Housing in Developing Areas

Finch-Boyer - Introduction aux enjeux politiques et stratégiques du logement social à La Réunion In Combeau (ed) Histoire Politique de La Réunion au XXème siècle. St Denis: Océan Editions 2009.15 p (in French)

by Heloise Finch-Boyer

This chapter appeared in Combeau (ed) _Histoire Politique de La Réunion au XXème siècle. St Denis: Océan Editions_ 2009.

http://www.ocean-editions.fr/pages/livre.php?TypeArborescence=auteurs&Parametre=c&LivreId=462

This chapter, in French, examines why the French government sought to invest in social housing in the French Overseas... more This chapter, in French, examines why the French government sought to invest in social housing in the French Overseas Department of La Reunion between 1946 and 1966, in the context of broader decolonization struggles in the French Empire. It outlines the political impetus behind the creation of Reunion's largest social housing company, the Société Immobilière de La Réunion.

Housing in Madras: public and private land developments

by Mark Wolffe

Co-authored with Jan Turkstra
Series Title Urban research working papers
Editors: J. Matthew Schoffeleers and Pim Schoorl ; by Jan van der Linden
Publisher Amsterdam : Vrije Universiteit (1985).

Based on research carried out in 1984, this paper concentrates on public housing schemes and private, unauthorised... more Based on research carried out in 1984, this paper concentrates on public housing schemes and private, unauthorised plot developments. It discusses the physical and spatial aspects of low income settlements in Madras (Chennai) as well as the social and economic circumstances of the people who live in them.

Negotiating Space: Life Space and Livelihoods of the Urban Poor in India

by Natasha Cornea

MA dissertation (earned a grade of 85%)

This dissertation explores social and political network formation in marginal spaces in urban India.  Drawing... more This dissertation explores social and political network formation in marginal spaces in urban India.  Drawing from the work of Soja and others, it understands space to be the material of social relations and the spatial marginalisation of the poor to be the result of a set of socially determined power relations. The manner in which space is used by and against the poor is considered.  It asserts that spatial marginalisation must be seen as a deliberate power play, which limits the ability of the poor to develop and accumulate social and political capital.  In turn, this limits their livelihood potential and ossifies their position in the socio-economic hierarchy.

Gotsch, Peter 2008: 'Lessons-learnt' aus dem Wiederaufbau von Wohngebäuden in Sri Lanka und Indonesien von Wohngebäuden in Sri Lanka und Indonesien nach der tsunami Katastrophe

by Peter Gotsch

Gotsch, Peter 2008: 'Lessons-learnt' aus dem Wiederaufbau von Wohngebäuden in Sri Lanka und Indonesien nach der tsunami Katastrophe In Borgmann, Nicola; Weisel, Astrid; "Wiederaufbau nach Naturkatastrophen"; Seminar Geschlechterdifferenz in Architektur und Städtebau, Sommersemester 2007, Tu München, München, S. 262-288.

Die sehr zahlreichen und unterschiedlichen Lösungen des Wiederaufbaus nach dem Tsunami stellen eine historisch... more Die sehr zahlreichen und unterschiedlichen Lösungen des Wiederaufbaus nach dem Tsunami stellen eine historisch einmalige und reiche Fundgrube dar. Die Auswertung dieser ‚Fundgrube‘ könnte wesentlich dazu beitragen, Fehler in der Zukunft zu vermeiden und entsprechende Lernprozesse zu initiieren. Diese Arbeit versteht sich als ein Beitrag zur Dokumentation, Auswertung und Reflexion von Erfahrungen des Wiederaufbaues von Wohngebäuden nach der Tsunami Katastrophe. Die hier dargestellten Daten sollen die Erfahrungen der am Wiederaufbau beteiligten Personen reflektieren.

Rule by aesthetics: world-class city making in Delhi

by Asher Ghertner

in Ananya Roy and Aihwa Ong (Eds) (2011). Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global (pp. 279-306). Oxford: Blackwell.

Nuisance talk and the propriety of property: Middle class discourses of a slum-free Delhi

by Asher Ghertner

Available on Early View from the Antipode/Wiley-Blackwell website

This paper examines the narratives through which associations of private property owners in Delhi depict slums as... more This paper examines the narratives through which associations of private property owners in Delhi depict slums as zones of incivility and “nuisance.” In tracing how this “nuisance talk” travels into and gains legitimacy in popular and state visions of urban space, the paper shows the role of discourse in justifying and enacting exclusionary urban imaginaries. As a lay term, nuisance is widely used to identify forms of aesthetic impropriety. But, as a primary element of environmental law, nuisance operates discursively as a catchall category allowing diverse private grievances to be expressed in terms of environmental welfare and the public interest. The widening depiction of slums as nuisances hence reworks the public/private divide, inserting once local codes of civility into the core of public life. By examining how nuisance talk circulates between property owners’ associations, the media, and the government, the paper shows how slum demolitions have become widely read as a form of environmental improvement.

