

Money as Metaphor 2 - Money is Order, the practice of numismatics

by Joe Cribb

Royal Numismatic Society Presidential Address 2006 (2 of 5, but no. 5 has not yet been published), Numismatic Chronicle 2006

Money as Metaphor 3 - Money is Time, dating coins, coins for dating

by Joe Cribb

Royal Numismatic Society Presidential Address 2007 (3 of 5, but no. 5 has not yet been published), Numismatic Chronicle 2007

Money as Metaphor 4a - Money is Power, currency, circulation; a universal theory of coin design

by Joe Cribb

Royal Numismatic Society Presidential Address 2009 (4 of 5, but no. 5 has not yet been published), Numismatic Chronicle 2009
plates separately downloadable

Money as Metaphor 4b - Money is Power, plates

by Joe Cribb

Presidential Address 2009 (4 of 5, but no. 5 has not yet been published)
text separately downloadable

Lakoff and Johnson and the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor

by John Flood

Yearbook of the Irish Philosophical Society, (2008 for 2007) pp. 43-60

This article presents an account of metaphor derived from cognitive science, a comparatively recent discipline which... more This article presents an account of metaphor derived from cognitive science, a comparatively recent discipline which emerges at the intersection of philosophy, psychology, neuroscience and linguistics. It focuses on a model derived from George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s Metaphors We Live By (1980). This is advanced here in a ‘maximal’ form, one which selects the strongest arguments for a cognitive model from the work of a number of authors. Additionally, the paper sketches the many philosophical implications claimed for the theory. Despite its impressive strengths a number of deficiencies in the model are highlighted and discussed.

On relationalism and resonance: how music brings meaning to contentious politics

by Meera Sabaratnam

Presented at the International Studies Association convention 2012, 1-4 April, San Diego, CA, on the panel 'The Social Technologies of Protest'.

The study of contentious politics and revolutions is replete with artistic metaphors. But how deep do these metaphors... more The study of contentious politics and revolutions is replete with artistic metaphors. But how deep do these metaphors run? And are they more than figures of speech? This paper notes that there are two possible ways of understanding the relationship between music and politics. The first, perhaps more obvious, is to understand music and musicians as a longstanding technology of politics. The second, which is the focus of the paper, suggests that a musical sensibility can augment and challenge our understanding of the political. Here, I specifically look at Tilly’s ‘repertoires of contention’ as a prominent component of a relational ontology, and ask why this has come to occupy such a central role in the analysis. By building on the work of Gilroy, Street, Inayatullah and Said, the paper offers an alternative – musical –interpretation of what a relational ontology of politics might look like.  Important steps have already been made in terms of understanding the importance of antiphony, poly-rhythms and counterpoint as specifically relational political potentialities. The interpretation in this paper also explores the constitution of critical consciousness via creativity and mimesis in politics, and the relevance of the notion of ‘resonance’. The analysis suggests that relational ontologies which reflect on the musicality of content as well as form might provide more satisfying accounts of the political. Moreover, they may prompt researchers to ‘listen to’ and ‘appreciate’ as well as ‘watch’ or ‘observe’ contentious politics.

An explanation to the depictions of humans touching animals. - Sahara, 22, 2011: 176.

by Julien d'Huy

www.saharajournal.com/

Efficient Financial Markets as Organizations: A Metaphoric Analysis

by Holly A. Bell

Published in 'Insights to a Changing World', 2012

Efficient financial markets have often been assigned almost mystic qualities devoid of definable or describable... more Efficient financial markets have often been assigned almost mystic qualities devoid of definable or describable organization. They’ve been described as being controlled by an invisible hand or as having non-ergodic qualities. However, if markets are at least informationally efficient, there must be an organizational structure within which markets operate. Without organization there would be chaos, not efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to explore the market from the perspective of organizational behavior. Two questions will be explored: 1) Are markets by definition and structure similar to organizations? (Markets as organizations), and 2) Do markets behave like organizations? (Markets as organizational metaphors) [Contact author for paper]

Neuman 2009. L'influence de l'écriture sur la langue (Ph.D. dissertation, Sorbonne Nouvelle)

by Yishai Neuman

Ph.D. in linguistics obtained from the Sorbonne Nouvelle University (Paris III) in December 2009.

