Lichens

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF LICHEN TO LAND USE AND C-N LOAD

by Himanshu Rai

Symposium Proccedings:
Neha Karakoti, Himanshu Rai, Komal K. Ingle, Roshni Khare, D.K.Upreti (2011), PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF LICHEN TO LAND USE AND C-N LOAD, National Conference on Biotechnology & Biodiversity "Biological Resources Conservation, Management & Sustainable Uses" 13th & 14th March 2012 at Govt. M.S. Golwalkar College, Rewa (M.P.) India

Lichenometric studies in Gangotri glacier region (Bhagirathi valley): An insight into the disturbed geomorphology of the area

by Himanshu Rai

Symposium Proccedings:
Himanshu Rai, Rajan K. Gupta, Dalip K. Upreti (2011), Lichenometric studies in Gangotri glacier region (Bhagirathi valley): An insight into the disturbed geomorphology of the area. Proceedings of 6th Uttarakhand State Science and Technology Congress. pp 98.

Tıp Tarihinde Likenlerle Tedavi

by Mustafa Yavuz

Lichens in the History of Turkish Medicine
Lichens are the symbiotic organisms producing unique secondary... more Lichens in the History of Turkish Medicine
Lichens are the symbiotic organisms producing unique secondary compounds that provide medicinal benefits. The purpose of this study is to determine the use of lichens in the history of Turkish medicine. Lichens have been given several Turkish names such as liverworts, stone mosses, tree moss or oak moss all referring to lichens and sometimes used instead of each other. In old medical literature, some Arabic words such as “hazaz”, “şeyb” and “uşne” have been met referring to the word “lichen”. The etymological view of these words and the manner of uses in the history of Turkish Medicine, particularly in the written works of Ebubekir Zekeriya Razi (Rhazes) and İbn-i Sina (Avicenna) were investigated. The old and new editions of El Kanun fi’t-Tıbb; the hand-written copies (manuscripts) in Süleymaniye Library, the printed editions, translated editions of Ottoman and Turkish (today) language were examined comparatively. In five different sections of El Kanun fi’t-Tıbb, various uses of lichens were reached under the name of “uşne” and “oak moss” separately or together.

Diversity of lichens along altitudinal and land use gradients in the Trans Himalayan cold desert of Ladak

by Himanshu Rai

Authors:
Jatinder Kumar, Roshni Khare, Himanshu Rai, D. K. Upreti, A. Tayade, S. Hota, O. P. Chaurasia, R. B. Srivastava
Citation:
Jatinder Kumar, Roshni Khare, Himanshu Rai, D. K. Upreti, A. Tayade, S. Hota, O. P. Chaurasia, R. B. Srivastava. Diversity of lichens along altitudinal and land use gradients in the Trans Himalayan cold desert of Ladakh. Nature and Science 2012;10(4):1-9. (ISSN: 1545-0740

Abstract:

Lichen communities growing on rocks and soil forms a major constituent of biodiversity in high... more Abstract:

Lichen communities growing on rocks and soil forms a major constituent of biodiversity in high altitude Himalayan habitats. An intensive survey in different localities in three major sites in and around Leh in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir state, India, revealed the occurrence of 38 species of lichens. The crustose growth form of lichens belonging to the family Physciaceae exhibited their dominance in the area. Apart from temperature and altitude, land use pattern also influenced the species composition up to a greater extant

Epiphytic lichens as indicator of land-use pattern and forest harvesting in a community forest in west Nepal

by Himanshu Rai

Coauthored With:

Pramod Nag, Dalip Kumar Upreti, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Rajan Kumar Gupta

Human inhabitance and agriculture have fundamentally altered global pattern of biodiversity and ecosystem processes.... more Human inhabitance and agriculture have fundamentally altered global pattern of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Therefore, integration of community-based approach is an effective conservation strategy. Community forestry is an important community-based approach, which can help in conserving local ecological assets in a sustainable manner. Lichens are known to be more sensitive indicators of ecosystem functions and disturbances than any other cryptogam and vascular plant community. Present study reports a preliminary assessment of epiphytic lichens in a community forest in Dadeldhura district, west Nepal, in order to identify potential indicator of forest health and land-use pattern. Epiphytic (corticolous) lichens were sampled from ten land-use units (LUU), using narrow frequency grids of 10 cm × 50 cm, each divided into five sampling units of 10 cm × 10 cm, on the bark of selected tree species. Quercus leucotrichophora was the dominant phorophyte followed by Pinus roxburghii, Rhododendron arboreum and Myrica esculenta. Foliose parmeloid (Parmotrema spp., Heterodermia spp., Hypotrachyna spp., Bulbothrix spp., Canoparmelia spp., Canomaculina spp.) was the most abundant lichen group, found inhabiting all the phorophytes followed by crustose, fruticose and dimorphic growth forms. Maximum diversity of parmeloid lichens was recorded on older stand of Quercus while younger stands usually harbored crustose lichens (e.g., Lecanora spp., Basidia spp.). Though the lichen diversity increased from outer fringes of the forest to the core, the vegetation stand age was not distributed in any consistent pattern suggesting unconstrained harvesting of the forest. Lichen diversity was found constrained by phorophyte determinants (stand age, aspect, and bark properties) and community harvesting of the forest

