Medieval Church History

Visualising Communities. Possibilities of Network Analysis and Relational Sociology for the Survey and Analysis of Medieval Communities (in German)

by Johannes Preiser-Kapeller

Working Paper for a presentation for the SGB "Visions of Community" (http://www.univie.ac.at/viscom/index_viscom.php?seite=events) and the FSP "Gemeinschaftskonzepte, Identitäten und politische Integration", University of Vienna; slides online: http://oeaw.academia.edu/JohannesPreiserKapeller/Talks

Der Begriff des Netzwerkes erlebt spätestens seit der rasanten Verbreitung von „social
networks“ wie Facebook... more Der Begriff des Netzwerkes erlebt spätestens seit der rasanten Verbreitung von „social
networks“ wie Facebook einen fast inflationären Gebrauch in der öffentlichen Diskussion,
aber auch in verschiedenen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen, darunter der Geschichtsforschung.
Dabei ist es oft schwer zu entscheiden, wo dem Netzwerk-Begriff auch eine analytische
Aussagekraft zugrunde liegt und wo es sich nur um eine „Metapher“ oder ein „Schlagwort“
handelt, das Vergleichbarkeit mit Phänomenen der Gegenwart suggeriert, ohne
Wesentliches für den historischen Erkenntnisgewinn zu leisten.
Ein Ziel der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse ist es, Geflechte von Akteuren und Beziehungen in
strukturell und quantitativ fassbarer Form darzustellen. Darüber hinaus betrachtet aber die
„relationale Soziologie“ Akteure nicht nur als in soziale Netzwerke eingebettet; vielmehr
werden ihre Verhaltensweisen und Identitäten durch Interaktionen und Kommunikationsakte
im Netzwerk geprägt, ja überhaupt definiert. Die strukturell-quantitative Perspektive wird
damit wesentlich um qualitative Aspekte ergänzt; sowohl die Verknüpfungen zwischen
Akteuren als auch deren Rollen und Identitäten werden als Ergebnisse dynamischer
Prozesse verstanden.
In den letzten Jahren wurden diese Ansätze auch mit Konzepten der Systemtheorie (Niklas
Luhmann) und der Komplexitätsforschung verknüpft, um die Emergenz und Dynamik von
Gemeinschafts- und Identitätsbildungen von der individuellen Ebene über Gruppen bis hin zu
großen sozialen Formationen besser erfassen zu können. Diese Konzepte werden im
Vortrag präsentiert, diskutiert und durch auf der Grundlage mittelalterlicher Quellen erstellte
Fallbeispiele illustriert. Einige Ansätze und Beispiele wurden bereits in diversen Beiträgen
und Working Papers näher ausgeführt, die unter
http://oeaw.academia.edu/JohannesPreiserKapeller auch im Internet frei zugänglich sind.

Review Essay - The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity (1999), by Richard Fletcher

by Richard Greydanus

2005. Unpublished.

An appreciation of Richard Fletcher's life and work, this review essay looks at the sort of questions that guided his... more An appreciation of Richard Fletcher's life and work, this review essay looks at the sort of questions that guided his historiography. How one makes sense of the Late Antique and early medieval, i.e. the Dark Ages, missionary ideology and conversion narratives examined through Fletcher's treatment of religious motivations in his The Barbarian Conversion.

The complex of the monumental buildings on the Starokievskaya Hora (Kiev) in the late 10th century: the aspects of archaeology, architecture history, and urban planning (2008, PhD thesis text, Russian).

by Denis Jolshin

Д.Д.Ёлшин. Комплекс монументальных сооружений X в. на Старокиевской горе: археологический, историко-архитектурный, градостроительный аспекты. СПб., 2008. Кандидатская диссертация (только текст).

Объект исследования — археологические остатки памятников монументального зодчества к. X в. на Старокиевской горе... more Объект исследования — археологические остатки памятников монументального зодчества к. X в. на Старокиевской горе (церкви Богородицы Десятинной и дворцовых построек). Использованы методы комплексного источниковедения. Проведен подробный историографический анализ исследований XIX—XX в. Выполнен свод архитектурно-археологических материалов всех монументальных сооружений на Старокиевской горе. Уточнена строительная техника и хронология памятников. Разработаны реконструкции строительной истории Десятинной церкви в Киеве и дворцово-храмового комплекса в целом. На археологическом материале проверены гипотезы реконструкции архитектурного облика Десятинной церкви. Определено значение комплекса в градостроительном развитии древнего Киева. Полученные выводы могут применяться в научных исследованиях по истории архитектуры и культуры Византии и Древней Руси.

