Human Ecology

Alternative Adaptive Regimes for Integrating Foraging and Farming Activities

by Jacob Freeman

There are two distinct forager-farmer adaptive regimes
evidenced in the ethnographic record: an ancillary and... more There are two distinct forager-farmer adaptive regimes
evidenced in the ethnographic record: an ancillary and surplus cultivation
regime. Societies characterized by these different regimes define different
systems for allocating time to the production of domesticated plants.
Cross-cultural patterns support the proposition that two socioecological
conditions are logically necessary in order for an ancillary cultivation
regime to develop and persist within a population of foragers. Wild
resources must be sufficiently available, and farmers who produce a surplus
of crops must be available to exchange with, live with or raid to
redistribute crops after an episode of crop loss. The cross-cultural
presence of two empirically distinct regimes for integrating foraging and
farming is a useful frame of reference for evaluating how prehistoric
foragers first integrated foraging and farming activities in archaeological
contexts of secondary crop acquisition. A preliminary examination indicates
that the ethnographic patterns are most consistent with the interpretation
that the earliest farmers to inhabit the American Southwest produced at
least a minimal surplus of domesticated plants. It is postulated that the
adoption of a surplus cultivation regime by a population creates the
adaptive opportunity for ancillary cultivation to develop and persist on a
landscape.

Aproximación cuantitativa a la organización social de los ticuna del trapecio amazónico colombiano

by Augusto Oyuela-Caycedo

(with Juan José Vieco)
La organización social de los Ticuna del trapecio amazónico colombiano: una aproximación cuantitativa. Revista Colombiana de Antropología 35:146-179. 1999 1999

This paper argues that Ticuna identity is based on terms of belonging to a clan (which they call nacao= nation). These... more This paper argues that Ticuna identity is based on terms of belonging to a clan (which they call nacao= nation). These clans are clustered in the moieties of "Earth" and "Air". The Ticuna have a hierarchical society than can be interpreted under the model of the house society. The clans have a prescriptive marriage that favors the endogamic control of territories and settlements. Although the marriage system is denominated "hypertotemic exogamous moieties" by Levi-Strauss, there is no significant exchange of females between villages.

The availability and supply of fish for fermentation in Southeast Asia

by Kenneth Ruddle

(1993) in Fish Fermentation Technology, (eds. C-H. Lee, K.H. Steinkraus and P.J.A. Reilly), Tokyo: United Nations University, pp. 45 84

Assessing potential nutritional and household economic benefits of developing integrated farming systems

by Kenneth Ruddle

(1997) In Integrated Fish farming, Mathias, J.A, Charles, A.T. and Hu, B. (eds.). 111- 121. Boca Raton and New York: CRC Press (K. Ruddle and M. Prein).

Coastal-marine resource use in human ecological context: the scale and modes of integration.

by Kenneth Ruddle

2011  In Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective, V. Christensen and J. Maclean (eds.). pp. 241- 271. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Broderick, L.G., 2012. Book Review: Ethnozooarchaeology: The Present and Past of Human-Animal Relationships by U. Albarella and A. Trentacoste. Ethnoarchaeology, 4, 1. 108-110

by Lee Broderick

Houle, J.-L., Broderick, L.G., 2011. Settlement Patterns and Domestic Economy of the Xiongnu in Khanuy Valley, Mongolia. In Brosseder, U., Miller, B.K., eds. Xiongnu Archaeology – Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the First Steppe Empire in Central Asia. (Bonn Contributions to Asian Archaeology 5). Vor-und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn: Bonn. pp. 137-152

by Lee Broderick

Broderick, L.G., 2012. Ritualisation (or The Four Fully-Articulated Ungulates of The Apocalypse). In Pluskowski, A. ed. The Ritual Killing and Burial of Animals: European Perspectives. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. 22-32

by Lee Broderick

Middle Holocene Subsistence and Land Use at Southeast Anchorage, Santa Rosa Island, California

by Christopher Wolff

Ethnobotany in intermedical spaces: the case of the Fulni-ô indians (Northeastern Brazil)

by Gustavo Soldati

Gustavo Taboada Soldati; Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque

Population growth, carrying capacity, and conflict

by Dwight Read

Co-authored with Steven A. LeBlanc. Published in Current Anthropology, 44(1), 2003, pp. 59-85

The standard model of population growth and regulation is critiqued.
It is argued that any model of population... more The standard model of population growth and regulation is critiqued.
It is argued that any model of population growth and regulation
must accommodate ten propositions, and a multitrajectory
model that does so is described. This model identifies
competition between groups, individual choice in reproductive
behavior, the scale for spatial and temporal variation in resource
abundance, and the social unit for resource access and ownership
as important components of population behavior.