Terricolous lichens as indicator of anthropogenic disturbances in a high altitude grassland in Garhwal (Western Himalaya), India

by Himanshu Rai

Rai, Himanshu, Roshni Khare, Rajan Kumar Gupta, & Dalip Kumar Upreti(2011). "Terricolous lichens as indicator of anthropogenic disturbances in a high altitude grassland in Garhwal (Western Himalaya), India." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science,8 : 16-23.

Lichens are known to be more sensitive indicators of ecosystem functioning and disturbances than any other cryptogams... more Lichens are known to be more sensitive indicators of ecosystem functioning and disturbances than any other cryptogams and vascular plant communities. Himalayan habitats, despite their stressed climates, harbor some of the unique biodiversity of the region, vital for overall ecosystem functioning and stability. Lichens, due to their desiccation tolerance, are able to survive in high altitude habitats and evolved into diverse categories and functional groups. Present study examines the terricolous lichen community in Chopta-Tungnath temperate alpine grassland of Garhwal Himalaya, in order to identify potential elements (species/growth form) as indicator of anthropogenic disturbances. Terricolous lichens were sampled from twelve sites distributed in three stratified macrohabitats, along increasing altitudinal gradient. A total of twenty soil lichen species belonging to ten genera, six families and four morphological groups (i.e. leprose, foliose, dimorphic and fruticose) were identified. Terricolous lichen diversity was negatively correlated (r = 0.70; p<0.05) with altitude. Among the four growth forms, fruticose growth form was indicator of grazing disturbance, distinguishing low grazed high altitude (3400- 4001 m asl) areas with highly grazed low altitude (2700-3000 m asl) to mid altitude (3000-3400 m asl) areas. Terricolous lichen diversity in the study area was found constrained by vascular plants at lower altitudes, humanrelated impacts (tourism and livestock grazing induced trampling) at mid-altitudes and habitat characteristics(low soil cover) at higher altitudes.

Assessment of antifungal activity of himalayan foliose lichens

by Priti Pandey

In vitro antifungal activity of the acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of four lichen species viz, Bulbothirx... more In vitro antifungal activity of the acetone, methanol and chloroform extracts of four lichen species viz, Bulbothirx setschwanensis, Everniastrum nepalense, Heterodermia diademata, Parmelaria thomsonii were investigated against seven plant pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. roseum and Penicillium citrinum) with reference to commercially available synthetic antifungal drug Ketoconazole (positive control). Lichen secondary metabolites were extracted using Soxhlet extractor and were further recovered through gentle evaporation of solvents in rotatory evaporator. Antifungal activity was analysed employing BauerKirby disc diffusion assay. Acetone and methanol extracts of lichenized fungi were found more effective against tested plant pathogenic fungi. Principal component analysis concluded that though, Ketoconazole was effective against four of the tested plant pathogenic fungi, acetone and methanol extracts of lichens were comparatively more effective against some broad spectrum plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. roseum).

Isolation affects tree‐scale epiphytic lichen community structure on New Zealand mountain beech trees

by Hannah Buckley

Question: Is epiphytic lichen community structure significantly affected by isolation from source community?
more Question: Is epiphytic lichen community structure significantly affected by isolation from source community?

Location: Foothills of the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand.

Methods: Epiphytic lichen richness and environmental variables were measured on 382, young Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole (mountain beech) trees that had recently colonized grassland adjacent to a forest remnant. Richness and the presence of individual lichen taxa were modelled as a function of isolation from the forest fragment, tree size and other habitat conditions.

Results: Richness of epiphytic lichen communities was negatively related to tree isolation, although this effect was much smaller than the effects of tree size and other local (tree-scale) habitat conditions. Different lichen taxa responded in different ways to isolation, area effects and local habitat conditions.