Akt Hilandarskog bratskog sabora o prodaji adelfata

by Dragić Živojinović

Published in Miscellanea (Mešovita građa) 32 (2011)

Dragić M. Živojinović
AN ACT OF THE COUNCIL OF BRETHREN OF THE HILANDAR
MONASTERY CONCERNING THE SALE OF... more Dragić M. Živojinović
AN ACT OF THE COUNCIL OF BRETHREN OF THE HILANDAR
MONASTERY CONCERNING THE SALE OF ADELPHATA
Summary
King Milutin buys three adelphata from Hilandar monastery, two for the sustenance of monks of the Tower of Chryse (Pyrgos of Holy Ascension) and one for dweller of the kellion of Holy Trinity. The contract was confirmed by the decision of the Council of brethren of Serbian athonite convent, headed by hegoumenos Gervasios and 19 of its most distinguished monks. The document was made in the last years of Stephen Uroš II’s reign (1318–1321) and it came down to us as a transcript from the third or fourth decade of the XIVth century.

Key Words: Milutin, Gervasios, Hilandar, Chryse, adelphata, Council of brethren,
transcript, XIVth century.

Reconstrucción virtual del eremitorio y necrópolis de la Arcávica visigoda

by Francisco José López Fraile

realizada para J. Morín y R. Barroso

Situado a las faldas del castro de Santaver, antiguo poblamiento romano de Ercávica, el denominado eremitorio estaría formado por una ermita y una necrópolis rupestres alrededor de las cuales se habría establecido la comunidad religiosa de San Donato el Africano.
Se trata de una sencilla infografía que responde a la interpretación de varios autores, si bien es posible que en vez de mampostería se hubieran reutilizado bloques de sillería de la ciudad romana ya abandonada (se ha querido hacer una vista lo más esquemática y sencila posible, por lo que se optó por la primera opción).

Tithes and Taxes in Medieval Valencia

by Frederic Aparisi Romero

Orderic Vitalis: New perspectives on the historian and his world (Call for papers)

by Daniel Roach

9-11 April 2013, St John’s College, University of Durham

Call for papers
Orderic Vitalis:
New Perspectives on the Historian and His World

(9-11 April... more Call for papers
Orderic Vitalis:
New Perspectives on the Historian and His World

(9-11 April 2013, St John’s College, University of Durham)

The organising committee of the Durham University Institute for Medieval and Renaissance Studies conference 'Orderic Vitalis: New Perspectives on the historian and his world' invite abstracts from prospective speakers. This event, funded by the Durham University IMRS, will provide a forum for the dissemination of new research into the life and works of the monastic scholar, Orderic Vitalis. With plans already in place to publish a 'companion' volume on Orderic, this conference will aim to re-invigorate existing work and open new lines of research around a figure whose legacy has proven vital to scholars of the Anglo-Norman world.

While the conference welcomes papers on a wide scope of topics, we particularly invite abstracts for papers relating to the following areas:

•The manuscript history of Orderic's Historia ecclesiastica.

•Orderic's scholarly and scribal career away from the Historia ecclesiastica.

•Orderic’s travels, administrative activities, and studies away from Saint-Évroul.

•Orderic’s world view and his networks of knowledge-exchange and transfer.

•The 'rediscovery' of the Historia ecclesiastica by early modern audiences, and Orderic's subsequent influence on the development of Anglo-Norman studies.

Prospective speakers are invited to submit abstracts of between 250-300 words, and should also include their contact details (name, affiliation, e-mail address). The deadline for submissions is 1 September 2012. Limited bursaries towards travel costs will be offered to postgraduate speakers. If you wish to apply for one of these, please indicate this when submitting an abstract.

