History of Slavery

SLAVERY AT A CROSSROADS: STATE, RELIGION, RACE AND LAW IN MUSLIM WEST AFRICA

by Chris Gratien

DRAFT ONLY

This paper examines one of the earliest intellectual works to directly address the intersecting issues of race and... more This paper examines one of the earliest intellectual works to directly address the intersecting issues of race and slavery that emerged with the rise of a global capitalist economy based on slave labor and the plantation system that took root in the early modern Atlantic. I examine the works of a Muslim scholar, Ahmad Baba al-Tinbukti, who himself was enslaved, and I examine his use of scholarly traditions and innovative thoughts on the origins of race by Muslim scholars such as Ibn Khaldoun to author a resounding critique of not just race-based slavery but the entire practice of enslavement as he experienced it in the realms of the Moroccan caliphate of Ahmad al-Mansur.

The Implications of Slave Women's Sexual Service in Late Medieval Italy

by Sally McKee

Domestic Slavery in Renaissance Italy

by Sally McKee

Inherited Status and Slavery in Late Medieval Italy and Venetian Crete

by Sally McKee

Past & Present 2004

Households in Fourteenth-Century Venetian Crete

by Sally McKee

She's Only A Bird in a Gilded Cage: Freedwoman at Trimalchio's Dinner Party

by Liz Gloyn

Published in Classical Quarterly (2012) 62.1: 260-280.

ESCLAVES TURCS A CADIX.

by Arturo Morgado García

The wars between the Ottomans, the Venetians and the Imperials during the late seventeenth century led to the... more The wars between the Ottomans, the Venetians and the Imperials during the late seventeenth century led to the enslavement of many Turks (mostly women), who have been sold around the Mediterranean countries and cities, such as in Cadiz. This paper aims at studying their integration into urban life. After being freed, especially when they were white, many remained in Cadiz, namely women often married Italian immigrants. They, however, never economically prospered.

EL MERCADO DE ESCLAVOS EN EL CADIZ DE LA EDAD MODERNA (1650-1750).

by Arturo Morgado García

Beginning in the mid-seventeenth century, slavery in Spain underwent a decline, although it remained active in Cadiz... more Beginning in the mid-seventeenth century, slavery in Spain underwent a decline, although it remained active in Cadiz until at least the early years of the eighteenth century. This work offers an analysis of the slave market in the city between 1650 and 1750, studying the condition of slaves sold, the prices, the merchants and the buyers.

LOS LIBERTOS EN EL CADIZ DE LA EDAD MODERNA.

by Arturo Morgado García

The incidence of slavery in Cádiz at Early Modern Times
had as consequence the existente of too many freedmen,... more The incidence of slavery in Cádiz at Early Modern Times
had as consequence the existente of too many freedmen, subsaharians principally, but turks and nortafricans too. This article pretend a cuantification of this phenomen, so a study of the integration of these freedmen in the cotidian life of the city.

SOLIDARIDADES Y CONFLICTOS: LA POBLACION ESCLAVA EN EL CADIZ DE LA MODERNIDAD.

by Arturo Morgado García

Published in Jahrbuch für Geschichte Lateinamerikas, 48/2011.

From mid-seventeenth century, Cadiz turned into the great Spanish slave center, coinciding with its conversion into... more From mid-seventeenth century, Cadiz turned into the great Spanish slave center, coinciding with its conversion into the capital of colonial trade. Thousands of slaves arrived in the city from that time on and they came from varied backgrounds: North Africa, Sub Saharan Africa, Ottoman Empire, etc. Their ntegration into city life was not easy, being strongly influenced by their relations with the owners, which rarely were affectionate, their precarious family situation (reflected in a strong marriage endogamy and a high proportion of illegitimate births), and the limited possibilities of social integration, limiting their relationships - most of the time - to their likes. The life of a slave in Cadiz was in many aspects very similar to the life of slaves in the colonial world. The city silenced the presence of slaves, as they hardly influenced the culture of modern Cadiz. Until the Cortes of 1812, hardly anyone in Cadiz would question the presence of slavery.

VIDAS REINVENTADAS: LA CONDICION ESCLAVA EN EL CADIZ DE LA MODERNIDAD.

by Arturo Morgado García

Published in Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies: Vol. 36: Iss. 1, Article 4.

