Beyond “Liberal” Female Piety or “Women Read the Qur’an Too” by Amy Levin
Originally published on the Feminism and Religion project
I’m a teacher’s assistant for an undergraduate course at New York University called, “What is Islam?” The other day in... more I’m a teacher’s assistant for an undergraduate course at New York University called, “What is Islam?” The other day in class, my professor asked the students whether or not the Qur’an is considered a “book”. Fraught with anxiety over inheriting such a problematic scholarly tradition of defining and delineating what “religion” is, I kept quiet. While my professor was aiming more for something sounding like, “a book is read, while the Qur’an is recited,” I kept thinking about the physicality and sacrality of the Qur’an (among other authoritative religious texts) and the way it is handled, revered, preserved, loved, an constantly under interpretation. It was about a week later when news broke out that U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan were guilty of burning several copies of the Qur’an on their military base, followed by an unfortunate slew of casualties including at least 30 Afghan deaths and five US soldiers.
Beyond “Liberal” Female Piety or “Women Read the Qur’an Too” by Amy Levin
Originally published on the Feminism and Religion project
I’m a teacher’s assistant for an undergraduate course at New York University called, “What is Islam?” The other day in... more I’m a teacher’s assistant for an undergraduate course at New York University called, “What is Islam?” The other day in class, my professor asked the students whether or not the Qur’an is considered a “book”. Fraught with anxiety over inheriting such a problematic scholarly tradition of defining and delineating what “religion” is, I kept quiet. While my professor was aiming more for something sounding like, “a book is read, while the Qur’an is recited,” I kept thinking about the physicality and sacrality of the Qur’an (among other authoritative religious texts) and the way it is handled, revered, preserved, loved, an constantly under interpretation. It was about a week later when news broke out that U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan were guilty of burning several copies of the Qur’an on their military base, followed by an unfortunate slew of casualties including at least 30 Afghan deaths and five US soldiers.
[review] V.S. Naipauls Islamitische Republiek
Van den Bos, M. 1997. "V.S. Naipauls Islamitische Republiek [V.S. Naipaul's Islamic Republic]." Review of Naipaul, V.S. 1997. Beyond Belief. Soera. Tijdschrift over het Midden-Oosten 5 (3/4): 60-1.
Mystiek en Gezag in Iran
Van den Bos, M. 1998. Mystiek en Gezag in Iran [Mysticism and Authority in Iran]. In Discorsi, 31 (3): 28-9.
AFC puts Iran on the spot on women’s rights
By James M. Dorsey
Iranian women soccer fans have set their hopes on the Asian Football Confederation (AFC)... more
By James M. Dorsey
Iranian women soccer fans have set their hopes on the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) to return them to the terraces after having been banned from stadiums for years to prevent them from looking at men’s bodies.
The women expect the AFC’s insistence that Iran adhere to the Asian soccer body’s standards when it hosts this fall the AFC Under-16 Championship to grant them access to matches during the tournament but would like to see that spark a permanent lifting of the ban imposed after the overthrow of the Shah in 1979.
"So far as AFC is concerned, there should be no sex discrimination regarding the presence of men and women at stadiums," AFC Director of National Team competition Shin Mangal was quoted as saying by Shiite news agency Shafaqna.
The AFC said it had received assurances from Ali Kaffashian, the head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Football Federation (IRIFF) that it would comply with AFC regulations.
The AFC quoted Mr. Kaffashian as saying at the drawing of the groups for the tournament that the IRIFF is “fully ready to follow all the requirements and instructions from AFC.” The Iranian soccer boss repeated his position in remarks to Iranian reformist newspaper Sharq.
In an editorial the newspaper said "the youth championships could create a great change in Iranian football. They are an excellent opportunity."
The IRIFF’s apparent willingness to counter Iranian policy and adhere to international standards has sparked significant domestic debate that pits conservatives against liberals.
Proponents of a permanent lifting of the ban are weakened by a power struggle within Iran’s soccer elite.
Two proponents of lifting the ban are at each other’s throats.
Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, an avid soccer fan who at times micromanages the affairs of the IRIFF and six years ago unsuccessfully attempted to lift the ban, is trying to get Mr. Kaffashian’s re-election in March as head of the Iranian soccer body annulled by the courts.