For further information about Orderic Vitalis: New perspectives on the historian and his world or to submit an abstract, please email Charlie Rozier, at: c.c.rozier@durham.ac.uk or Dan Roach at: dr229@exeter.ac.uk, or visit:
www.dur.ac.uk/imrs/conferences/orderic_vitalis/

"sancta mulier nomine Mechtildis". Mechthild (von Magdeburg) und ihre Wahrnehmung als Religiose im Laufe der Jahrhunderte, in: Beginen. Eine religiöse Lebensform von Frauen in Geschichte und Gegenwart, hg. von Marco A. Sorace und Jörg Voigt (erscheint in der Reihe: Studien zur christlichen Religions- und Kulturgeschichte) (in Vorbereitung)

by Balázs J. Nemes

These:
Mechthild von Magdeburg macht Karriere - als Nonne (und Begine?) in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit, als... more These:
Mechthild von Magdeburg macht Karriere - als Nonne (und Begine?) in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit, als Begine (und Nonne!) in der Moderne

Der involvierte Leser. Immersive Lektürepraktiken in der spätmittelalterlichen Mystik-Rezeption, in: Immersion im Mittelalter, hg. von Hartmut Bleumer (Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 167, 2012) (in Druckvorbereitung)

by Balázs J. Nemes

The article approaches the immersive potential of Mechthild von Magdeburg's “Fließendes Licht“, dispensing the reader... more The article approaches the immersive potential of Mechthild von Magdeburg's “Fließendes Licht“, dispensing the reader from his role as a spectator and turning him into a participant, something which has frequently been claimed by the new German medieval studies. This particular kind of recipient is, certainly, an ideal-typical reader, a literary construct with the function to display the strategies of persuasion in “Fließendes Licht“ and the special literacy or the functional inclusion of the text. It should be all the more interesting to have a look at a specific historical recipient as this allows making the text's calculated aesthetic impacts plausible or outlining them with regard to the history of receptions. The instructions by Heinrich von Nördlingen from the first half of the 14th century, addressed to Margareta Ebner and the Dominican nuns of Maria Medingen near Dillingen, which told them how to incorporate and read „Fließendes Licht“ will be the centre of my analysis. This particular example and the recourse to circulating thoughts about the phenomenology of immersion shall show which requirements have to be fulfilled in a special religious context of reception to obtain the effect of immersion. Heinrich's directives are perfectly suitable for this line of questioning as they create the model of an involved reader, amounting to the requirement to get into the diegesis of the text and to identify with the literary figure.

Im Beitrag geht es um das in der neueren germanistisch-mediävistischen Forschung vielfach behauptete immersive Potential des „Fließenden Lichts“ Mechthilds von Magdeburg, den Leser seiner Rolle als Beobachter (spectator) zu entbinden und ihn zu einem Teilnehmer (participant) der textuell entworfenen virtuellen Realität zu machen. Freilich handelt es sich bei diesem Typ vom Rezipienten um einen idealtypischen Leser, ein literaturwissenschaftliches Figurenkonstrukt also, dessen Funktion darin besteht, die im „Fließenden Licht“ verfolgten Persuasionsstrategien und damit die besondere Literarizität bzw. funktionale Einbindung des Textes sichtbar zu machen. Umso interessanter dürfte es sein, den Blick auf einen konkreten historischen Rezipienten zu lenken, ermöglicht er doch, die von der Forschung beobachteten kalkuliert wirkungsästhetischen Effekte des Textes zu plausibilisieren bzw. rezeptionsgeschichtlich zu perspektivieren. Im Mittelpunkt meiner Untersuchung stehen die an Margareta Ebner und die Dominikanerinnen von Maria Medingen bei Dillingen gerichteten Anweisungen von Heinrich von Nördlingen aus der Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts, wie sie das „Fließende Licht“ aufnehmen und lesen sollen. An diesem Fallbeispiel und im Rückgriff auf die kursierenden Überlegungen zur Phänomenologie der Immersion gilt es zu zeigen, welche Voraussetzungen speziell in einem religiösen Rezeptionskontext erfüllt werden müssen, damit es überhaupt zum Effekt der Immersion kommt. Heinrichs Direktiven eignen sich für diese Fragestellung insofern bestens, als sie das Modell des involvierten Lesers entwerfen, laufen sie doch auf die Forderung hinaus, sich in die Diegese des Textes zu begeben und sich mit der Textfigur zu identifizieren

The Role of Bishops in Anglo-Saxon Succession Struggles, 955 x 978

by Dominik Waßenhoven

in: Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church. From Bede to Stigand, ed. by Alexander R. Rumble. (Publications of the Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies 12.) Woodbridge: Boydell, 2012, pp. 97–107.