Conclusions: This study shows that many epiphytic lichens on mountain beech are limited in their ability to colonize new substrate, even over distances of less than 1 km, which may be due to limitation in dispersal and/or establishment. Lichens are greatly influenced by local habitat conditions, such as tree size, and in this particular environment their negative interaction with sooty moulds is an important driver of community structure.

Additions to the lichen flora of Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu

by Siljo Joseph

Siljo Joseph, Sanjeeva Nayaka & V.S. Ramachandran. 2011. Additions to the lichen flora of Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu. ENVIS Newsletter 16(1): 6

Two species of corticolous Opegrapha Ach. (lichenized Ascomycota) new to India

by Siljo Joseph

Siljo Joseph & G. P. Sinha. 2011. Two species of corticolous Opegrapha Ach. (lichenized Ascomycota) new to India. Geophytology 40 (1-2): 83 - 86

Diversity and distribution of terricolous lichens as indicator of habitat heterogeneity and grazing induced trampling in a temperate-alpine shrub and meadow

by Lichenology in India

Himanshu Rai , D.K.Upreti , R.K. Gupta (2012). Diversity and distribution of terricolous lichens as indicator of habitat heterogeneity and grazing induced trampling in a temperate-alpine shrub and meadow. Biodiversity and Conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21:97–113,  DOI 10.1007/ s10531-011-0168-z.

Lichens are among the most sensitive biomonitors of ecosystem health and human induced disturbances. Terricolous... more Lichens are among the most sensitive biomonitors of ecosystem health and human induced disturbances. Terricolous lichens of Chopta–Tungnath (Garhwal, western Himalaya, India) were analysed for their ability to indicate habitat variability and disturbances induced by livestock grazing. Terricolous lichens were sampled from 12 sites, distributed across the three macrohabitats between 2,700 and 4,001 m, using 50 × 10 cm narrow frequency grids having five 10 × 10 cm sampling units. The terricolous lichen community of the area constituted, 20 species belonging to 10 genera, five families and four growth forms. Altitude and relative humidity were the major habitat factors found influencing the terricolous lichen community of the landscape. Fruticose and compound soil lichen growth forms were found indicative of habitat disturbance largely caused by grazing induced trampling. Terricolous lichen diversity of the area was delimited by grazing pressure at mid-altitudes (3,000–3,400 m) and by decreasing soil cover at higher altitudes (>3,400 m).

Lichens: A Valuable Bioresource for Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Development

by Lichenology in India

The Most Ancient Terrestrial Lichen Winfrenatia reticulata : A New Find and New Interpretation

by SERGEY VIKULIN

Winfrenatia is the oldest known terrestrial lichen,[1] known from the lower Devonian Rhynie Chert.
It comprises comprises a thallus, made of layered, aseptate hyphae, with a number of depressions on its top surface. Each depression contains a net of hyphae holding a sheathed cyanobacterium. The fungus appears to be related to the Zygomycetes, and the photobiont resembles the coccoid Gloeocapsa and Chroococcidiopsis.[2] There may be two separate algae, making the lichen a symbiosis of three organisms.[1]
=

[1] Karatygin, I. V.; Snigirevskaya, N. S.; Vikulin, S. V. (2009). "The most ancient terrestrial lichen Winfrenatia reticulata: A new find and new interpretation". Paleontological Journal 43: 107. doi:10.1134/S0031030109010110.
[2]Taylor, T. N.; Hass, H.; Kerp, H. (1 July 1997). "A Cyanolichen from the Lower Devonian Rhynie Chert". American Journal of Botany 84 (7): 992. doi:10.2307/2446290. ISSN 00029122. edit
Karatygin, I. V.; Snigirevskaya, N. S.; Vikulin, S. V. (2009). "The most ancient terrestrial lichen Winfrenatia reticulata: A new find and new interpretation". Paleontological Journal 43: 107.
Taylor, T. N.; Hass, H.; Kerp, H. (1 July 1997). "A Cyanolichen from the Lower Devonian Rhynie Chert". American Journal of

(english)
I. V. Karatygin, N. S. Snigirevskaya, and S. V. Vikulin
Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian... more (english)
I. V. Karatygin, N. S. Snigirevskaya, and S. V. Vikulin
Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Professora Popova 2, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia

Silicified fossils from Rhynie cherts in Scotland are studied. A lichen belonging to the genus Winfrenatia is detected and studied. This oldest terrestrial lichen is dated to the Pragian (=Siegenian) of the Early Devonian. New characters of the lichen are described, and their new interpretation is given. The main component of the lichen thallus is a filamentous cyanobacterium (Nostocales). Structures which were interpreted as fungal hyphae are probably hollow sheaths of this cyanobacterium. Mycobiont hyphae develop at the base of the thallus and symbiose with a coccoid cyanobacterium. Thus, Winfrenatia reticulata is a three-parted organism, constituted of a mycobiont and filamentous and coccoid cyanobacteria.

