Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (Computer Science)

Misyurov D.A. Dialectical formulas based on the binary notation as the development formulas // Credo New. 2012. №2

by Dmitry Misyurov

The article suggests dialectical formulas based on the binary notation as the development formulas: formula with... more The article suggests dialectical formulas based on the binary notation as the development formulas: formula with dominant and the non-dominant elements; universal formula; formula with symbolic weight of elements; tautological formula. For example, it suggests an opportunity to use the dialectical formulas for modeling and artificial intelligence creation, etc.

El concepto de representacion en la filosofia de Hegel

by Hector Ferreiro

En: Escritos de Filosofía, Buenos Aires, 35-36, 1999, págs. 99-130.

Schroyens, W., Braem, S. (2010). The initial representation in reasoning towards an interpretation of conditional sentences. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology .64 (2), 339-362.

by Walter Schroyens

Utilización de estructuras verbales en la identificación de relaciones y descriptores en tesauros

by Jorge Morato

LiquidPublications and its technical and legal challenges

by Judith Simon

Co-authored with: N. Osman, C. Sierra, J. Sabater-Mir, J.R. Wakeling, G. Origgi, R. Casati, published in: Bourcier, D. , Casanovas, P., Dulong de Rosnay, M., Maracke, C.: Intelligent Multimedia: Managing Creative Works in a Digital World, Florence: European Publishing Academic Press. Here is the link to the complete book: http://creativecommons.fr/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/CCiBook_printedversion_IntelligentMultimedia1.pdf

This paper proposes a new paradigm for dealing with scienti c knowledge in general, and publications in particular.... more This paper proposes a new paradigm for dealing with scientic knowledge in general, and publications in particular. The paradigm aims at changing the way in which knowledge is produced, disseminated, evaluated, and consumed.
A formal model is proposed and the issues of credit attribution, copyrights and licensing, which are crucial for the success of any new model, are addressed.

L. Magnani (2006). Multimodal abduction. External semiotic anchors and hybrid representations

by Lorenzo Magnani

Logic Journal of the IGPL 14(2): 107-136.

Our brains make up a series of signs and are engaged in making or manifesting or reacting to a series of signs:... more Our brains make up a series of signs and are engaged in making or manifesting or reacting to a series of signs: through this semiotic activity they are at the same time engaged in “being minds” and so in thinking intelligently. An important effect of this semiotic activity of brains is a continuous process of “externalization of the mind” that exhibits a new cognitive perspective on the mechanisms underling the semiotic emergence of abductive processes of meaning formation. To illustrate this process I will take advantage of the analysis
of some aspects of the cognitive interplay between internal and external representations. I consider this interplay critical in analyzing the relation between meaningful semiotic internal resources and devices and their dynamical interactions with the externalized semiotic materiality suitably stocked in the environment. Hence, minds are material, “extended” and artificial in themselves. A considerable part of human abductive
thinking is occurring through an activity consisting in a kind of reification in the external environment (that originates what I call semiotic anchors) and a subsequent re–projection and reinterpretation through new configurations of neural networks and chemical processes. I also illustrate how this activity takes
advantage of hybrid representations and how it can nicely account for various processes of creative and selective abduction, bringing up the question of how multimodal aspects involving a full range of sensory modalities are important in hypothetical reasoning.

SIMULER LA COMPRÉHENSION DE TEXTES: REPRÉSENTATIONS OBJETS

by Gilles Bernard

Approche structurale de la représentation sociale de la drogue: interrogations autour de la technique de mise en cause

by Lionel Dany

Quid Scio? On Cognition and Knowledge

by Sahon Bhattacharyya

Published in the proceedings of the Midwest Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Conference held at Ohio in April, 2012.

(The final paper sent to the conference had to be shortened a bit. This is the original version.)

This paper argues for and attempts to establish three major hypotheses: first, that some of the ideas behind today’s... more This paper argues for and attempts to establish three major hypotheses: first, that some of the ideas behind today’s knowledge bases in use in intelligent agents are misleading and this is because most studies tend to overlook the critical differences between the concepts of information and of knowledge, of perception and of truth; second, that knowledge acquisition (or knowledge production, as we term it) refers to the assimilation and association of disparate information according to prior knowledge and third, that all knowledge requires a context of discourse and that discourse is ultimately the source of all knowledge. In addition to arguing for these hypotheses, we also propose and make use of a rudimentary model of cognition alongside our arguments to demonstrate their validity. The afore-mentioned model is based strongly on the theories of cognition and of mind in the Sāmkhya-Yoga and Nyāya-Vaisheshika traditions of Hindu philosophy as are the hypotheses ultimately grounded in. In the course of our arguments for our third thesis, we shall conclude with definitions of thought (as being self-discourse) and sentience (as being the ability of an agent to engage in discourse with other similar agents) – terms known for being confusing and controversial to define – in terms of our idea of discourse. In general conclusion, it emerges from this ‘discursive theory of knowledge’ that realistic models of human memory and of knowledge representation can only be designed if and when the elusive line of distinction between information and knowledge is drawn correctly and that the role of discourse in cognition more significant than what is held in current lines of inquiry.

