Localization

Globalization and the future of culture areas: Melanesianist anthropology in transition

by Rena Lederman

WORLDING SPACE, WORLDING TIME: On the Making of “The Worlding Project”

by Rob Wilson

The Level of Ability to Adopt and Apply Organizational Democracy to Primary Schools According to Perceptions of Teachers and Administrators

by Halil Eksi

Güneş ŞEKER, Cem TOPSAKAL
Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice - 11(3) • Summer • 1222-1227

In this study, the level of ability to adopt and apply organizational democracy by teachers and administrators inmore In this study, the level of ability to adopt and apply organizational democracy by teachers and administrators in
primary schools are examined. The primary schools in Van have been classified in terms of sub, mid and upper
socio-economic levels and 486 teachers and 71 administrators who work at the public primary schools which
are randomly chosen have been taken to the sample. In this study, the “Organizational Democracy Scale” which
was prepared by Şeker was used as data collection tool. The data were interpreted by using SPSS software.
Non-parametric tests were applied due to the non-normal distribution according to the Kolmogoroy Sminoy
Test which has been examined over total score. In variables consisting two categories Mann Whitney-U test, in
variables consisting more than two categories Kuruskal test and for determination of differences between variables,
Mann Whitney-U test was used. As a result of study, it has been concluded that managers and teachers
in primary schools have adopted organizational democracy but have reasonable view about practicability of organizational
democracy.

Anti-Globalization: the Global Fight for Local Autonomy

by Amory Starr

2003 Co-authored with Jason Adams, New Political Science 25.1: 19-42.

This paper examines one of the less-discussed modes of anti-globalization, relocalization or local autonomy. It... more This paper examines one of the less-discussed modes of anti-globalization, relocalization or local autonomy. It describes a range of autonomous movements, summarizes their political economic ideas, and discusses some common social critiques
raised in regard to local autonomy.

Marketing Strategies

by Olivier Furrer

Olivier Furrer
In Marketing Management: International Perspectives, M.S. Raju and D. Xardel (eds.), Vijay Nicole Publishing, Chennai (India), 2006, pp. 81-98.

The study and practice of marketing have broadened considerably, from an emphasis on marketing as a functional... more The study and practice of marketing have broadened considerably, from an emphasis on marketing as a functional management issue, to a wider focus on the strategic role of marketing in overall corporate strategy (e.g., Kotler, 2000; Sudharshan, 1995). This broadening of the marketing concept, to include strategic as well as operational decisions, has resulted in an overlap between marketing and strategic management. Managers around the globe are recognizing the increasing importance for the firm to develop marketing strategies to compete effectively in worldwide markets. The emergence of a more open world economy, the globalization of consumers’ tastes, and the development of a worldwide commercial web all have increased the interdependency and interconnections of markets across the globe. In such a global environment, firms should develop their marketing strategy around three key dimensions (Zou and Cavusgil, 2002): (1) standardization-adaptation, (2) configurationcoordination, and (3) strategic integration. Following Sudharshan (1995), we define a firm’s marketing strategy as the development of and decisions about a firm’s relationships with its key stakeholders, its offerings, resource allocation, and timing.

Influencia de la localización sobre la rentabilidad de los negocios de pequeños productores agrícolas usuarios del Programa PRODESAL

by Ignacio Moncayo

El PRODESAL es un programa de fomento productivo que permite, mediante un convenio entre INDAP y los municipios... more El PRODESAL es un programa de fomento productivo que permite, mediante un convenio entre INDAP y los municipios rurales, la entrega de asesoría técnica y capital de inversión para los pequeños productores agrícolas con menor grado de desarrollo productivo. El estudio evaluó la influencia de variables determinantes de la localización sobre la rentabilidad de los negocios de pequeños productores usuarios del PRODESAL durante una temporada agrícola. Se utilizó la información productiva proveniente de una encuesta realizada para la temporada 2007-2008 a usuarios de 243 comunas de Chile. Se consideró la información proveniente de los rubros frutales, cultivos anuales, hortalizas en invernadero y al aire libre. Se observó, de manera consistente con la teoría, que las variables relacionadas a la localización territorial de las explotaciones, tales como tamaño del mercado, población y nivel de desarrollo, tienen una influencia positiva sobre la rentabilidad de los rubros estudiados. De manera inversa, la distancia que separa a las explotaciones rurales de los centro de consumo, mostró una influencia negativa sobre el resultado de los negocios.

