LSP Translation

Translating the Spanish Economic discourse of the crisis: dealing with the inevitability of English loanwords

by Ángela Almela

Co-authored with Mª Ángeles Orts Llopis. Published in the International Journal of English Studies (IJES).

Our current study aims at analysing and describing the plethora of English loans in the Spanish discourse of economy... more Our current study aims at analysing and describing the plethora of English loans in the Spanish discourse of economy -in the shape of direct or indirect borrowings- as a result of the swift changes taking place in the course of the present Global Systemic Crisis. The need for precision and accurateness in the deployment of technical terms, or terms of art, in the Spanish discourse of Economics has triggered our scrutiny of an ad hoc corpus of economic news-items from a range of digital periodicals in the field of finance and economics. With the aid of three financial bilingual glossaries intended for the specialized Spanish-speaking community, and the deployment of a specific taxonomy on linguistic incorporations, we have developed a system of lexical selection, reuniting, analyzing and explaining a representative group of real data illustrating, somehow, the neologistic borrowing process during the above-mentioned financial havoc. Further, our study attempts to enlighten and facilitate the translator’s task when dealing with the economic language in Spanish and the English loans incorporated just before, during, and after the critical period under scrutiny.

Traduzione specializzata: trasferimento e ristrutturazione indiretti nel modello traduttivo in tre fasi

by Roberto Bertozzi

“Traduttologia”, 5 (2000), pp. 9-29

Analisi testuale e didattica della traduzione specializzata

by Roberto Bertozzi

“Traduttologia”, I (2005), pp. 13-34

Traduzione specializzata: riflessioni e proposte

by Roberto Bertozzi

“Itinerari”, 1 (2006), pp. 63-72

La corrispondenza imperfetta. Riflessioni sulla traduzione letteraria e la traduzione specializzata

by Barbara Delli Castelli

«Traduttologia», III 5-6 (2007-2008), pp. 133-152

Translation of Multilingual EU Legislation as a Sub-genre of Legal Translation

by Lucja Biel

published in 2007 in "Court Interpreting and Legal Translation in the Enlarged Europe 2006"

Incongruity of Company Law Terms Categorization of Polish Business Entities and their English Equivalents

by Lucja Biel

published in Translation Journal in 2006

Memorandum of Association: Terminologia związana z zawiązaniem i rejestracją spółki company limited by shares

by Lucja Biel

published in Lingua Legis 2008

The article discusses the basic terminology connected with formation and incorporation of companies limited by shares... more The article discusses the basic terminology connected with formation and incorporation of companies limited by shares in the United Kingdom. The main focus is placed on the Memorandum of Association and changes in its prescribed content and status under the new Companies Act 2006, i.e. the so-called new-style Memorandum. The semantic field of the Memorandum is described with reference to the complementary document, Articles of Association, as well as two parallel Polish documents umowa sp. z o.o. and statut S.A. The remaining part of the article examines registration terminology and major terms of the old-style Memorandum, including company name, objects, registered office, subscriber, and promoter.

Organization of background knowledge structures in legal language and related translation problems

by Lucja Biel

The paper examines the organization of background knowledge structures in legal language and related incongruities of... more The paper examines the organization of background knowledge structures in legal language and related incongruities of legal terms. The cognitive linguistics methodology, in particular its findings on the nature of meaning, is applied. Terms serve as prompts with a semantic potential to activate various levels of knowledge structures, such as domains, scripts, scenarios, cognitive models and frames. In most cases organization of knowledge will differ in the SL and TL. The final part analyses translation strategies and techniques in terms of their potential to activate relevant knowledge

Terminologia polskiego, angielskiego i amerykańskiego prawa spółek: organy spółki

by Lucja Biel

published in Lingua Legis 2009

The paper discusses major terminology connected with governing bodies in Polish, UK and US companies. The analysis is... more The paper discusses major terminology connected with governing bodies in Polish, UK and US companies. The analysis is based on the Polish Code of Commercial Partnerships and Companies, the UK’s Companies Act 2006, and the US Revised Model Business Corporation Act and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. First, types of members of the company/corporation and general meetings are discussed. The real difficulty lies in the Polish terminological distinction between the general meetings in private and in public companies (zgromadzenie wspólników v walne zgromadzenie), which leads to the question whether it should be maintained when translating such terms into English. It is argued that it should not, as in the case of other related pairs udziały/akcje and wspólnik/akcjonariusz. Next corporate governance systems are examined: the US and UK company law applies the one-tier system with the unitary board (board of directors) while the Polish company law applies the two-tier system with the dual board (zarząd and rada nadzorcza). These conceptual distinctions underlie the incongruity of terms connected with the governing bodies.

Analiza porównawcza nazw spółek w prawie polskim, angielskim i amerykańskim w wybranych słownikach

by Lucja Biel

pre-print version of the paper published in Lingua Legis 15 (2007)

The article analyses the names of business entities formed under Polish, English and US law. Polish organizations are... more The article analyses the names of business entities formed under Polish, English and US law. Polish organizations are formed under commercial or civil law and are grouped in one semantic field spółka. English and US law makes a sharp distinction between partnerships and companies/corporations and does not have a single superordinate term corresponding to spółka. The three English translations of the Polish Code of Commercial Partnerships and Companies use the same English equivalents of the Polish entities, creating the SL-oriented authoritative terminology. It is rather unproblematic to find equivalents of English and US partnerships in Polish due to a relatively high degree of congruity between the concepts. On the other hand, companies/corporations pose more translation problems due to the finer categorization of these entities in English and US law, based on different criteria. Furthermore, it is shown that the Polish dictionaries covered by the analysis contain some errors and do not list some standard partnerships and companies/corporations (in particular US entities seem to be underrepresented).