Habitação e Infra-estrutura urbana em Salvador e região metropolitana

by Gilberto Corso

Publicado em Como Anda Salvador. 2a. ed. Salvador: Edufba, 2008, v. 1, p. 137-155. Gilberto Corso Pereira; Inaiá Carvalho. (Org.)

O processo histórico de crescimento das cidades brasileiras tem levado à configuração de um quadro de extremas... more O processo histórico de crescimento das cidades brasileiras tem levado à configuração de um quadro de extremas desigualdades sociais e concentração de renda, tendo como resultado um cenário urbano de intensa segregação espacial. Esta segregação se traduz em termos físicos pelos fortes contrastes entre o que se pode considerar “cidade formal” caracterizada por áreas com boa oferta de infra-estrutura, reguladas pelo mercado imobiliário e normalmente atendendo a legislação urbanística no que diz respeito as condições da edificação e ao uso do solo - e, por outro lado, pela “cidade informal”, caracterizada pela implantação de loteamentos irregulares e clandestinos, bem como invasões de áreas públicas e privadas - ocupada pela população de baixa renda em decorrência da impossibilidade de acesso ao mercado imobiliário por esta parcela da população e da pouca efetividade das políticas habitacionais de interesse social. Salvador, como as demais capitais brasileiras, não foge muito deste padrão de urbanização, com grandes desafios para a efetividade do controle, ordenamento do uso e ocupação do solo e com dificuldade para assegurar a prestação de serviços públicos a um conjunto considerável de seus habitantes mais pobres.

Les nouvelles zones urbaines à Hanoi : ruptures et continuités avec la ville

by Danielle Labbé

In French. A Co-authored with Julie-Anne Boudreau and published in "Les Cahiers de Géographie du Québec"

Large residential complexes mushroom on city outskirts, as Viêt Nam enters an accelerated rate of urbanization. The... more Large residential complexes mushroom on city outskirts, as Viêt Nam enters an accelerated rate of urbanization. The “new urban zones” are causing sociospatial and socioeconomic
fragmentation, while some foreign researchers compare these new suburban zones to “gated communities”, and criticize the perverse effects of privatization, commodification, and securitization – central concepts in the literature on neoliberalization. This theoretical framework seems inappropriate for Viêt Nam, even if criticism of the negative aspects of this urbanization model continues to be a necessity. Rooted in studies on two new urban zones on the periphery of Hanoi City, this article analyzes sociospatial and socioeconomic fragmentation at three phases of their life cycle; namely, conceptualization and funding, construction and realization, as well as everyday living practices. This approach casts light on the many “reweaving” and negotiating practices linking the new zones and neighbouring districts; and finally, it identifies the real causes of urban fragmentation: the principles of modernist planning and property speculation.

TRANS-DISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING, Ashraf M. Salama, Open House International, Volume 36, issue 3,, September 2011, PP.7-15

by Ashraf M. Salama

Special Issue of Open House International, on Affordable Housing, Trans-disciplinarity, and Lifestyle Theories. (Guest edited by Ashraf M. Salama and Urmi Sengupta)

The aim of this paper is to present an approach for comprehending affordable housing. The approach is based on a new... more The aim of this paper is to present an approach for comprehending affordable housing. The approach is based on a new paradigm of research: trans-disciplinarity; a form of inquiry that crosses the boundaries of different disciplines. An argument on the impact of trans-disciplinary thinking on understanding affordable housing is developed, then is placed within the perspective of how lifestyle theories and their underlying concepts can be integrated into a comprehensive investigatory process. In turn, a framework of inquiry is developed while reflected on affordable housing knowledge types. An interpretation of the framework into a survey tool is conceptualized. The tool is introduced in the form of a questionnaire to be implemented in different contexts. The testing of the questionnaire as a tool of inquiry reveals its validity, corroborates the value of integrating trans-disciplinary knowledge into affordable housing research, and accentuates the value of introducing lifestyle theories as a new form of knowledge necessary for future inquiry on affordable housing.

Understanding the causes of urban fragmentation in Hanoi: the case of new urban areas

by Danielle Labbé

Paper published in the International Development Planning Review, Volume 33, Number 3, pp-273-291 (2011)

Since the late 1990s, a new model of urban development has been promoted in Vietnam. So-called 'new urban areas' are... more Since the late 1990s, a new model of urban development has been promoted in Vietnam. So-called 'new urban areas' are being built on the agricultural lands at the periurban interface of cities across the country. These large-scale redevelopments feature commodity housing and public services, along with commercial and office space. Foreign scholars have criticised the lack of integration between these built environments and existing urban agglomerations. The resulting urban fragmentation is commonly blamed on the imposition of a foreign model of urban development that promotes a break with previous urban space production mechanisms. This paper provides a nuanced view on these ideas by exploring the history of housing policy in Vietnam and in the region of Hanoi in particular. This approach underscores the locally situated nature of the new urban area experiments. At the same time, it reveals the need to explore ongoing shifts in the way various groups straddling the state, markets and society interact in contemporary urban space production processes.

