Hospitality Studies

Haute Cuisine Innovations: the Role of the Master-Apprentice Relationship

by Marc Stierand

Stierand, M, Dörfler, V and Lynch, P (2008) ‘Haute Cuisine Innovations: the Role of the Master-Apprentice Relationship’, British Academy of Management Annual Conference, 9-11 September, Harrogate.

The master-apprentice relationship has a long history in all areas of human education beginning from the old Greek... more The master-apprentice relationship has a long history in all areas of human education beginning from the old Greek Sophists in the West and various traditional schools in the East. Today, however, this form of knowledge transfer seems to have widely disappeared. One of the very few areas in which the master-apprentice relationship still flourishes is the field of Haute Cuisine. This field is also a particularly appropriate area to follow the process of culinary innovation. This paper investigates this unique form of knowledge transfer exhibiting features unavailable in any other form and being crucial for innovation. The present conceptual paper is the prelude for empirical research based on interviews with elite chefs.

Reflecting on a Phenomenological Study of Creativity and Innovation in Haute Cuisine

by Marc Stierand

Stierand, M and Dörfler, V (forthcoming) 'Reflecting on a Phenomenological Study of Creativity and Innovation in Haute Cuisine', International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.

Purpose: This paper aims to present and reflect on a phenomenological research process used to elucidate the nature of... more Purpose: This paper aims to present and reflect on a phenomenological research process used to elucidate the nature of creativity and innovation in haute cuisine.

Design/methodology/approach: In-depth unstructured interviews and field notes capturing subjective experiences were employed to elucidate the experiences of 18 top chefs from the UK, Spain, France, Austria and Germany with regards to creativity and innovation.

Findings: The findings presented in this paper are twofold: first, an empirical sample finding is presented in order to contextualize the type of findings obtained; second, key
methodological findings are presented explaining the process of elucidating the nature of creativity and innovation through iterative learning from the descriptions of the interviewees and the subjective experiences gathered.

Research limitations/implications: The underlying  phenomenological study is limited to male haute cuisine chefs in five European countries. Future research is planned including
female and male chefs from other countries in order to learn whether similar empirical findings can be obtained.

Practical implications: The paper presents a research process for elucidating cognitive and nebulous phenomena such as creativity and innovation to make them accessible to managers,
researchers, students and policy-makers.

Originality/value: The findings explain the process of elucidating the nature of creativity and innovation through iterative learning from the descriptions of the interviewees and the subjective experiences gathered. Further conceptual and methodological development emerges from investigating interviewees representative of the notion of the extraordinary.

Innovation of Extraordinary Chefs: Development Process or Systemic Phenomenon?

by Marc Stierand

Stierand, M, Dörfler, V and MacBryde, J (2009) ‘Innovation of Extraordinary Chefs: Development Process or Systemic Phenomenon?’, British Academy of Management Annual Conference, 15-17 September, Brighton.

A highly rated current study on culinary innovation was found to be too product- and service-oriented and narrow, more... more A highly rated current study on culinary innovation was found to be too product- and service-oriented and narrow, more appropriate to describe the culinary craft than the culinary art. Creativity seems to be put into a box and is sold as a well-structured task. Creativity, however, is an ill-structured problem solving and a systemic phenomenon. It requires social validation from the gatekeepers of the domain and if accepted changes an existing domain or transforms an existing domain into a new one. These theoretical findings were supported by selected empirical data from 19 phenomenological interviews with extraordinary chefs from the UK, France, Spain, Austria and Germany. It emerged from the interview analysis that culinary innovation is more than just product or service development and that extraordinary chefs use ill-structured problem solving. Finally, it was shown that the field and the domain have significant influence on the individual chef and her/his creations.

L’enseignement culinaire au carrefour de l’histoire : focus sur l’école hôtelière de Paris

by Kilien Stengel

Published In "Les Cahiers de la Gastronomie"

Résumé : De nombreux outils et méthodologies d’enseignement culinaires existent, basés sur des référentiels cadres et... more Résumé : De nombreux outils et méthodologies d’enseignement culinaires existent, basés sur des référentiels cadres et des livres multiples qui consignent ce que la société française souhaite transmettre de son patrimoine gastronomique.
Mais d’où proviennent les écoles hôtelières, ces temples de la transmission culinaire ? Ces lieux où la pratique se mêle à la théorie, où le discours philosophique se limite à « Oui Chef ! », la psychologie à « le client à toujours raison » et l’actualité au « Guide Michelin », enseignèrent au fils des époques du vocabulaire technique, l’excellence gastronomique, et les approches variées de la cuisine et des vins.
Les écoles hôtelières sont autant de lieux de transmission qui signalent un rapport étroit entre la volonté de conserver et celle de transmettre.