Accessing Egypt

by Mark Peterson

Ivan Panovic, second author

From an anthropological viewpoint, ‘‘accessibility’’ is not so much a technological and design project as it is a... more From an anthropological viewpoint, ‘‘accessibility’’ is not so much a technological and design project as it is a cultural construction, a cognitive schema through which graphic designers and technologists imagine audiences and create appropriate graphic designs that will be ‘‘accessible’’ to that audience. The ethnographer’s task is the specification of key actors, institutions and discourses active in the making and remaking of accessibility in a given context. In this article, we examine how EgyptianWeb producers at the turn of millennium (1999/2001) sought to design Web portals that would allow the ‘‘typical’’ Egyptian to easily access the World Wide Web. We argue, first, that Egyptian Web producers are deeply influenced by national and international discourses that frame IT
as a national mission for socioeconomic development. Second, we found that in the absence of clear definitions of the Web audience, Web producers imagined a ‘‘typical’’ Egyptian that contradicted their own experiences of users of the Web. Finally, we found that Egyptian Web producers largely borrowed pre-existing models, using design elements to ‘‘inflect’’ their sites with an Egyptian motif. However, the conceptual models of access and related design strategies created by Egyptian Web producers were out of touch with Egyptian social realities, contributing to a collapse of most Web portal projects.

computer khatbas

by Mark Peterson

Sherine Ali Abu Hashish, first author

Making Global News: ‘Freedom of Speech’ and ‘Muslim Rage’ in U.S. Journalism

by Mark Peterson

2007.  “Making Global News: ‘Freedom of Speech’ and ‘Muslim Rage’ in U.S. Journalism”  Contemporary Islam: Dynamics of Muslim Life 1(3): 247-264.

The American press began to take notice of the Danish cartoons after they began to circulate outside of Europe. The... more The American press began to take notice of the Danish cartoons after they began to circulate outside of Europe. The press primarily framed the events as a single problem of global interaction: an issue of ‘freedom of speech’ opposed to ‘religious sensitivity.’ Much of the coverage permitted, within limits, a plurality of voices. Drawing on a case study of stories about the ‘cartoon controversy’ in the Boston Globe, I argue that U.S. journalism is organized by a logic of objectivity that seeks to produce a ‘perspectiveless perspective on all perspectives’ (Bourdieu, On television. New York: The New Press, 1998), showing voices on ‘both sides,’ simultaneously masked and contributed to the press’s reifying a series of events into a single global ‘event,’ one that reflected a clash of Western and Islamic values.

Agents of Hybridity: Class, Culture Brokers, and the Entrepreneurial Imagination in Cosmopolitan Cairo.

by Mark Peterson

2010. “Agents of Hybridity: Class, Culture Brokers, and the Entrepreneurial Imagination in Cosmopolitan Cairo.” Research in Economic Anthropology 30: 225-256.

Flows of transnational popular culture into Egypt are not so much cases of foreign imperialism imposing itself on... more Flows of transnational popular culture into Egypt are not so much cases of foreign imperialism imposing itself on helpless Egyptians as they are processes managed by Cairene entrepreneurs whose accomplishments present them as successful agents of modernization, locating the cosmopolitan balance between global brands and goods and local markets and infrastructures. This chapter explores the links between these entrepreneurs, the state’s “culture of development,” and class reproduction. Egyptian transnational entrepreneurialism—speculative, profit-oriented enterprises engaged with transnational flows of brands, commodities and capital—has become yoked to the state’s goal of national development through economic liberalization. Upper class cosmopolitan entrepreneurs are increasingly positioned as agents of hybridity, culture brokers who can creatively forge links between supposedly rational and universal economic practices of market capital and local cultural beliefs and values. Successful entrepreneurs are construed as possessing an “entrepreneurial imagination” by means of which they can overcome structural and cultural obstacles and contribute to the development of an Egyptian “enterprise culture”.