The Relationship Between Housing Construction Costs and House Rents Trends in Kaduna, Nigeria

by Chukwuma Nwuba

Co-authored with D. O. Adeagbo.  Published in The Quantity Surveyor, Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors Vol. 55, No 2, April – June, 2007

Abstract
The problems of escalating housing construction costs and house rents have been some of the major... more Abstract
The problems of escalating housing construction costs and house rents have been some of the major contributing factors to urban housing problems in Nigerian cities. These two variables are usually associated in urban housing problems and rental house investments. The research investigates the relationship between housing construction costs and house rents trends in the low density residential areas of Kaduna, Nigeria by analyzing the trends in the variables from 1986 to 2004. The basic objective of the research is  to determine whether there is significant relationship between housing construction costs and house rents trends and, if so, the nature of the relationship. The main hypothesis is that there is a relationship between them. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the hypothesis and regression analysis was performed on the data. the results show that there is a strong positive linear relationship  between the two trends. The results also show that both variables maintained upward trends throughout the study period and that their inflation rates were highly significant; that construction costs inflation rates were higher than those of rents but that the differences were not statistically significant. The implications of the findings include the need for improved building methods to reduce construction costs, concerted efforts by stakeholders in rental house development  and management to develop measures to solve the problem of escalating  house building costs and rents and to encourage investments in rental house development.

Analysis of Office Rents Movements in Abuja , Nigeria

by Chukwuma Nwuba

Published in the Nigerian Journal of Education Volume 7, No 1. December 2008.

Abstract
Real estate business is important to national economies. It is a very important economic activity in... more Abstract
Real estate business is important to national economies. It is a very important economic activity in Nigeria’s urban areas, where private rental tenures predominate. This research evaluates office rental movements in the Central Area of Abuja, Nigeria, with a view to measuring the rental growth rates. The basic questions to determine are whether the rental growth rates are significant, and whether significant difference exists between the rental growth rates and CPI inflation rates. The results show that office rents maintained upward trend during the study period but the growth rates were lower than general inflation rates. Rental growth rates are statistically significant, but no significant difference exists between the growth rates and inflation rates. There is a strong positive linear relationship between time and office rents movement, which could be an indication that office rents grow significantly over time. Notwithstanding, there is need to carry out further research to ascertain the impact of inflation on rental growth and how rental growth compares with inflation in building construction costs in the area.

The Effect of User Participation In Satisfaction: Beyciler After-Earthquake Houses In Düzce

by Emine Koseoglu

Authors: Deniz ERINSEL ONDER, Emine KOSEOGLU, Omer BILEN,
Venhar DER.

ITU A|Z Journal, VOL: 7, NO: 1, pp.18-37, 2010-1.

Abstract


Natural disasters that have occurred in recent years in Turkey have caused loss of property... more Abstract


Natural disasters that have occurred in recent years in Turkey have caused loss of property as well as deaths. Thus, they have necessitated the immediate construction of much housing. Many users neither adopted this housing, nor settled into it. The aim of this paper is to explore how user participation in design and construction process affects user satisfaction.

As part of the study, a questionnaire was run (n=100) in a mass housing area with 168 units in Düzce, which was realized by the participation of the users after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes. The results of the questionnaire were evaluated on SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) using one sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test.

Results showed that, in terms of houses‘ exterior spaces and general characteristics, there is no significant difference between the residents who participated to design and construction
process and who did not. As for psychological needs and quality of interior spaces, the degree of satisfaction of the users that participated in the design and construction process was found higher than the ones that did not participated. In general, the study revealed that not only were the users pleased to have been involved in the process, but they were also satisfied with their accommodation.

Keywords: Residential quality, user satisfaction, participatory design.

USER SATISFACTION : YALOVA SOGUCAK AFTER-EARTHQUAKE HOUSES

by Emine Koseoglu

Authors: Deniz Erinsel Onder and Emine Koseoglu

ENHR 2010, 22nd Conference on Urban Dynamics & Housing Change, 4-7 July 2010, Istanbul, Turkey.

Abstract

Many natural disasters that have occurred in recent years have caused loss of property as well as... more Abstract

Many natural disasters that have occurred in recent years have caused loss of property as well as deaths. The earthquakes that have occurred in recent years have resulted in considerable loss of property and life and have necessitated much rapid construction of houses. On the other hand, the large housing deficit that emerged after the earthquake and called for an immediate solution resulted in housing that were constructed without considering factors such as socio-cultural data, user needs, habits and spatial quality. The aim of this research is to analyze the degree of satisfaction with the after-earthquake houses and quality as a factor affecting user satisfaction. As part
of the study, a questionnaire was conducted in a mass housing area with 858 units in Yalova, Soğucak, which was realized by The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes. The results of the questionnaire are evaluated on SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) using one sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, factor analysis and chi-square test. The results of this study have important
implications for satisfaction with after-earthquake houses and the attitudes of the users.