Call for Papers––31st Haskins Society––Boston, November

by Robin Fleming

Chapple, R. M. 2011 'Irish National Strategic Research (INSTAR) Programme- Findings From the First Phase 2008-2011. Review' Blogspot post

by Robert M Chapple

Christian Speer/Uta Marquardt: Kirchengeschichte, in: Napp, Thomas/Oettel, Gunter (Hrsg.), Zwischen Neiße, Schöps und Spree. Der Landkreis Görlitz, Görlitz 2012, S. 188–203.

by Christian Speer

Christian Speer: Görlitzer Hospitäler im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit, in: Napp, Thomas/Oettel, Gunter (Hrsg.), Zwischen Neiße, Schöps und Spree. Der Landkreis Görlitz, Görlitz 2012, S. 219–227.

by Christian Speer

‘Pastoral Care at Syon Abbey’, in R.J. Stansbury (ed.) Pastoral Care in the Late Middle Ages, 1200-1500 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), pp.235-262.

by Alexandra da Costa

Co-authored with Ann M. Hutchison

This chapter provides an overview of the pastoral care Syon Abbey offered in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It... more This chapter provides an overview of the pastoral care Syon Abbey offered in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It concludes: From the time of its foundation in 1415, Syon Abbey had prominent connections with royalty, the aristocracy and the papacy. It was capable of great influence. Thomas Fishbourne, for example, elected as the first confessor-general, was persuasive enough to have been able to cause Pope Martin V to issue the Mare Anglicanum, a bull giving Syon, among other things, independence from the mother-house at Vadstena. In 1423, he was also responsible for securing Syon’s status as a double monastery, travelling to Rome with Simon Wynter to achieve that end. At the same time, Syon Abbey strove to fulfill its pastoral duties to both the Bridgettine sisters and the visitors to the Abbey. Yet for much of the fifteenth century there was a disparity between the extended and continuing care they could offer the nuns and their spiritual advisees, and the briefer opportunities they had to help the laity. Until the late 1520s this seems to have left the Bridgettines unconcerned as they focused their attention on meeting the needs of religious readers. Apart from the Orcharde of Syon, which was printed by the lay steward of Syon for a wide audience, the brothers made only token gestures of inclusion towards secular readers. However, between the time when Thomas Arthur and Thomas Bilney first came to the attention of the authorities and when they were martyred in 1531 and 1532, Syon became radically invested in the support of lay faith. As Whitford implies in the introduction to his The Pype or Tonne, of the Lyfe of Perfection, a community decision seems to have been taken to renew the Bridgittine’s commitment to the cura pastoralis because it was now very necessary: ‘This worke was wrytten yeres ago. And nowe thought necessarye to be sende forth: bycause of these newe fangle persones / whiche in dede ben heretykes ....’ And to this end Bonde and Whitford attempted to teach the simple far away from the lecterns and confessionals of the Abbey. In doing so, they recognized the failure of many pastors to teach their flocks adequately and sought to supplement the education available within the parish. They anticipated by five years the efforts the government would make in the 1536 Royal Injunctions to improve the laity’s spiritual education on an extra-parochial scale. The effect their writings had on individual Christians is unrecorded, but the fact that Bedyll recommended that Syon’s confessionals be walled up and their preaching stopped suggests that they were capable of far-reaching influence, which would only have been heightened by the longevity of print.