‘Small is successful’: The lure of small-scale tourism development and transnational networking

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2007. "Small is successful": The lure of small-scale tourism development and transnational networking. In A. Raj (Ed.), Sustainability, profitability and successful tourism (pp. 396-420). New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers.

Success stories in tourism usually come from the industry and are eagerly used as marketing tools to promote... more Success stories in tourism usually come from the industry and are eagerly used as marketing tools to promote destinations. This chapter reflects on what ‘successful tourism’ is, and why scholars are more cautious than practitioners are in using this kind of catchphrase terminology. The discussion takes into account the contemporary context of an increasingly powerful global tourism-industrial complex. By way of a case study, the second part of the chapter analyzes a remarkable transnational network that has organically grown and aims at creating sustainable small-scale tourism projects worldwide. Focusing on the network’s unique combination of for-profit and non-profit activities in Belgium, Indonesia, and Tanzania, I assess the degree to which they are examples of ‘successful tourism’. The examples show that sustainable tourism development takes vision, planning, and a lot of work and dedication to assure that projects that were successful at one stage remain so in the near future.

Imagineering tailor-made pasts for nation-building and tourism: A comparative perspective

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2010. Imagineering tailor-made pasts for nation-building and tourism: A comparative perspective. In J. Schlehe, M. Uike-Bormann, C. Oesterle & W. Hochbruck (Eds.), Staging the past: Themed environments in transcultural perspectives (pp. 77-93). Bielefeld: Transcript.

Imagineering cultural heritage for local-to-global audiences

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2011. Imagineering cultural heritage for local-to-global audiences. In A. van Stipriaan, P. van Ulzen & M. Halbertsma (Eds.), The heritage theatre (pp. 49-72). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

From local to global (and back): Towards glocal ethnographies of cultural tourism

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2010. From local to global (and back): Towards glocal ethnographies of cultural tourism. In G. Richards & W. Munsters (Eds.), Cultural tourism research methods (pp. 188-198). Wallingford: CABI.

Researching cultural tourism, covering the gamut from global standards of hospitality to dyadic host-guest... more Researching cultural tourism, covering the gamut from global standards of hospitality to dyadic host-guest interactions, is a fascinating but challenging endeavour. Since travel-for-leisure is a multi-layered phenomenon, many studies fail to understand and explain it adequately. Using a research project in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as an example, I demonstrate how a “glocal ethnography” approach helps to capture the details of the local cultural tourism scene while at the same time it pays attention to how that lived reality is firmly embedded in and continuously interacting with supralocal processes. Cultural tourism offers many possibilities for glocal ethnographies, especially where international tourists meet local manufacturers, retailers, and service providers in the production, representation, and consumption of glocalized tourism goods and services. I illustrate the potential as well as weaknesses of the methodology with ethnographic examples on cultural tour guiding. For those researchers wanting to conduct in-depth studies, glocal ethnography offers a valuable innovative methodology. By engaging in a genuine holistic approach, tourism scholars have a great opportunity to take the lead, thereby demystifying the common stereotype that all they are able to do is applied quantitative research.

To Localize or to Standardize on the Web: Empirical Evidence from Italy, India, Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland

by Olivier Furrer

Nitish Singh, Olivier Furrer, Massimiliano Ostinelli
Multinational Business Review
Vol. 12, Iss: 1, 2004, pp. 69-88

With the growth of worldwide e-commerce, companies are increasingly targeting foreign online consumers. However, there... more With the growth of worldwide e-commerce, companies are increasingly targeting foreign online consumers. However, there is a dearth of evidence as to whether global consumers prefer to browse and buy from standardized global web sites or web sites adapted to their local cultures. This study provides evidence from five different countries as to whether global consumers prefer local web content or standardized web content. The study also measures how the degree of cultural adaptation on the web affects consumer perception of site effectiveness.