A Framework for Applying the Concept of Significant Properties to Datasets

by Simone Sacchi

Sacchi, S., Wickett, K. M., Renear, A. H., & Dubin, D. S. (2011). A Framework for Applying the Concept of Significant Properties to Datasets. Proceedings of the 74rd ASIS&T Annual Meeting. Presented at the ASIS&T Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA.

The concept of significant properties, properties that must be identified and preserved in any successful digital... more The concept of significant properties, properties that must be identified and preserved in any successful digital object preservation, is now common in data curation. Although this notion has clearly demonstrated its usefulness in cul- tural heritage domains its application to the preservation of scientific datasets is not as well developed. One obstacle to this application is that the familiar preservation models are not sufficiently explicit to identify the relevant entities, prop- erties, and relationships involved in dataset preservation. We present a logic-based formal framework of dataset concepts that provides the levels of abstraction necessary to identify and correctly assign significant properties to their appropri- ate entities. A unique feature of this model is that it recog- nizes that a typed symbol structure is a unique requirement for datasets, but not for other information objects.

Diffracting the Rays of Technoscience

by Federica Timeto

published in "Poiesis and Praxis", Springer Verlag, 8, 2011, pp. 151-167.

Modeling knowledge-based inference in story comprehension

by Stefan Frank

Frank, S.L., Koppen, M., Noordman, L.G.M., & Vonk, W. (2003). Modeling knowledge-based inference in story comprehension. Cognitive Science, 27, 875-910

A computational model of inference during story comprehension is presented, in which story situations are represented... more A computational model of inference during story comprehension is presented, in which story situations are represented distributively as points in a high-dimensional “situation-state space.” This state space organizes itself on the basis of a constructed microworld description. From the same description, causal/temporal world knowledge is extracted. The distributed representation of story situations is more flexible than Golden and Rumelhart’s (1993) localist representation.
A story taking place in the microworld corresponds to a trajectory through situation-state space. During the inference process, world knowledge is applied to the story trajectory. This results in an adjusted trajectory, reflecting the inference of propositions that are likely to be the case. Although inferences do not result from a search for coherence, they do cause story coherence to increase. The results of simulations correspond to empirical data concerning inference, reading time, and depth of
processing.
An extension of the model for simulating story retention shows how coherence is preserved during retention without controlling the retention process. Simulation results correspond to empirical data concerning story recall and intrusion.

World knowledge in computational models of discourse comprehension

by Stefan Frank

Frank, S.L., Koppen, M., Noordman, L.G.M., & Vonk, W. (2008). World knowledge in computational models of discourse comprehension. Discourse Processes, 45, 429-463

Since higher-level cognitive processes generally involve the use of world knowledge, computational models of these... more Since higher-level cognitive processes generally involve the use of world knowledge, computational models of these processes require the implementation of a knowledge base. We identify and discuss four strategies for dealing with world knowledge in computational models: disregarding world knowledge, ad hoc selection, extraction from text corpora, and implementation of all knowledge about a simplified ‘microworld’. Each of these strategies is illustrated by a detailed discussion of a model of discourse comprehension. It is argued that seemingly successful modeling results are uninformative if knowledge is implemented ad hoc or not at all; that knowledge extracted from large text corpora is not appropriate for discourse comprehension; and that a suitable implementation can be obtained by applying the microworld strategy.

Sensory load incurs conceptual processing costs

by Nicolas Vermeulen

A weighted fuzzy petri net model for knowledge learning and reasoning

by Felipe Lara Rosano

Iniciativas regionales multidisciplinarias de acceso abierto a la producción científica de América Latina y el Caribe – contribución a la investigación interdisciplinaria en las ciencias sociales

by Dominique Babini

“Iniciativas regionales multidisciplinarias de acceso abierto a la producción científica de América Latina y el Caribe – contribución a la investigación
interdisciplinaria en las ciencias sociales” (M.Dorta-Duque Ortiz – D.Babini). En: IFLA 2011-Social Science Libraries Section, Puerto Rico, 13-18 agosto.
http://conference.ifla.org/sites/default/files/files/papers/ifla77/142-ortiz-es.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/Babini/iniciativas-regionales-multidisciplinarias-de-acceso-abierto-a-la-produccin-cientfica-de-amrica-latina-y-el-caribe-contribucin-a-la-investigacin-interdisciplinaria-en-las-ciencias-sociales-11281973

Using an Inference Engine to Detect Conflicts in Collaborative Design

by Catarina Ferreira da Silva

Co-authored with Moisés Dutra, Parisa Ghodous and Ricardo Gonçalves; published in 14th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising (ICE 2008), Lisbonne, Portugal, Juin 2008. pp. 133-140. Advances in Concurrent Engineering . ISBN 978 0 85358 244 1.