Nitrogen isotope analyses of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), 45,000 BP to 9,000 BP: Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

by Rhiannon Stevens

Türk Halk Tıbbında Likenler ve İlgili Terimlerin Etimolojisi.

by Mustafa Yavuz

Yavuz M. & Yavuz S. (2009). Türk Halk Tıbbında Likenler ve İlgili Terimlerin Etimolojisi. Türk Liken Topluluğu Bülteni 7:24–28

Bu çalışmada Liken, Yosun, Duvale, Hazaz ve Şeyb kelimelerinin anlamlan incelenmiştir. Bir elyazması tıp kitabından ve... more Bu çalışmada Liken, Yosun, Duvale, Hazaz ve Şeyb kelimelerinin anlamlan incelenmiştir. Bir elyazması tıp kitabından ve iki matbaa baskısı botanik kitabından örnekler verilmiştir. Türk halk tıbbında geçen Hazaz el-Sahr kelimesinin saksikol ve kabuksu likenlere, Şeyb et'ül Acûz'un ise açık renkli yapraksı likenlere verilmiş isimler olduğu bulunmuştur.

Etymology of Lichens and Related Terms in Turkish Folkloric Medicine
In this study, etymology of some terms used to describe lichens for instance "Liken", "Yosun", "Duvale", "Hazaz" and "Şeyb" were examined. Samples from one handwritten medicine manuscript and two press botanical books were given. it is found that, Hazaz el-Sahr had been used in order to describe saxicolous and crustose lichen species while Şeybet'ül Acûz for light-coloured foliose lichen species, in Turkish Folkloric Medicine.

Lichen Records from Dobrogea, Romania

by Mustafa Yavuz

Yavuz M. & Çobanoğlu G. (2008). Lichen Records from Dobrogea, Romania. Muzeul Olteniei Craiova. Oltenia. Studii şi comunicări. Ştiinţele Naturii, XXIV: 17-21. ISSN 1454-6914

In this study, a list of 50 lichen taxa from Dobrogea Region of Romania is reported after a supplementary workshop and... more In this study, a list of 50 lichen taxa from Dobrogea Region of Romania is reported after a supplementary workshop and a beneficial result of Socrates Comenius Project Meeting organised by Palatul Copiilor Constanta. Two species, Catapyrenium squamulosum (ACH.) BREUSS and Physconia perisidiosa (ERICHSEN) MOBERG are new records for Romania. Forty-eight speciesare new records for Constanta and twenty-three species, for Tulcea provinces.

În acest studiu, este prezentată o listă cu 50 taxoni de licheni, întalniţi în provincia Dobrogea din România, ca rezultat al unui workshop suplimentar şi al rezultatului benefic în urma întâlnirii în cadrul Proiectului Comenius Socrates, organizat la palatul Copiilor din Constanîa. Două specii, Catapyrenium squamulosum (ARCH.) BREUSS şi Physconia perisiudiosa (ERICHSEN) MOBERG, sunt semnalate pentru prima dată în România. Patruzeci şi opt specii sunt semnalate pentru prima dată pentru judeţul Constanţa, iar douăzeci şi trei specii pentru judeţul Tulcea.

Additional and new lichen records from Cozia National Park, Romania

by Mustafa Yavuz

Biodiversity, Romania, Mustafa, Irina, Cozia, Lichens, Gülşah, Iulian, Lichenized fungi, National Park

A list of 115 lichen taxa from Cozia National Park includes 8 new records for the mycota of Romania and 77 taxa new... more A list of 115 lichen taxa from Cozia National Park includes 8 new records for the mycota of Romania and 77 taxa new for Cozia. Distribution and substrata are summarized, and the complete annotated species list is posted at

http://www.mycotaxon.
com/resources/weblists.html

ChemInform Abstract: Novel Entry into 5‐Decarboxydibenzofurans via Smiles Rearrangement of the Lichen para‐Depside, Erythrin.

by Vinitha M. Thadhani