Medicine

Culturally-based health promotion programmes

by Michael Elmore-Meegan

Predicting health care associated infections (HAI) in a high incidence low cost intensive care unit

by Gautam George

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 14, Supplement 1, March 2010, Pages e259
http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(10)02103-X/abstract

The usefulness of distinguishing different types of general practice consultation, or are needed skills always the same?

by Liz Farmer

Winefield HR, Murrell TG, Clifford JV, Farmer EA. Fam Pract. 1995 Dec;12(4):402-7.

We hypothesized that it might be important to distinguish different types of consultation in order to understand... more We hypothesized that it might be important to distinguish different types of consultation in order to understand better how help is delivered in general practice. This paper provides preliminary data on the ways that consultations can differ in how they unfold, and on how such differences might affect the helping process and the outcomes of each consultation. Several types of general practice consultation were noticed amongst 210 transcripts. Having established adequate inter-rater reliability of the classification system, we explored the differences between consultations of three broad types: Psychosocial, Complex, and Straightforward. Some of the questions asked in this preliminary study included: 1) do certain sorts of doctor, or patient, engage in certain sorts of consultation? 2) are there any relationships between the type of consultation and its length, patient-centredness or outcomes? 3) are the correlations between process and outcome clearer within categories of consultation than they are if consultations are treated as homogeneous? Findings provide a foundation for further investigations.

Management of radiation therapy-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. Part I: Clinical significance, pathophysiology and prevention

by Chai Wen Lin

Oropharyngeal mucositis is the acute inflammatory and ulcerative reaction of the oral mucosa following radiation... more Oropharyngeal mucositis is the acute inflammatory and ulcerative reaction of the oral mucosa following radiation therapy to the head and neck region. It is such a common problem that nearly all head and neck cancer patients develop some degree of mucositis. This complication is usually transient in nature but it also represents an important clinical problem as it is a painful, debilitating, dose-dependent side effect for which there is no widely acceptable prophylaxis or effective treatment. As several authoritative groups have recently either undertaken systematic reviews or issued guidelines on the management of mucositis, it is the aim of this review to provide instead an overview of all the possible remedies available, as well as highlighting to researchers the gaps that need to be filled. The first part of this review outlines the clinical significance and pathophysiology of radiation-induced mucositis, and looks into some of the preventive approaches available.

A Novel Missense HGD Gene Mutation, K57N, in a Patient with Alkaptonuria

by Jeffrey Wade Brown, M.D., Ph.D.

Grasko JM, Hooper AJ, Brown JW, McKnight CJ, & Burnett JR (2009) Clin Chim Acta 403: 254-6. PMID: 19306858.

Alkaptonuria is a rare recessive disorder of phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism due to a defect in the enzyme... more Alkaptonuria is a rare recessive disorder of phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism due to a defect in the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD) caused by mutations in the HGD gene. We report the case of a 38 year-old male with known alkaptonuria who was referred to an adult metabolic clinic after initially presenting to an emergency department with renal colic and subsequently passing black ureteric calculi. He complained of severe debilitating lower back pain, worsening over the last few years. A CT scan revealed marked degenerative changes and severe narrowing of the disc spaces along the entire lumbar spine. Sequencing of the HGD gene revealed that he was a compound heterozygote for a previously described missense mutation in exon 13 (G360R) and a novel missense mutation in exon 3 (K57N). Lys(57) is conserved among species and mutation of this residue is predicted to affect HGD protein function by interfering with substrate traffic at the active site. In summary, we describe an alkaptonuric patient and report a novel missense HGD mutation, K57N.

“Living Atoms, Hylomorphism and Spontaneous Generation in Daniel Sennert”, in Gideon Manning (ed.), "Matter and Form in Early Modern Science and Philosophy" (Boston-Leiden: Brill, 2012), pp. 77-98.

by Hiro Hirai

On the volume, see at http://bit.ly/IFdXO7

The work of Daniel Sennert (1572-1637), professor of medicine at the Lutheran University of Wittenberg, encompasses... more The work of Daniel Sennert (1572-1637), professor of medicine at the Lutheran University of Wittenberg, encompasses the cluster of issues raised by the early seventeenth-century intersection of matter theories and the life sciences, where the origin of life emerged as one of the most important questions. There the belief in spontaneous generation was particularly pertinent. Sennert wrote a treatise precisely on this subject, entitled "De spontaneo viventium ortu," published at the end of his masterpiece "Hypomnemata physica" (Frankfurt, 1636). There he developed a corpuscular interpretation of the origin of life to explain spontaneous generation, while biological generation provided the foundational model for his philosophical reflections in general. This article first analyzes Sennert’s discussions on the “normal” generation of living beings (plants, animals and human beings), the discussions which provide the basis of his doctrine on the origin of souls. Then his theory of spontaneous generation is examined on its own.