Integrate multidisciplinary virtual teams in collaborative design process is a hard task to tackle with. Differences... more Integrate multidisciplinary virtual teams in collaborative design process is a hard task to tackle with. Differences of background, culture and expertise usually lead to conflicting situations. Moreover, if we consider to be working on a synchronous environment – where all designers exchange data and share information at the same time that the product design is being done – potential knowledge representation conflicts can also arise from this process. In our work we currently represent knowledge in collaborative design by using Web Ontology Language (OWL). OWL is structured to be a major formalism for the design and dissemination of ontology information. The use of OWL reasoning is intended to be a consistent way to verify the information given by several experts, trying to avoid redundancies, contradictions and misunderstood. This paper presents an approach to detect collaborative design conflicts through the use of an OWL inference engine.

Exploring Research Data Interactively. Theme One : A Program of Inquiry

by Jon Awbrey

Awbrey, J.L., and Awbrey, S.M. (August 1990), “Exploring Research Data Interactively. Theme One : A Program of Inquiry”, Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference on Applications of Artificial Intelligence and CD-ROM in Education and Training, Society for Applied Learning Technology, Washington, DC, pp. 9–15.

If computer programs were smarter, they would, like people, recognize sequences of events, form models of their... more If computer programs were smarter, they would, like people, recognize sequences of events, form models of their environment, and formulate rules based on experience.  This paper describes the development of a program designed to address the difficult computational problems involved in integrating the inductive and deductive reasoning necessary to perform such tasks.  “Theme One” is a prototype program composed of “Index”, a learning algorithm for sequential data, and “Study”, an algorithm for building logical models.  The project goal is an interactive research tool that assists students and investigators in the exploration of qualitative data using artificial intelligence.

An Architecture for Inquiry : Building Computer Platforms for Discovery

by Jon Awbrey

Awbrey, S.M., and Awbrey, J.L. (May 1991), “An Architecture for Inquiry : Building Computer Platforms for Discovery”, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Technology and Education, Toronto, Canada, pp. 874–875.

More and more we hear the complaint that the gap between research and instruction is widening and a vital sense of... more More and more we hear the complaint that the gap between research and instruction is widening and a vital sense of motivation is falling between the cracks. It is our vision that intelligent computing systems will become a partner in the reintegration of discovery and learning within the inquiry process. We will address certain issues that must be faced if computer media are to have the characteristics necessary to support this integration. The development of the computer to date has required a careful attention to the syntax and semantics of the rather limited symbol systems we have induced them to use. A capacity for communicating in multiple modalities with non-uniform communities of symbol users — for sharing in the discovery of a pluralistic universe — will demand a quantum leap in our understanding of the pragmatic dimensions of symbol use. In the future the capacity for inquiry must permeate the living architecture of the computer system. A computer program that begins to embody these ideas will be discussed.

PSpace Tableau Algorithms for Acyclic Modalized ALC.

by Vasant Honavar

Tao, J., Slutzki, G., and Honavar, V. (2011). PSpace Tableau Algorithms for Acyclic Modalized ALC. Journal of Automated Reasoning.

We study ALCKm and ALCS4m, which extend the description logic ALC by adding modal operators of the basic multi-modal... more We study ALCKm and ALCS4m, which extend the description logic ALC by adding modal operators of the basic multi-modal logics Km and S4m. We develop a sound and complete tableau algorithm ΛK for answering ALCKm queries w.r.t. an ALCKm knowledge base with an acyclic TBox. Defining tableau expansion rules in the presence of acyclic definitions by considering only the concept names on the left-hand side of TBox definitions or their negations, we are able to give a PSpace implementa- tion for ΛK. We then consider answering ALCS4m queries w.r.t. an ALCS4m knowl- edge base (with an acyclic TBox) in which the epistemic operators correspond to those of classical multi-modal logic S4m. The expansion rules in the tableau algorithm ΛS4 are designed to syntactically incorporate the epistemic properties. Blocking is corpo-rated into the tableau expansion rules to ensure termination. We also provide a PSpace implementation for ΛS4. In light of the fact that the satisfiability problem for ALCKm with general TBox and no epistemic properties (i.e., KALC) is NEXPTIME-complete, we conclude that both ALCKm and ALCS4m offer computationally manageable and practically useful fragments of KALC.