Mr. Ahmadinejad’s attorney general has argued that Mr. Kaffashian could not hold public office as a former civil servant even though that was not an issue four years ago when he was first elected with the president’s backing.
Mr. Ahmadinejad turned against Mr. Kaffashian because Iranian soccer has failed to perform internationally under his leadership. The president had hoped to shore up his tarnished image and dropping popularity by associating himself with the country’s most popular sport. For that tactic to work, he needed a soccer success that Mr. Kaffashian failed to deliver.
In effect, Mr. Kaffashian is the fall guy for the failure of successive national coaches to deliver performance even though Mr. Ahmadinejad took a direct interest in their appointment. The coaches failed to take Iran to the 2010 World Cup finals or triumph in the 2011 Asian Cup. Iran still stands a chance for qualifying for the 2014 Brazil World Cup but that will do Mr. Ahmadinejad little good after his supporters were trounced in parliamentary elections in March.
Mr. Ahamdinejad, however, also turned against Mr. Kaffashian because the soccer pitch on Mr. Kaffashian’s watch has repeatedly in Tehran and Tabriz, the capital of East Azerbaijan, has become a venue for protest against his government. The government, aware that the pitch was an important incubator of the revolt that toppled Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak and has played a role in popular revolts elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa, last year suspended soccer matches in Tehran during celebrations of the anniversary of the Islamic revolution.
While Iran is almost certain to comply with AFC rules to ensure that it does not lose the hosting of the games, more difficult will be turning the breaching of the wall into its destruction. It would not be the first time that Iran opportunistically complies with international soccer requirements only to return its discriminatory practice afterwards. Iran allowed women into the stadium during World Cup qualifiers played in the country in 2007 but maintained the ban for all other matches.
"Women looking at a man's body, even if not for the sake of gratification, is inappropriate. Furthermore, Islam insists that men and women should not mix," said Grand Ayatollah Fazel Lankarani back in 2006 when Mr. Ahmadinejad failed to get the ban lifted permanently.
Mr. Ahmadinejad’s effort was in part sparked by the fact that significant numbers of Iranian women were succeeding to circumvent the ban by sneaking into stadiums dressed as men.
The practice attracted attention when Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi won international acclaim for his documentary Offside that tells the story of a group of young girls who dress up as boys to pass through stadium gates only to be detained. A second more recent movie, Shirin Was A Canary, recounts the tale of a girl who is expelled from school for her love of soccer.
James M. Dorsey is a senior fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, author of the blog, The Turbulent World of Middle East Soccer, and a consultant to geopolitical consulting firm Wikistrat.
Down on Vali Asr: Encounters With Tehran's Street Children
Published in PBS Frontline Tehran Bureau, May 15, 2012
Originally written as a brief ethnographic account of meeting street children on Vali Asr Street in Tehran, Iran from... more Originally written as a brief ethnographic account of meeting street children on Vali Asr Street in Tehran, Iran from 2010 to 2011, this article has been edited to suit its journalistic purposes. The article is descriptive and provides a summarized account of the growing problem of street children in Tehran.
Turkey’s Nuclear Agenda: Domestic and Regional Implications
Gökhan Bacık, Sammas Salur, "Turkey’s Nuclear Agenda: Domestic and Regional Implications", Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 6, Sayı 24 (Kış), 2009
Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin nükleer enerji ilgili gündemini maddi ve maddi olmayan temeller üzerinden irdelemektedir. Her... more Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin nükleer enerji ilgili gündemini maddi ve maddi olmayan temeller üzerinden irdelemektedir. Her iki temel de Türkiye’nin uluslararası pozisyonunun bölgesel ve iç politika düzlemlerinde ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin iç ve uluslararası düzeyde izlediği politikalardaki değişiklikleri nükleer enerji gibi hassas bir konu üzerinden izlemektedir. Buradaki amaç değişen politikaların ülkeyi nereye taşıdığının görülmek istenmesidir. Bir diğer deyişle, Türkiye’nin uluslararası hukuka saygılı bir nükleer ülke mi yoksa nükleer enerji ihtiyacını iç ve bölgesel anlamdaki liberal gündemiyle buluşturan bir ülke mi olacağı tartışması yazının temelini oluşturmaktadır. Metodolojik anlamda; temel problematik ‘normlar modeli’ üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’nin bölgesel politikalarının anatomisinin çıkarılması amacıyla komşu ülkelerle ilişkiye geçtiği “yeni kurumsal yaklaşım” ele alınmıştır. Bölge ülkeleriyle ilişkilerde Türkiye’nin nükleer enerjiye ve bölgedeki istikrara duyduğu ihtiyaç kimlik sorunundan bağımsız olarak maddi temeller üzerinden tartışılmıştır.