Mots clefs : histoire, enseignement, restauration, gastronomie, formation.

Abstract : There is a lot of tools and culinary methodologies of teaching. There are based on reference tables executives and multiple books pounds which present what the French society wishes to pass on of its gastronomic heritage.
But, historically, where are come from catering schools, these temples of the culinary transmission? These places where the practice gets involved in the theory, where the philosophic speech limits itself in " Oui Chef ! ", the psychology to " the customer for always reason " and the actuality to the " Guide Michelin ", taught, in the differently periods, the technical vocabulary, the gastronomic excellence, and the approaches varied by the cooking and the wines.
Catering schools are so much places of transmission which indicate a narrow relation enter the will to keep for to preserve) and that to pass on.

Keywords: History, teaching, catering, gastronomy, training.

"She Just Called You Honey": My Quandary at Waffle House

by Brett Lunceford

Lunceford, Brett. "'She Just Called You Honey': My Quandary at Waffle House." ETC: A Review of General Semantics 68, no. 4 (2011): 446-60.

An essay is presented on rhetorical strategies used to create relationships between people. It offers the views of a... more An essay is presented on rhetorical strategies used to create relationships between people. It offers the views of a cultural outsider observing waitresses at a Southern United States Waffle House restaurant, where staff often use the epithet "honey" when speaking to customers. The author describes a shift in power where the restaurant staff are in control rather than the customer and the psychological implications, sexual aspects, and relationship defining results of his being called "honey" by the waitstaff.

CSR in Hospitality Business

by Ruud Welten

A troubled past, a challenging present, and a promising future: Tanzania’s tourism development in perspective

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2009. A troubled past, a challenging present, and a promising future? Tanzania’s tourism development in perspective. Tourism Review International, 12(3-4), 259-273.

Despite the many assets the continent possesses, tourism in Africa has mostly operated below its potential, and its... more Despite the many assets the continent possesses, tourism in Africa has mostly operated below its potential, and its often poorly planned development has had irreversible negative consequences for both people and the environment. In order to develop sustainable forms of tourism, respectful of the rich natural and cultural African heritage, industry leaders and policy makers must consider the broader historical and socioeconomic contexts in which tourism is implanting itself. Inspired by an anthropological perspective, this article takes Tanzania as a case study. Tourism in this East African country, as in other African countries, is firmly embedded in encompassing—and sometimes conflicting—processes of localization, nationalization, regionalization, and globalization. Only by having a solid understanding of how these different scales are connected, disconnected, and reconnected, and by taking into account the interests of all stakeholders involved, can we begin to build an integrated African hospitality industry that is sustainable as well as economically beneficial. Archival records and recent ethnographic data are combined to show the kinds of challenges and opportunities this poses in the case of Tanzania.

Andriotis, K. (2002). Scale of Hospitality Firms and Local Economic Development. The Case of Crete. Tourism Management, 23(4): 333-341.

by Konstantinos Andriotis

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517701000942

The hospitality industry generates benefits for many host communities including employment generation and foreign... more The hospitality industry generates benefits for many host communities including employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. However, the hospitality industry often leads to external dependency contributing to a loss of local control over resources, migrant workforce and leakages outside the local economy, seriously reducing industry’s potential for generating net financial advantages and growth for the local economy. Despite the variation of size of hospitality firms, there is still limited research on how well different size hospitality firms contribute to local economic development, something which this paper addresses, taking as a case the island of Crete. The findings suggest that the smaller the size of hospitality firm the larger the benefits to the local economy.

Keywords: hospitality firms; Scale; Economic development; Crete

Investigative Management and Consumer Research on the Internet

by Peter Lugosi

A final version of this paper will be published as Lugosi, P., Janta, H. and Watson, P. (2012) Investigative Management and Consumer Research on the Internet. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management Vol. 24, No. 6. Please consult the final published version if citing.