Les Albigeois et la procédure inquisitoire : le procès pontifical contre Bernard de Castanet, évêque d'Albi et inquisiteur (1307-1308)

by Julien Théry

Paru dans "Heresis", 33, 2000, p. 7-48

En 1307-1308, le pape Clément V fit mener une enquête sur les crimes imputés à l’évêque d’Albi Bernard de Castanet par... more En 1307-1308, le pape Clément V fit mener une enquête sur les crimes imputés à l’évêque d’Albi Bernard de Castanet par deux chanoines de la cathédrale, qui avaient présenté contre ce dernier, à la Curie romaine, une liste d’accusations. Le prélat était accusé négligence pastorale, de simonie, de dilapidation, d’irrégularités et cruautés systématiques dans l’exercice de la justice, d’assassinats, enfin d’incontinence. Peu après l’audition par les enquê­teurs pontificaux, à Albi, de cent quatorze témoins produits par les dénonciateurs, le pape annula la procédure. Mais trois jours plus tard, il désavoua l'évêque en le transférant du siège d’Albi à celui, bien moins prestigieux, du Puy.
L’étude de cette affaire, à partir d’une édition critique des actes de l’enquête d’Albi (conservés dans le registre 404 des Collectoriae aux Archives du Vatican), replace la démarche des dénonciateurs dans l’histoire conflictuelle de l’épiscopat de Bernard de Castanet (1276-1308) et démontre la continuité entre la volonté des témoins d’accréditer les crimes de ce dernier, d’une part, et, d’autre part, la lutte de l’oli­garchie urbaine contre la juridiction seigneuriale de l'évêque, mais aussi le mouvement anti-inquisitorial dirigé par frère Bernard Délicieux dans les années 1299-1306. Durement combattue par l'évêque, l’hérésie des bons hommes s’avère en effet être au cœur de l’affaire, bien qu’elle soit passée sous silence par les dénonciateurs. L’analyse met en valeur la nature informelle et les fondements sociaux et théologico-politiques de la dissidence religieuse. Par ailleurs, en replaçant la procédure dans la série des processus inquisitionis pour « crimes énormes » (enormia) menées par les papes contre les prélats depuis le début du XIIIe siècle et en l’étudiant en termes juridiques, l’étude de ce casus montre le rôle de l’enquête, comme instrument du gouvernement d’État, dans la construction d’une opinion publique (fama), ainsi que dans la différenciation d’une sphère administrative, à partir de la matrice judiciaire, à la fin du Moyen Âge.


Fama, Enormia. The inquiry into the crimes of bishop of Albi Bernard de Castanet (1307-1308). Government and contestation in the age of pontifical theocracy and of the heresy of good men.

In 1307-1308, pope Clement V had an inquiry made into a series of crimes attributed to bishop of Albi Bernard de Castanet by two canons of the cathedral, who had presented at the roman Curia a list of accusations against their spiritual ruler. The bishop was accused of pastoral negligence, of simony, of dilapidation, of irregularities and systematic cruelty in the practice of justice, of murders and of incontinence. Soon after the hearing by pontifical commissioners of a hundred and fourteen witnesses presented by the denouncers, the pope called off the procedure. But three days later, he implicitly penalized the bishop, removing him from the see of Albi to that of Le Puy, which was much less prestigious.
The study of this case develops from the critical edition of the records of the inquiry at Albi, which are held at the Vatican Archives (register 404 of the Collectoriae). The initiative of the denouncers is examined in the perspective of the conflictual history of Bernard de Castanet’s episcopate (1276-1308). A continuity is shown between the witnesses’ will to have the bishop’s guilt admitted, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the struggle of the urban élite against the bishop’s lordly jurisdiction, but also the anti-inquisitorial movement lead by brother Bernard Délicieux in 1299-1306. The heresy of the good men, which was vigorously fought by the bishop, proves to be at the heart of the matter, though the denouncer didn’t mention it at all. The analysis show the informal consistency and the social and theologico-political grounds of religious dissent. Besides, by replacing the procedure in the series of processus inquisitionis dealing with « enormous crimes » (enormia) launched by popes against prelates since the beginning of the XIIIth century and by examining it from a juridical point of view, the study of this casus shows the role played by inquiry, as a tool of State government, in the construction of a public opinion (fama), and in the differentiation of an administrative sphere from the judiciary matrix, in the end of the Middle Ages.