Download (.pdf) Beproevingen van Khatami's Iran
Van den Bos, M. 1999. "Beproevingen van Khatami's Iran [Khatami's Iran put to the test]." Soera. Tijdschrift over het Midden-Oosten 7 (1): 37-41.
Confrontaties in Teheran
Van den Bos, M. 1999. "Confrontaties in Teheran [Confrontations in Tehran]." Soera. Tijdschrift over het Midden-Oosten 7 (2): 16-7.
[review] Een Trierse processie
Van den Bos, M. 2001. "Een Trierse processie [A Trierian procession]." Review of Roelants, Carolien. 2001. Iran achter de schermen. Soera. Tijdschrift over het Midden-Oosten 9 (4): 41.
Khatami is opnieuw aan zet. Verrassende parlementsverkiezingen in Iran
Van den Bos, M. 2000. "Khatami is opnieuw aan zet. Verrassende parlementsverkiezingen in Iran [It is Khatami's turn to act once again. Surprising parliamentary elections in Iran]." Soera. Tijdschrift over het Midden-Oosten 8 (1): 18-9.
[review] Verjaarde memoires over sjah en imam
Van den Bos, M. 2000. "Verjaarde memoires over sjah en imam [Superannuated memories of shah and imam]." Review of Harney, Desmond. 1999. The Priest and the King. Soera. Tijdschrift over het Midden-Oosten 8 (1): 40.
Roots of Modern Shiite Sufism in Iran
Van den Bos, M. 2000. "Roots of Modern Shiite Sufism in Iran." ISIM Newsletter (5): 18.
Iraanse conservatieven spelen met vuur. Mohajerani's geduld en de factor van de straat
Van den Bos, M. 2003. "Iraanse conservatieven spelen met vuur. Mohajerani's geduld en de factor van de straat [Iranian conservatives are playing with fire. Mohajerani's patience and the factor of the street]." Midden-Oosten & Noord-Afrika Tijdschrift Soera 10 (3/4): 56-9.
Notes on Sufism and Freemasonry in Iran, 1900-1997
Van den Bos, M. 2003-2004. "Notes on Sufism and Freemasonry in Iran, 1900-1997." Journal of the History of Sufism 4 241-53.
Post-reformisme in Iran: naar een nieuwe conservatieve orde?
Van den Bos, M. 2004. "Post-reformisme in Iran: naar een nieuwe conservatieve orde? [Post-Reformism in Iran: Toward a New Conservative Order?]." Sharqiyyât 16 (2): 9-22.
[reprint; review] V.S. Naipauls Islamitische Republiek
Van den Bos, M. 2004. "V.S. Naipauls Islamitische Republiek." Review of Naipaul, V.S. 1997. Meer dan Geloof [Beyond Belief. Reprint of review December 1997]. Midden-Oosten & Noord-Afrika Tijdschrift Soera 12 (4): 44-5.
Effectieve restauratie van de Islamitische Republiek. Parlementsverkiezingen in Iran
Van den Bos, M. 2004. "Effectieve restauratie van de Islamitische Republiek. Parlementsverkiezin-gen in Iran [Effective Restauration of the Islamic Republic. Parliamentary Elections in Iran]." Midden-Oosten & Noord-Afrika Tijdschrift Soera 12 (1): 29-33.
On Sufism and the "Social"
Van den Bos, M. 2004. On Sufism and the "Social". In Celebrating a Sufi Master. A Collection of Works on the Occasion of the Second International Symposium on Shah Nematollah Vali, (ed.) S. Pazouki. New York: Simorgh Sufi Society, pp. 113-19.