Human Trafficking

National and international criminal jurisdiction over United Nations peacekeeping personnel for gender-based crimes against women

by Melanie O'Brien

O'Brien, Melanie (2010) National and international criminal jurisdiction over United Nations peacekeeping personnel for gender-based crimes against women. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

This thesis seeks to determine the most effective jurisdiction for criminal accountability for UN peacekeeping... more This thesis seeks to determine the most effective jurisdiction for criminal accountability for UN peacekeeping personnel who engage in sexual exploitation and abuse of women, and other conduct amounting to violence against women. As criminalisation is sought as the appropriate method of prevention and punishment of such conduct, it is first examined why criminalisation is necessary. The impact of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) on women in the territories in which peace operations are located is detailed as harms in the form of violations of the rights of these women. Alternatives to criminal sanctions are then considered, in particular the actions of the UN towards prevention and prohibition of SEA. While such regulations are necessary, they are ultimately inadequate in preventing and punishing SEA. Included is an assessment of the Draft Convention on Criminal Accountability of UN Officials and Experts on Mission, the adoption of which would support criminalisation.

However, the UN itself is unable to exercise criminal jurisdiction, and thus it is essential to examine which jurisdictions would be most effective in undertaking criminal prosecution of peacekeeping personnel. The choice between national jurisdictions and international criminal justice is debated. Which jurisdiction offers a more effectual forum for ensuring accountability? What potential impediments exist and how can such hindrances can be overcome?

This thesis argues that gender-based crimes by UN peacekeepers should be criminalised, and that, while the International Criminal Court should not be discounted as a potential forum for prosecuting perpetrators, domestic prosecutions are far more likely and far more effective.

How do smuggling and trafficking operate via irregular border crossings in the Middle East?

by sule toktas

Transnational Networks in the Black Sea Region: Human Trafficking and NGOs That Transcend Borders

by sule toktas

Prosecuting Peackeepers in the ICC for Human Trafficking

by Melanie O'Brien

Intercultural Human Rights Law Review 1 (2006), p. 281

How do smuggling and trafficking operate via irregular border crossings in the Middle East? Evidence from fieldwork in Turkey

by sule toktas

co-authored with Ahmet Icduygu

Transnationalising a Thai Grassroots NGO: A Comprehensive Approach to Human Trafficking Prevention

by Matthias Lehmann

Thesis available upon request

This thesis has two major goals. Firstly, it seeks to shed light on the divide among  civil society groups over... more This thesis has two major goals. Firstly, it seeks to shed light on the divide among  civil society groups over the direction of measures taken to successfully combat human trafficking,  and how this divide negatively affects their target populations as well as omits a majority of  victims of human trafficking. Secondly, it investigates theoretical frameworks for the expansion of  a comprehensive and evidence-based approach to human trafficking prevention. The main arguments of  this thesis are that anti-trafficking measures should not be intertwined with what Ronald Weitzer  described as moral panic-mongering and a crusade against commercial sexual services, and that  partnerships between the grassroots and policy-making level are crucial in order to deliver  successful policies based on sound knowledge and aimed at sustainable human development. To further  the existing scholarship on the latter, this thesis presents a thought experiment for the  transnationalisation of grassroots, community-based NGOs, based on Mark Granovetter's “Strength of  Weak Ties” theory and the Thai King Bhumibol's Sufficiency philosophy. This thesis aims to convey  two central messages. Firstly, it finds that a significant number of civil society groups engaged  in the global anti-trafficking agenda are headed in the wrong direction and underserve the majority  of trafficking victims. Secondly, cooperative measures as suggested in the thought experiment of  this thesis already exist in some places and have yielded considerable successes to prove their  superiority over traditional top-down  approaches. Cooperation of  actors on  all levels stands the  best chance of successfully preventing human trafficking in the future.

Human Trafficking in the PR classroom: Teaching Diversity, Activism, and Empathy

by Sarah VanSlette

VanSlette, S.H. (forthcoming). Human trafficking in the PR classroom: Teaching diversity, activism, and empathy. In D. Waymer (Ed.), Culture, race, & class-based perspectives in PR. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

'I am helping them':'Traffickers','anti‐traffickers' and economies of bad faith

by Sverre Molland

'The Perfect Business': Human Trafficking and Lao–Thai Cross‐Border Migration

by Sverre Molland

The value of bodies: Deception, helping and profiteering in human trafficking along the Thai-Lao border

by Sverre Molland

International Human Trafficking Law

by Derek McKenna

This essay will focus on International Human Trafficking Law and will discuss and critically evaluate four elements.... more This essay will focus on International Human Trafficking Law and will discuss and critically evaluate four elements. Section one will cover the historical development of international human trafficking law.  Section two will focus on the legal models employed in the European Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings [2005] .  Section three will take a look at the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECHR) approach to international human trafficking in Ranstev V. Cyprus and Russia [2010] .  Section four will contain a discussion of proposed amendments to improve the European Convention on Action against Trafficking Human Beings [2005] . 