Corpus-Based Studies of Legal Language for Translation Purposes

by Lucja Biel

The paper discusses potential applications of corpus-based methodologies to legal language studies, the focus being... more The paper discusses potential applications of corpus-based methodologies to legal language studies, the focus being placed on their implications for translation research and translator training. Corpus-based studies have been applied to translation since the 90ties; prior research tended to exclude translations as a nonrepresentative language. However, relatively few current projects concentrate on legal translation
specifically. Corpus-based methodologies analyse authentic data and language in use. They help to eliminate the speculative element and to verify research hypotheses on a larger scale. Their major contribution seems to be the possibility to improve the naturalness of translation. They may be applied to analyse the translationese against the non-translated language and, in consequence, to identify interferences from the source language. A substantial deal of research is devoted to the so-called translation universals, that is ‘universal features of translation’ (Baker 1993: 243) independent of specific language pairs, i.e. explicitation; simplification, disambiguation; normalisation or conservatism; leveling-out; and over- and underrepresentation of SL or TL elements, including untypical distribution of collocations. It will be argued that some of these hypotheses require further analysis in the context of legal translation. For example, how does the tendency to disambiguate relate to strategic ambiguities and purposeful flexibility of legal language (vagueness)? Is the tendency of explicitation and sanitation not in conflict with the high accuracy requirement in legal translation? And more generally, how does the untypical distribution of TL elements impact the naturalness of translation? It seems that corpus-based studies is a promising
methodology that may open up new perspectives on legal language and translation.

Legal terminology in translation practice: dictionaries, googling or discussion forums?

by Lucja Biel

published in SKASE Journal of Translation and Interpretation, 2008

The article discusses terminology mining on a small scale as used by legal freelance translators in practice, and... more The article discusses terminology mining on a small scale as used by legal freelance translators in practice, and recent developments in this area. Major properties of legal
terms are discussed from the Cognitive Linguistics perspective where terms are seen as prompts that activate background knowledge structures. Next various resources are presented, including the most traditional ones, i.e. dictionaries, to more recent online and electronic resources such as googling, and discussion forums. Their major advantage is reduction of search time, increased functionality of translation and insight into how other translators have tackled a similar terminological problem before (established
equivalents).

Traslation Patterns of English Terms Into Spanish

by Maria Luisa Carrio Pastor

"Comment c'est fait": didactique et traduction entre texte et images

by Mario Marcon

Co-authored with Floriana Lavermicocca. In print.

Résumé
Le présent article relève de la didactique des langues et de la traduction. Le lien entre ces disciplines... more Résumé
Le présent article relève de la didactique des langues et de la traduction. Le lien entre ces disciplines se fait évident surtout dans un parcours de formation universitaire en traduction spécialisée, où le transfert d’une langue à l’autre se fait aussi par un apprentissage continu des connaissances encyclopédiques et par l’emploi d’outils informatiques. À ce propos, nous illustrons une étude pilote menée dans deux groupes d’étudiants en traduction spécialisée (français-italien). À l’aide des ressources du Web 2.0, nous évaluons l’efficacité du support audiovisuel lors du processus traductif. Nos résultats témoignent la réaction globalement positive de la part des apprenants, qui encourage le recours à cette technique dans les cours de traduction.

Mots clés : didactique des langues, multimédia, traduction spécialisée, Web 2.0


Resumen
Este artículo es muestra de la didáctica de las lenguas y de la traducción. El vínculo entre estas disciplinas es patente, sobre todo dentro del curso de formación universitaria en traducción especializada, en el que la transferencia de una lengua a otra se hace también por un aprendizaje continuo de los conocimientos enciclopédicos y por la utilización de los útiles informáticos. Respecto a eso, ilustramos aquí un estudio piloto llevado a cabo en dos grupos de estudiantes traductores (francés-italiano) con el fin de evaluar la eficacia del soporte audiovisual en el proceso de traducción especializada con la ayuda de los recursos de la Web 2.0.

Palabras clave: didáctica de las lenguas, multimedia, traducción especializada, Web 2.0


Abstract
The present paper focuses on language teaching and translation. The link between these two disciplines is made clear mainly for training specialized translators in which the interlingual transfer should be supported by an encyclopedic lifelong learning as well as by IT technologies. On this subject, we present a pilot study carried out with two groups of students learning French-Italian specialized translation. By using Web 2.0 resources, we assess the effectiveness of audiovisual aids during the specialized translation process. The findings obtained show a global positive response from our learners, thus motivating us for further experiments. The technique presented could be a part of traditional translation lessons.

Keywords: multimedia, specialized translation, language teaching, Web 2.0

Tıp Terminolojisi ve Tıp Metinleri Çevirisi (Kitap Tanıtımı)

by Sinem Canim

Book review (Kitap tanıtımı)

Translating Law into a Dictionary: A Terminographic Model

by Weronika Szemińska

Research in Language, 2011, Vol. 9 No. 1, 177-186

The purpose of this paper is to present a model dictionary which could serve as a tool for professional translators of... more The purpose of this paper is to present a model dictionary which could serve as a tool for professional translators of legal texts.
Firstly, the methodological approach which was adopted in order to create the model is delineated. It is based on the combined specialist knowledge of three disciplines, namely terminography, translation studies and law. Subsequently, the notion of the translation dictionary as a separate type of terminological dictionary is presented, with particular emphasis on the unit of translation and translation equivalence. The following part of the paper characterises translation of legal texts and its implications concerning the needs of the translator as well as the role of the dictionary in the translation process. Finally, the paper proposes a model dictionary, constructed according to the methodological rules determined at the beginning and in the light of the conclusions drawn from the preceding analysis. The description of the model is illustrated by sample entries, exemplifying particular solutions.