L’insediamento di contrada Grammena a Valcorrente tra tardoantico e altomedioevo. La long durée di un sito rurale in provincia di Catania

by Elisa Bonacini

E. Bonacini - M. Turco con appendice di L. Arcifa, in “The Journal of Fasti Online”, n. 251, 2012, ISSN 1828-3179 (www.fastionline.org/docs/FOLDER-it-2012-251.pdf)

L'indagine archeologica, condotta dalla Soprintendenza di Catania nel 2007, ha portato alla luce una fattoria romana,... more L'indagine archeologica, condotta dalla Soprintendenza di Catania nel 2007, ha portato alla luce una fattoria romana, caratterizzata da molteplici fasi di vita (III-VII secolo d.C), nella zona di un precedente insediamento ellenistico. Una basilica a tre navate con nartece è stata costruita, in età tardo-bizantina (VIII sec. d.C. – prima metà del IX sec. d.C.), in parte distruggendo i resti della fattoria e quelli di una di una frequentazione più tarda della zona (VIII sec. d.C.). La basilica è stata modificata più volte, poi trasformata in un deposito amorfo di pietre. La sua planimetria è simile a quella di altri edifici di culto siciliani tradizionalmente datati tra il V e il VI secolo d.C., risultando così ancorata alla tradizione costruttiva della tarda antichità. La centralità dell’insediamento (posto non lontano dall’acquedotto romano che attraversava questa zona e accanto a una viabilità di lunga percorrenza in uso dall'epoca romana a quella tardo-medievale) spiega la continuità di vita di questo insediamento.

The archaeological survey, carried out by the Superintendence of Catania in 2007, has unearthed a Roman farm, characterized by multiple life stages (3rd-7th centuries AD), in the area of a previous Hellenistic settlement (4th-2nd centuries BC). A basilica with three aisles and a narthex was built, in late-Byzantine ages (8th-first half of 9th century AD), partially destroying the farm’s remains and those one of a later frequentation of the area (8th century AD). The basilica was modified several times, then transformed into an amorphous deposit of stones. The plan (21.90 m E/W x 16.60 m N/S) is framed in a 5x4 squares arithmetic form that includes the narthex and the apse, with a 2:1 ratio for the width of the nave from the aisles, and a metric base dimensioned according to a foot of m. 0.2964, with a base module of m. 4.15 corresponding to 14 ft. This plant is similar to Sicilian religious buildings traditionally dated between 5th and 6th century AD. and thus proves to be anchored to the building tradition of Late Antiquity. The centrality of the settlement (not far from the Roman aqueduct that crossed this area and beside a long-distance road network in use from Roman to Late Middle ages) explains the continuity of life of a settlement which was clearly the junction of this area.

Popes through the Looking-glass, or «Ceci n’est pas un Pape», «Reti Medievali Rivista», 13 (2012), 1

by Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri

This paper introduces Clement III (Wibert of Ravenna) in the context of the general phenomenon of the antipopes, a... more This paper introduces Clement III (Wibert of Ravenna) in the context of the general phenomenon of the antipopes, a vast and fundamentally medieval subject. The theme can be approached in two substantially different ways: from the well-established, official position, which condemns the antipopes as schismatics and subverters of the divine order; or from the perspective of an observer who attempts to examine the phenomenon from the inside. This study opts for the latter vantage point, as do the three papers that it introduces. In them, the antipopes take shape as historical personages who believed in their own legitimacy as popes, who often had large followings, and who received their mark of infamy—that is, the title of antipope—because they were defeated by their opponents.

With the first of the two methods (the official, well-established one), history is interpreted in reverse, giving events after-the-fact justifications. With the second analytical strategy, the interpreter instead views history in the historical present and tries to comprehend how events unfolded within the dynamics of the myriad possibilities, changes, and inversions of course that life presents. In this sense, the essays in this collection look not at «anti-popes» but rather at «other-popes» reflected in the mirrors of their adversaries—adversaries who won their respective struggles and were thus able to transmit their own visions of events as the sole vehicles of truth. In the same spirit, these essays consider not antipopes but rather individuals who, like the pipe in Magritte’s painting, come down to us not in their authentic dimension but rather through the filters of representation.

Płock i Spira. Piastowska "imitatio imperii" na przełomie XI i XII wieku?, in: Świat średniowiecza. Studia ofiarowane Profesorowi Henrykowi Samsonowiczowi, red. A. Bartoszewicz i in., Warszawa 2010

by Marcin Pauk

Moneta episcopalis. Episcopal coinage in Poland and Bohemia and its German context

by Marcin Pauk