Dragiewicz, M. (2008). Teaching about human trafficking: Opportunities and challenges for critical engagement. Feminist Teacher, 18(3), 185-201.

by Molly Dragiewicz

In this article, I share some of my texts and tactics with others who might find themselves in a position to teach... more In this article, I share some of my texts and tactics with others who might find themselves in a position to teach about human trafficking. I include my case for why feminist teachers should teach trafficking, an overview of the debate that divides the field, my rationale for organizing the course the way that I did, issues to consider when designing a course on trafficking, and some suggested readings, films, and web resources.

Regulating the International Movement of Women: From Protection to Control (Hardback)

by Sharron FitzGerald

'Introduction' by Sharron A. FitzGerald and Chapter 8: 'Vulnerability and Sex trafficking in the United Kingdom'.

Biopolitics and the Regulation of Vulnerability: the Case of the Female Trafficked Migrant

by Sharron FitzGerald

Published in the International Journal of Law in Context

This article interrogates the connections between normativity and geographical space. Specifically it focuses on the... more This article interrogates the connections between normativity and geographical space. Specifically it focuses on the biopolitical discourses that operate around the idiom of the vulnerable female trafficked migrant in the United Kingdom. The article’s structure and argument question how state parties frame the notion of female vulnerability as a distinct biopolitical category. I argue that this process produces and sustains the perceived need for biopolitical regulation of the national community. I question how the state’s regulation of the bodies and behaviours of female trafficked migrants is entangled with anti-immigration agendas that aim to extend the power of the state extra-territorially.

The politics of gender: the case of the female trafficked migrant 102-113

by Sharron FitzGerald

THE POLITICS OF
GENDER
A SURVEY FIRST EDITION
Editor: Yoke-Lian Lee Published by Routledge 2010

The Female Diaspora: Interrogating the Female Trafficked Migrant

by Sharron FitzGerald

Biopolitics and the Regulation of Vulnerability: the Case of the Female Trafficked Migrant

by Sharron FitzGerald

published in The International Journal of Law in Context

January 11th is National Human Trafficking Awareness Day

by Feminism and Religion

originally published at www.feminismandreligion.com

This information was originally distributed by WATER:
January 11th is National Human Trafficking Awareness Day.... more This information was originally distributed by WATER:
January 11th is National Human Trafficking Awareness Day. Human trafficking, referred to as modern-day slavery, is the fastest growing and second most profitable criminal industry in the world. More than 27 million women, men, and children have become victims of human trafficking for labor and sexual exploitation. Trafficking can and does occur in all parts of the world, including the U.S. Large sporting events like the Super Bowl attract human trafficking, especially for sexual exploitation of women. Read Mary E. Hunt’s new article on human trafficking entitled “Women and Children First.”

Stories of Trafficking
Excerpted from www.polarisproject.org

Amanda learned that her cousin was with a pimp who was advertising her for commercial sex on various websites.

A teacher became concerned about one of her students, a 14 year-old girl, and spoke with classmates who directed the teacher to multiple postings advertising the young girl for commercial sex on backpage.com.
A woman in Cameroon contacted the National Human Trafficking Resource Center about a friend who had moved to the U.S. several years ago whom the caller feared was a victim of domestic servitude.

With four children between them and a 16-year relationship, Mari couldn’t imagine leaving Darrell. She didn’t see any viable options, even though he was physically abusive and forced her into commercial sex when money was tight.

Brittany met a man at her local mall who offered her a job at his restaurant. Instead of working as a waitress, Brittany was forced to sell sex in a hotel room.

And many more….

Continue reading http://feminismandreligion.com/2012/01/11/january-11th-is-national-human-trafficking-awareness-day/

Tags: activism, human trafficking, sexual violence, social justice, violence against women, WATER, Activism, Human Rights, Rape Culture, Sexual Violence, Social Justice, Violence Against Women

Sri Lankan Domestic Workers in Lebanon

by Ray Jureidini

Trafficking and Contract Migrant Workers, Ray Jureidini

by Ray Jureidini