The study of writing and language as semiotic codes in contact should have logically followed from the Saussurian... more The study of writing and language as semiotic codes in contact should have logically followed from the Saussurian statement: "Language and writing are two distinct systems of
signs". On the same theoretical basis as that of contact linguistics, the contact between language and writing might be conducive to mutual semiotic transfer. The acquisition of writing induces a radical cognitive change and the emergence of writing within a linguistic community modifies its organisation. The greater physical force of the visual stimulus as against aural stimulus and the high prestige gained by the mastery of writing are the cognitive and social factors that favour semiotic transfer from writing to language.
With regard to lexicon, a writing tradition accompanied by an orthoepy (rules of reading aloud) provides the language with words from afar in place and in time, like learned words from classical tongues and graphic loanwords between languages whose linguistic communities are not in direct contact. Graphemic words with no linguistic provenance are also vernacularised, like the lexicalisation of abbreviations. The vernacularisation of written elements enriches language. A particularly extreme case of vernacularised written sources is
that of the emergence of spoken Modern Hebrew – literary non vernacular Hebrew of early 20th century being its main source.
On the phonological level, orthoepy may modify phonology, as can be shown by the emergence of consonantal clusters in French and of /θ/ in author in English. On the semantic level, writing may be the source of the reorganisation of the signifiés based on spelling; numerous figures of speech are inspired by the attributes of writing.

Keywords:
Writing, orthoepy, semiotic transfer, lexical enrichment, morphophonology, linguistic change

http://www.sudoc.fr/147369126

Morals and Metaphors: The Meaning of Consumption

by Richard Wilk

Published as Wilk, Richard 2004 “Morals and Metaphors: The Meaning of Consumption.” In Elusive Consumption, edited by Karin Ekström and Helene Brembeck. Berg Publishers. Pp. 11-26.

My application of George Lakoff's metaphor theory to sustainability and consumer culture. Most studies of consumption... more My application of George Lakoff's metaphor theory to sustainability and consumer culture. Most studies of consumption have two things in common; they do not define consumption in any concise way, and they incorporate, consciously or unconsciously, moral values about consumption. Are these two phenomena related to each other? The very meaning and content of the term “consumption” is elusive, despite many attempts at definition and specification. Recent research in cognitive linguistics provides the tools to show why consumption is such a fuzzy category, and why consumption and moral issues are closely related to each other.  By exploring the structure of the concept of consumption, and the central metaphors that link its meanings together, we can better grasp our elusive topic. More importantly, we can also avoid some of the pitfalls that so often occur in the social sciences when we use folk-categories as if they were empirical and universal.

Metaphor In Bob Dylan's “Hurricane”

by Gerard Steen

Published in E. Semino and J. Culpepper (eds), Cognitive stylistics: Language and cognition in text analysis. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Nauseating Flux: Iris Murdoch on Sartre and Heraclitus

by David Robjant

forthcoming, The European Journal of Philosophy
Article first published online: 17 APR 2012

I observe Iris Murdoch’s distinctive use of the word ‘flux’ in discussion of Sartre’s Nausea and show that her usage... more I observe Iris Murdoch’s distinctive use of the word ‘flux’ in discussion of Sartre’s Nausea and show that her usage is persuasive and revolutionary, first as Sartre exegesis, second as Heraclitus exegesis, and throughout as a contribution to the philosophy of language. Murdoch’s usage of ‘flux’ frames a comparison of Sartre’s Roquentin with other figures who have had similarly flowing experience but without nausea. Roquentin's plight is shown to be ‘a philosopher's plight’ precipitated by a defective theory of descriptive success. I then show how the Heraclitean fragments would support Murdoch’s treatment of flux and on close analysis contradict the established view exemplified in the work of Wittgenstein and Jonathan Barnes. Flux is not a variety of change, and the river image ‘cannot be analysed into non-metaphorical components without a loss of substance’.

Nerlich, B. (2012). Biomilitarism and nanomedicine: Evil metaphors for the good of human health? Covalence Magazine

by Brigitte Nerlich

article for a special issue on nanoscience, ethics and religion edited by Chris Toumey

"Constructing Autopoiesis: The Architectural Body in Light of Contemporary Cognitive Science."

by Martin E. Rosenberg

_Interfaces: Image, Text, Language_ Special Issue: Architecture Against Death, edited by Jean-Michel Rabate.
http://college.holycross.edu/interfaces/vol21-22_articles/construct_autopoiesis.pdf

http://college.holycross.edu/interfaces/vol21-22_articles/construct_autopoiesis.pdf

The chariot-racing metaphor in Homer and Aeschylus: Power politics, high stakes, and the threat of death.

by Kevin Solez

Under review at a peer-reviewed journal.