1. Introduction
2. The Origin of the Soul in Normal Generation
2.1. The Giver of Forms and Astral Causality
2.2. The Eduction of Forms
2.3. Jacob Schegk and Plastic Force
2.4. The Nature of the Seed and Its “Spiritus”
3. Spontaneous Generation in Sennert
3.1. The Soul, Seminal Principle and Corpuscles
3.2. The Atoms of Living Beings and Their Souls
4. Conclusions

Recent advances in MeCP2 structure and function

by Kristopher Hite

Medicina e política em dois físicos judeus portugueses de Hamburgo: Rodrigo de Castro e o Medicus Politicus (1614), e Manuel Bocarro Rosales e o Status Astrologicus (1644)

by Florbela Veiga Frade

Co-Authored with Sandra Neves Silva and published in "Sefarad", Vol 71, No 1 (2011)

Desde fines del siglo XVI Hamburgo recibió una constelación de distinguidos médicos portugueses que se integran dentro... more Desde fines del siglo XVI Hamburgo recibió una constelación de distinguidos médicos portugueses que se integran dentro de la comunidad judía de origen ibérico. En este artículo se examina la contribución intelectual y las implicaciones políticas de las obras de dos de ellos, Rodrigo de Castro (1546-1627), autor de un importante tratado ginecológico, y Manuel Bocarro Rosales (ca. 1588-1662/8?), que escribe varias obras sobre astronomía y astrología de contenido político-mesiánico.

Regenerative Nanomedicine: Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues

by Linda MacDonald Glenn

Co-authored with Dr. Jeannann S. Boyce, published in Methods in Molecular Biology, 2012

Advances in regenerative nanomedicine raise a host of ethical, legal, and social questions that healthcare providers... more Advances in regenerative nanomedicine raise a host of ethical, legal, and social questions that healthcare providers and scientists will need to consider. These questions and concerns include definitions, appropriate applications, dual use, potential risks, regulations, and access. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the questions and concerns and recommend proactive consideration and solutions.

The effectiveness of integrated health information technologies across the phases of medication management: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

by Pavel Roshanov

The Caffeine and Java Myth: The Relationship Between the World of Coffee to the Science of Diabetes and Obesity in Public Health

by Roy Chan

Key words: public health, medicine, coffee, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, caffine

In this new... more Key words: public health, medicine, coffee, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, caffine

In this new century, a cup of coffee can hold many things – the long morning hours driving to the office to the long nights studying and cramming for exams in the library. Coffee, in our context today, has become extremely popular where now more than 65 countries across the world grows coffee and is currently the second most traded commodities in the world, first being oil. Steven Topik, currently Professor of History at the University of California Irvine, once state that coffee provides “a case study for the development of the world economy for the last 500 years” (Topik, 2009). Although coffee will continue to rise the global marketplace, to what extent are the public health and medical problems assicuated with drinking too much coffee and what are its risk factors.

This short paper possible solution that could help prevent individuals from acquiring diabetes, obesity, or inhibiting high blood pressure as a result from caffeinated drinks. Until there are more accurate studies that prove the relationship between coffee and diabetes, various prevention techniques, intervention programs and new methods for selling, trading and producing coffee will remain ineffective. Risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, stroke, heart disease, and high blood pressure in relation to caffeinated drinks must be addressed in higher priority at both local schools and at the community level in order to prevent early diabetes and/or obesity.

Textualidades cannábicas

by L. Nicolás Guigou

Ponencia presentada en el Debate Nacional sobre drogas- 29 al 31 de agosto de 2011

APOYA:more Ponencia presentada en el Debate Nacional sobre drogas- 29 al 31 de agosto de 2011

APOYA:
CSIC-UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPUBLICA, URUGUAY

Título: Textualidades cannábicas.
Prof. Agr. Dr. L. Nicolás Guigou- Núcleo de Antropología de la ContemporaneidadDepartamento de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, LICCOM, UDELAR.

Introducción.

Parte del proceso de secularización de las culturas, puede ser atendido en tanto
desencantamiento – no del mundo- sino de la naturaleza. La naturaleza desencantada,
exterior, silenciosa –prácticamente la naturaleza del mito de La Caída-, o bien la imagen
clásica que teníamos de la diferenciación entre naturaleza y cultura se ha visto a todas
luces, trastocada. A los filosofemas y mitemas antropológicos que proponían dar a la
naturaleza el lugar de los universales culturales, o meramente de los universales -todo lo
universal es parte de la naturaleza, lo singular, un producto de la cultura-, se le
opusieron procesos teóricos cada vez más secularizantes (como el giro derridadiano)
llegándose en la contemporaneidad a proponerse cambios radicales en nuestra
perspectiva de la naturaleza, la cultura, la percepción y las diferentes formas de
entrelazamiento entre inteligencias humanas y no humanas.
La selva – la naturaleza- se vuelve inteligente, al decir de Descola,
mostrándonos así todas las aristas de una antropología no-humana (post-humana) en la
cual la naturaleza ya no es objeto inteligible, sino sujeto inteligente...