This paper introduces the notion of Investigative Research on the Internet (IRI) and conceptualises its processes... more This paper introduces the notion of Investigative Research on the Internet (IRI) and conceptualises its processes through the principle of streaming. It discusses the similarities and differences between IRI and netnography and considers various aspects of the IRI process, including site selection, sampling, data collection and analysis. It is argued that streaming can help to understand the processes involved in conducting netnographic research. Moreover, it is suggested that streaming is a more appropriate way to conceptualise some internet-based studies that do not conform to netnographic or ethnographic ideals. Three international empirical cases are used to illustrate the application of IRI and streaming in research on international workers, consumer cultures and on emerging business phenomena.

Migrant Relationships and Tourism Employment

by Peter Lugosi

Janta, H., Brown, L., Lugosi, P. and Ladkin, L. (2011) 'Migrant relationships and tourism employment', Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1322-1343.
If citing please consult the corrected published version.

This paper examines how tourism employment and workplace experiences influence migrant workers' adaptation in the host... more This paper examines how tourism employment and workplace experiences influence migrant workers' adaptation in the host society. It is argued that tourism employment provides access to multiple social networks, which subsequently supports the improvement of foreign workers’ social and cultural competencies. Such networks also help to compensate for the negative aspects of tourism work and migration. In addition, the paper considers how relationships among international workers inform chain migration and influence subsequent recruitment practices and migration experiences. The findings stem from a wider study of the experiences of Polish migrant workers employed in the UK tourism sector using qualitative and quantitative data. 

Emploment Experiences of Polish Migrant Workers in the UK Hospitality Sector

by Peter Lugosi

Janta, H., Ladkin, L., Brown, L. and Lugosi, P. (2011) 'Employment experiences of Polish migrant workers in the UK hospitality sector', Tourism Management, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1006-1019. Please consult the published version if citing.

The research explores the experiences of Polish migrant workers in the UK hospitality sector. It reports quantitative... more The research explores the experiences of Polish migrant workers in the UK hospitality sector. It reports quantitative and qualitative empirical data on the migrants’ reasons for entering the hospitality workforce and their subsequent employment experiences. The findings reveal the main motive for entering employment in hospitality is for self development as migrants wish to use and learn foreign languages, gain work experience and receive other benefits that the sector provides. These self development opportunities are viewed as a means to improve career prospects in the UK or upon return to Poland. Once in the sector, positive experiences associated with hospitality employment include opportunities to meet people and work in a lively environment. Negative aspects relate to working conditions, low pay, physically demanding jobs, discrimination and management behaviour. The research suggests that certain practices and working conditions in the sector pose an obstacle to the long term commitment of migrant workers. Suggestions for the management of migrant human resources are outlined.

Hosting Horn Stars: HONK!TX and Hospitality

by Michael Antares

Completed for a sophomore undergraduate class. Will continue development towards a master's thesis.

Hospitality is a sacred obligation that counts among humanity’s oldest customs. Since ancient times, hosts have been... more Hospitality is a sacred obligation that counts among humanity’s oldest customs. Since ancient times, hosts have been called to recognize the divinity of visitors and ensure guests receive food, drink and shelter, asking nothing in return.  Drawing on brass band culture and engaging the public through the medium of alternative community street band performances, HONK! festivals invite musical exploration and celebration for free. Musicians travel at personal expense and, in return for the free public performances they offer, they receive food, drink and shelter from local volunteers. This report explores this unique intersection of modern ethnomusicology and hospitality anthropology, and will describe the organization behind, and experience of, hosting 195 visiting community street band musicians during the inaugural HONK!TX festival. Ultimately, it attempts to answer the question: why do volunteers open their homes to strangers?

From food, work and organization to the study of hospitality and organization: reconsidering the special issue of Human Relations, 61: 7 (2008).

by Peter Lugosi

Lugosi, P., 2011. From food, work and organization to the study of hospitality and organization: reconsidering the special issue of Human Relations, 61: 7 (2008). Hospitality & Society, 1 (1), pp. 85-89.

From Marketing to Market Practices: Assembling the Ruin Bars of Budapest

by Peter Lugosi

Co-authored with Peter Erdelyi. Published as Chapter 24 in (2009) Marketing Innovations for Sustainable Destinations. Ed. by Alan Fyall, Metin Kozak, Luisa Andreu, Juergen Gnoth, Sonja Sibila. Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers, pp. 298-310. Winner of Best Paper Award at Advances in Tourism Marketing Conference 2009.