A reflective lens: applying critical systems thinking and visual methods to ecohealth research

by Deborah Cleland

Shohibuddin et al-2009-Creation & Management of Diverse Secondary Forest in Central Sulawesi

by Mohamad Shohibuddin

The society of our “out of Africa” ancestors (I): The migrant warriors that colonized the world

by Eduardo Moreno Lampaya

The “out of Africa” hypothesis proposes that a small group of Homo sapiens left Africa 80,000 years ago, spreading the... more The “out of Africa” hypothesis proposes that a small group of Homo sapiens left Africa 80,000 years ago, spreading the mitochondrial haplotype L3 throughout the Earth.1-10 Little effort has been made to try to reconstruct the society and culture of the tribe that left Africa to populate the rest of the world.1 Here, I find that hunter-gatherers that belong to mitochondrial haplotypes L0, L1 and L2 do not have a culture of ritualized fights. In contrast to this, almost all L3 derived hunter-gatherers have a more belligerent culture that includes ritualized fights such as wrestling, stick fights or headhunting expeditions. This appears to be independent of their environment because ritualized fights occur in all climates, from the tropics to the arctic. There is also a correlation between mitochondrial haplotypes and warfare propensity or the use of murder and suicide to resolve conflicts. The data implicate that the original human population outside Africa is descended from only two closely related sub-branches that practiced ritual fighting and had a higher propensity towards warfare and the use of murder for conflict resolution. This warfare culture may have given the out of Africa migrants a competitive advantage to colonize the world. But it could also have crucially influenced the subsequent history of The Earth. In the future, it would be interesting to see how we could further reconstruct the society and culture of the “Out of Africa Tribe.”

Surviving the Holocene crisis: human ecological responses to the onset of the current interglacial

by Michael Barton

2009 Miller, A., Barton, C. M., García Puchol, O., & Bernabeu Aubán, J.
Journal of Anthropological Research, 65, 207–220.

For hunter-gatherer groups, the dynamics changes in climate at the end of the last glacial cycle necessitated... more For hunter-gatherer groups, the dynamics changes in climate at the end of the last glacial cycle necessitated rearrangement of land use, including shifts in mobility strategies, settlement location. and resource use. We examine these behavioral changes using lithic attribute data as well as spatial distributions of artifacts and features. Using data from intensive survey and excavation, we trace human ecological response through the onset of the current interglacial in central Mediterranean Spain, comparatively far from the margins of the north-temperate ice sheets.

Population growth, carrying capacity and conflict

by Dwight Read

L'approche écologique en intervention psychosociale: essai théâtral

by Martine Emond

Travail présenté dans le contexte du cours «Communication et Intervention I» en avril 2010. Département de communication sociale et publique de l'UQAM.

-Arielle : Mesdames et Messieurs, bonsoir et soyez les bienvenus dans l’univers d’Arielle Sylvestre (ce disant, elle... more -Arielle : Mesdames et Messieurs, bonsoir et soyez les bienvenus dans l’univers d’Arielle Sylvestre (ce disant, elle fait un salut de manière théâtrale). Je tiens d’abord à vous dire combien il me fait plaisir d’être ici aujourd’hui. Après avoir travaillé de nombreuses années en tant que consultante en communication, tant dans les entreprises que dans le milieu public et communautaire, j’en suis arrivée à une période de grande remise en question au niveau professionnel. J’ai toujours adoré mon métier, car je considère la communication comme la clé de tout changement individuel et collectif. Pourtant, j’avais souvent l’impression d’être contrainte par un système qui me confinait à la surface des choses sans me laisser le temps de toucher la racine des problèmes ni l’essence des êtres. J’ai donc décidé d’entreprendre certaines recherches, et c’est alors que je suis tombée sur un livre qui a complètement changé, non seulement mon travail d’intervention en psychosociologie, mais toute ma façon de vivre.

Il s’agit du livre «Ecofeminism» de Maria Mies et Vandana Shiva. Né de la rencontre entre l’écologie et le féminisme, le mouvement écoféminisme intègre et dépasse largement ces deux concepts, proposant un véritable changement de la conscience. Il m’a inspiré une nouvelle approche de l’intervention psycho-sociale qui se définit au fur et à mesure de mes expériences. L’intervention féministe était déjà pour moi une source d’inspiration, mais afin d’insister sur toute la spécificité de ma nouvelle approche par rapport à l’approche féministe traditionnelle, j’ai choisi de la nommer simplement «Le point de vue écologique» de l’intervention psychosociale. Cette appellation a été proposée par Marquita Riel dans un
article où elle décrit l’influence du mouvement écologique en psychosociologie .

Material flow accounting of an Indian village

by Bruno Kestemont

We are presenting material flow accounting and related indicators for an Indian adivasis village. It gives a point of... more We are presenting material flow accounting and related indicators for an Indian adivasis village. It gives a point of comparison with modern nation-wide material flow accounting. The aim is to test the feasibility of indicators of dematerialization of the economy in poor economies.The total material requirement (TMR) of Sarowar (excluding air and water), USA, Japan, Germany and The Netherlands is respectively about 5, 84, 46, 86 and 84 tons per capita per year. The eco-efficiency using Purchasing Power Parity is respectively 18, 3, 3, 4 and 3 kg $-1. We discuss the use of ratios of non-substitutable factors in dematerialization assessment

A New Application for the Optimal Foraging Theory: The Extraction of Medicinal Plants

by Ulysses Albuquerque

The Roots of Tradition: Social Ecology, Cultural Geography, and Medicinal Plant Knowledge in the Ozark-Ouachita Highlands

by Justin Nolan