Recent advances in biosensory and medicinal therapeutic applications of zinc (II) and copper (II) coordination complexes

by Joel Drewry

Aspar Maluašia: Mandejská kniha astrologie, lékařství a magie v novém světle

by Marek Vinklát

Aspar Maluašia: The Mandaean Book of Astrology, Medicine and Magic in New Light

The Mandaean Aspar Maluašia... more Aspar Maluašia: The Mandaean Book of Astrology, Medicine and Magic in New Light

The Mandaean Aspar Maluašia was compared with other sources of Middle Eastern astrology and divination only in some cases. The old structure of this compilation suggested by Lady Drower is not sufficient for present studies and very important similar texts of Middle East were not mentioned in her translation. The author of this study proposes new structure and he points at the known astrological and divinatory writings with parallels of Aspar Maluašia. He also translates from Mandaic texts which are identified as Mandaean originals and reconstructs the original purpose and meaning of the compilation. Through study of its colophons the author traces the origins of Aspar Maluašia texts to the 17th century and the combination of separate texts to the 18th century. As the comparison proves, some of the contents of the Aspar Maluašia is actually much older and incorporates the Babylonian and Greek traditions – amongst them the Apocalypse of Daniel.

European complaint mechanisms vary widely

by Ira Allen

Doctors crossing borders: Europe's new reality

by Ira Allen

L’illustration des disciplines médicales dans l’Antiquité : hypothèses, enjeux, nouvelles interprétations

by stavros Lazaris

published in : La Collezione di testi chirurgici di Niceta (Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 74.7). Tradizione medica classica a Bisanzio, M. Bernabò (éd.), Roma, 2010 (Folia Picta. Manoscritti miniati medievali, 2), p. 99-109

Ancient Greek Medicine as the Foundation of Contemporary Medicine

by Vasiliki Kanellou

Kanellou, V. 2004. 'Techniques in Coloproctology', Volume 8, Supplement 1, pages 3-4

Therapeutic Enhancements and the View of Rehabilitation Educators

by Gregor Wolbring

open access
Dilemata Journal of Applied Ethics 8. 169-183

So far, the meaning of health and therefore treatment and rehabilitation is benchmarked to the normal or species... more So far, the meaning of health and therefore treatment and rehabilitation is benchmarked to the normal or species typical body. Therapeutic interventions increasingly have the potential to generate beyond the ‘normal’ bodily abilities (therapeutic enhancements) The field of rehabilitation, the desire for certain especially beyond species-typical body abilities and the direction and governance of science and technology are becoming increasingly interrelated. How we judge and deal with bodily abilities, or the lack of them, among others influences the direction and governance of science and technology processes, products and research and development and influence the meaning and scope of health and rehabilitation, the identity and job description of health and rehabilitation professionals, the desires of health and rehabilitation clients. This paper presents the results of an exploratory, non-probability survey of National Council of Rehabilitation Educators (USA) members seeking their views on issues of bodily enhancement and their impact on health and rehabilitation professions. The majority surveyed perceived human enhancements beyond the ‘normal’ and the attached changes as unavoidable. The results indicate that it is high time that the enhancement discourse moves outside the ethics realm and that impact analysis of beyond the normal enhancement is performed that includes so far mostly invisible health and rehabilitation professionals, their clients and disability policy scholars.

Understanding the interplay of time, gender and professionalism in Hospital Medicine in the UK

by Mustafa Ozbilgin

Ozbilgin MF; Tsouroufli M & Smith M (2011) Understanding the interplay of time, gender and professionalism in Hospital Medicine in the UK, Social Science and Medicine.

Regulation of time, management of gender equality and discourses of professionalism are often studied in isolation... more Regulation of time, management of gender equality and discourses of professionalism are often studied in isolation from one another in the context of hospital medicine. Drawing on qualitative analysis of 20 interviews with senior National Health Service (NHS) hospital doctors in Wales, UK, we demonstrate the complex interplay between professionalism and regulation of time and gender in hospital medicine. We examine the connectivity of gender and time in norms about professional behaviour in hospital medicine and demonstrate how a certain discourse of professionalism is used in turn to retain and reproduce a temporally regulated gender order at work. Based on our findings, and congruent with the spirit of modernisation of management of human resources in healthcare, we offer new directions for gender equality, regulation of time and development of professionalism in hospital medicine.