In a recent special issue of Marketing Theory, Araujo et al. (2008) call on the marketing discipline to embrace the... more In a recent special issue of Marketing Theory, Araujo et al. (2008) call on the marketing discipline to embrace the insights of the social study of markets in economic sociology as a promising avenue for revitalising the classical concepts of marketing. Drawing on the research programme launched by Michel Callon’s 1998 volume, The Laws of the Markets, they suggest that one traditional disciplinary distinction be abandoned in particular: “Although convenient, a distinction between market-making practices – defined as activities that shape the overall market structure – and marketing practices – defined as firm-based activities aimed at developing an actor’s position within a structure – is misleading” (Araujo et al., 2008: 8).

    In this paper, we take up Araujo et al.’s (2008) call to deploy such a constructivist economic sociology perspective in the study of an empirical case. The case study concerns the emergence of the so-called romkert (meaning ‘ruin garden’) or romkocsma (‘ruin pub’) phenomenon in Budapest between 1999 and 2008 (see Lugosi and Lugosi, 2008). A ruin or rom bar, terms we use interchangeably in this paper, is a hospitality venue that incorporates its ruinous surroundings (such as dilapidated courtyards and other distressed material goods) as part of its service concept and the consumer experience. We re-describe this case using the actor-network theory (ANT) perspective of Callon and colleagues.

Women, Children and Hospitable Spaces

by Peter Lugosi

A shorter version of this paper was published as Lugosi, P., 2010. Women, Children and Hospitable Spaces. Hospitality Review, 12 (1), pp. 31-38.

This paper argues that the patronage of women with children has been largely ignored by hospitality academics. It... more This paper argues that the patronage of women with children has been largely ignored by hospitality academics. It establishes the context for the study of the subject as well as helping to set the research agenda by reviewing existing literature, identifying relevant bodies of literature which may underpin the future study of the subject, and pointing to gaps in current knowledge. The paper discusses the organisational challenges and opportunities in targeting or hosting these consumer segments. It focuses on venue design, facilities and the spatial strategies for accommodating women with children in venues. The paper also discusses issues concerning emotional labour and consumer co-creation, and it argues that studies of consumer experience in hospitality need to shift emphasis from dyadic relationships, involving hosts and guests, to considering triadic relationships, involving hosts, guests and others, including other guests and consumers not directly involved in the consumption experience.

Queer Consumption and Commercial Hospitality: Communitas, Myths and the Production of Liminoid Space

by Peter Lugosi

This is the accepted version. The final version was published as Lugosi, P., 2007. Queer consumption and commercial hospitality: communitas, myths and the production of liminoid space. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 27 (3/4), pp. 163-174. DOI: 10.1108/01443330710741093. Please consult the published version if citing.

Purpose – This paper develops a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between sexual dissidence,... more Purpose – This paper develops a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between sexual dissidence, gender transgression and commercial hospitality. It is argued that this can be used to examine how ideological assumptions about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) consumers are mobilised in the production and consumption of hospitality spaces.

Approach – The paper synthesises three theoretical strands: first, Turner’s concepts of the liminoid and communitas; second, anthropological and socio-political conceptions of myth and myth-making; and third, Lefebvre’s spatial dialectic in the production of material, abstract and symbolic space. It is argued that, when considered together, these theoretical approaches help to understand the consumer experience, the ideological assumptions that underpin the experience, and the processes through which the experience is constructed.

Research implications – The application of this framework in empirical research can enhance our understanding of the role of commercial hospitality spaces in reproducing and challenging particular ideological assumptions about LGBT consumers. It can inform the operational strategies of commercial organisations. Furthermore, it can underpin a critical perspective on management, which encourages practitioners to develop a sense of social responsibility towards the communities of consumers they target.

Originality/value – The holistic nature of this approach helps to analyse the relationship between consumption and community ideologies at the micro level of personal interaction, the meso level of group and organisational norms, and the macro level of societal structures and agencies. Applying this framework to empirical research will also help to understand the nature of consumption and production within commercial hospitality. 

Consumer Participation In Commercial Hospitality

by Peter Lugosi

This is the accepted version. The final version was published as Lugosi, P., 2007. Consumer participation in commercial hospitality. International Journal of Culture Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1 (3), pp. 227-236. DOI: 10.1108/17506180710817756. Please consult the published version if citing.