Java-Sinhala Localization to Improve Computer Literacy in Sri Lanka

by Buddhika Laknath

Co-authored with D. Dissanayake, S.M. Shermila, D. Heenatigala, M.F.M. Zameer, Prof G. Dias

Computer users all over the world have come to
expect their software to “talk” to them in their own language.more Computer users all over the world have come to
expect their software to “talk” to them in their own language.
In order to fulfill this requirement for different users across
the globe, internationalization & localization render a great
service. In short, Localization (L10N) is the process of
adapting a product (a software in this case), to a specific
locale such as to its language, standards and cultural norms as
well as to the needs and expectations of a specific target
market.

But in the context of Java there is very little support for
Sinhala or Tamil while there is wide support for most
European languages which is a boost for software engineers in
those countries to write software in native languages or in a
manner that supports both English and their mother tongue.

Therefore our approach was to introduce a localized
application framework extension in Sinhala, which can be
integrated with the java platform to create GUI applications,
so that developers can utilize the framework in order to
develop customized/localized applications to serve the local
community in Sinhala.

Open Source Sinhala Dictionary Toolkit

by Buddhika Laknath

Lim, C.P., Tay, L.Y., & Hedberg, J.G. (2011). Employing an activity-theoretical perspective to localize an education innovation in an elementary school. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 44(3), 315-340.

by Cher Ping LIM

Two grade five classes (11-12-year-olds) were introduced through an inquiry-based pedagogy to scientific ideas and... more Two grade five classes (11-12-year-olds) were introduced through an inquiry-based pedagogy to scientific ideas and concepts within a 3D game-like multi-user virtual environment (MUVE). This paper explores how a particular set of strategies and conditions might encourage and sustain the use of the MUVE, Quest Atlantis (QA), as a problem-based learning environment. Through commitment of the teachers, and their support through professional development, on-going technical assistance, and as they approached learning tasks students’ orientation and scaffolding. Ensuring the appropriateness of the technology access, and structure of the curriculum required time-table planning. These factors predict the likely survival of an education innovation in the school and the possibility of scaled up for more widely-used pedagogical practice.

Inferring Functional Localization From Neurological Evidence

by Barbara Von Eckardt

Ctr1 is an apical copper transporter in mammalian intestinal epithelial cells in vivo that is controlled at the level of protein stability

by Yasuhiro Nose

THEJOURNALOFBIOLOGICALCHEMISTRY VOL.285,NO.42,pp.32385–32392,October15,2010

Copper is an essential trace element that functions in a diverse array of biochemical processes that include... more Copper is an essential trace element that functions in a diverse array of biochemical processes that include mitochondrial res- piration, neurotransmitter biogenesis, connective tissue matu- ration, and reactive oxygen chemistry. The Ctr1 protein is a high-affinity Cu􏰁 importer that is structurally and functionally conserved in yeast, plants, fruit flies, and humans and that, in all of these organisms, is localized to the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. Although intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of Ctr1 in mice demonstrated a critical role for Ctr1 in dietary copper absorption, some controversy exists over the localization of Ctr1 in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. In this work, we assess the localization of Ctr1 in intestinal epithelial cells through two independent mechanisms. Using immunohis- tochemistry, we demonstrate that Ctr1 localizes to the apical membrane in intestinal epithelial cells of the mouse, rat, and pig. Moreover, biotinylation of intestinal luminal proteins from mice fed a control or a copper-deficient diet showed elevated levels of both total and apical membrane Ctr1 protein in response to transient dietary copper limitation. Experiments in cultured HEK293T cells demonstrated that alterations in the levels of the glycosylated form of Ctr1 in response to copper availability were a time-dependent, copper-specific posttransla- tional response. Taken together, these results demonstrate api- cal localization of Ctr1 in intestinal epithelia across three mammalian species and suggest that increased Ctr1 apical local- ization in response to dietary copper limitation may represent an adaptive response to homeostatically modulate Ctr1 avail- ability at the site of intestinal copper absorption.