Purpose of this paper
    This paper examines customers’ participation in the production of... more Purpose of this paper
    This paper examines customers’ participation in the production of commercial hospitality. Drawing on a study of queer consumers (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals), the paper considers the ways in which frequently circulated understandings, or myths, shaped consumers’ actions. The case study is used to highlight previously under examined dimensions of participation.

Design/methodology/approach
    The paper draws on an ethnographic study of bar culture. The principal method of data collection was participant observation, which involved working at one venue for 27 months, as well as social visits throughout a five year period. Participant observation was complemented by semi-structured interviews with 26 informants, 19 of whom were interviewed repeatedly during the research. 

Findings
    The paper suggests that three myths were evident in consumers’ behavior: commonality, mutual safety, and the opportunities for liberated, playful consumption. Focusing on two particular aspects of participation: performative display and frontline labor, the paper discusses the ways in which these myths influenced patrons’ actions.

Research implications
      The study suggests that an examination of the cultural dimensions of patronage provides crucial insights into consumer participation. The results will be relevant to social scientists and management academics seeking to understand the relationship between shared interest and identity, consumption, and the production of hospitable spaces.

Originality/value
      This study provides a new understanding of both the nature of and motivations for consumer participation. This challenges existing approaches, which have tended to focus narrowly on the managerial aspects of participation in the service sector.

Ethnography, Ethnographers and Hospitality Research: Communities, Tensions and Affiliations

by Peter Lugosi

This is the accepted, pre-proof version. This was published as: Lugosi, P., 2009. Ethnography, Ethnographers and Hospitality Research: Communities, Tensions and Affiliations. Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 6 (2), pp. 95-107. DOI: 10.1080/14790530902981431. Please consult the final published version if citing.

This paper examines the professional and moral positions of ethnographers located in institutions specializing in... more This paper examines the professional and moral positions of ethnographers located in institutions specializing in hospitality management. The paper considers the notion of ethnographic subjectivity and argues that ethnographers working in various paradigmatic contexts have differing relationships with the principles and practices of social science, organisation studies and commercial activity. It is suggested that they are simultaneously members of disparate communities with conflicting norms and values. The paper identifies the cultural and institutional forces that shape the absence, presence and the potential future of ethnography in hospitality management research. 

Migrant networks, language learning and tourism employment

by Peter Lugosi

This paper is published as:
Janta, H., Lugosi, P., Brown, L. and Ladkin, A. Migrant networks, language learning and tourism employment. Tourism Management Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 431-439. Please consult the published version if citing.

This paper examines the relationship between migrants’ social networks, the processes of language acquisition and... more This paper examines the relationship between migrants’ social networks, the processes of language acquisition and tourism employment. Data collected using netnography and interviews are used to identify the strategies that Polish workers in the UK use to develop their language skills. The paper highlights the roles played by co-workers, co-nationals and customers in migrants’ language learning, both in the physical spaces of work and the virtual spaces of internet forums. It also shows how migrant workers exchange knowledge about the use of English during different stages of their migration careers: prior to leaving their country of origin and getting a job, during their employment and after leaving their job. Implications for academic inquiry and human resource management practice are outlined.

Between Overt and Covert Research: Concealment and Disclosure In An Ethnographic Study of Commercial Hospitality

by Peter Lugosi

This is the accepted version. The final version was published as Lugosi, P., 2006. Between overt and covert research: Concealment and disclosure in an ethnographic study of commercial hospitality. Qualitative Inquiry, 12 (3), pp. 541-561. DOI: 10.1177/1077800405282801. Please consult the published version if citing.

This article examines the ways in which problems of concealment emerged in an ethnographic study of a suburban bar,... more This article examines the ways in which problems of concealment emerged in an ethnographic study of a suburban bar, and considers how disclosure of the research aims, the recruitment of informants and elicitation of information was negotiated throughout the fieldwork. The case study demonstrates how the social context and the relationships with specific informants determined overtness or covertness in the research. It is argued that the existing literature on covert research and covert methods provides an inappropriate frame of reference with which to understand concealment in fieldwork. The article illustrates why concealment is sometimes necessary and often unavoidable, and concludes that the criticisms leveled against covert methods should not stop the fieldworker from engaging in research that involves covertness.