Desde mediados del siglo XVII Cádiz se convierte en uno de los principales centros esclavistas españoles, arribando a... more Desde mediados del siglo XVII Cádiz se convierte en uno de los principales centros esclavistas españoles, arribando a la ciudad numerosos hombres y mujeres procedentes del norte de Africa, el Imperio otomano o el Africa subsahariana. Todos ellos hubieron de reconstruir en la medida de lo posible su existencia, iniciando nuevas relaciones humanas, en las que la sombra del amo siempre estaba presente, formando núcleos familiares, aunque ello no impidiese la omnipresencia de la explotación sexual, ejerciendo un sinfin de ocupaciones, siempre de escasa especialización, y adoptando, más o menos interiorizadas, unas creencias religiosas muy distintas a las de su lugar de origen, aunque los de origen musulmán pudieron conservar en mayor medida su religión.

THE PRESENCE OF BLACK AFRICAN WOMEN IN THE SLAVE SYSTEM OF CADIZ (1650-1750).

by Arturo Morgado García

Forthcoming in Slavery & Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies.

From 1650, the slave trade flourished in the city of Cadiz as a consequence of its increasing involvement in American... more From 1650, the slave trade flourished in the city of Cadiz as a consequence of its increasing involvement in American colonial trade. The city received North African Muslims, subjects of the Ottoman Empire and especially black Africans, who started to be the dominant group in the 1670s. About half of them were women, who suffered triple discrimination: as women, as slaves and as black people. This article analyses their presence in the slave market of Cadiz between 1650 and 1750.

The Specter of Las Casas: José Antonio Saco and the Persistence of Spanish Colonialism in Cuba

by Christopher Schmidt-Nowara

Itinerario 25 (2001): 93-109

José Antonio Saco's histories of slavery, the slave trade, and Spanish colonization and his use of Bartolomé de las... more José Antonio Saco's histories of slavery, the slave trade, and Spanish colonization and his use of Bartolomé de las Casas as a historical source and as a rhetorical model.

Slavery and Colonialism: The Worst Terrorism on Africa

by Mohamed Eno

Co-authored with Omar A. Eno, Mohamed H. Ingiriis, and Jamal M. Haji; Published in African Renaissance, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2012.

Humans need not justify terrorism of any kind, regardless of whether one is Muslim, Christian or Jew, because it is... more Humans need not justify terrorism of any kind, regardless of whether one is Muslim, Christian or Jew, because it is the axis of evil and devastation of mankind. However, the deliberate use of the term terrorism in recent decades was carefully selected, mainly, against a certain religion (Islam). The idea was then globally politicized by the Western world. Leaving that scholarly view in its own right, we disagree with the opinion raising terrorism as the devil’s just-born child of evil, when in reality Africans had been terrorized for centuries as slaves and human chattel. Hence the basis for the concept of this thesis: conceptualizing the episode of ‘terrorism’ and ‘terrorist’ from the broader perspective of its practice from the Middle Passage or the Atlantic Slave Trade. To portray that argument and broaden the scope of the debate over this critically sensitive subject, we divided the discussion into three sections: an examination of what constitutes terrorism and terrorist; history of terrorism and terrorists from an Africa perspective; and the ideological constraints within the subject of terrorism as practiced by the US and its Western allies.

Building the State in Dahomey: Power and Landscape on the Bight of Benin

by J. Cameron Monroe

In Power and Landscape in Atlantic West Africa: Archaeological Perspectives, edited by J. Cameron Monroe and Akin Ogundiran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 191-221.

Power and Landscape in Atlantic West Africa

by J. Cameron Monroe

With Akin Ogundiran. In Power and Landscape in Atlantic West Africa: Archaeological Perspectives, edited by J. Cameron Monroe and Akin Ogundiran (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 1-46.

Kilombos, sim senhor

by Patricia Schor

Published in website, March 7 2012

Review of film Kilombos, about the communities of slave descendents in Brazil, their history and changing traditions -... more Review of film Kilombos, about the communities of slave descendents in Brazil, their history and changing traditions - filmed in Brazil and Guinea Bissau.

‘The Indian Ocean historic digital image library’ In Association des Docteurs et Doctorants de La Réunion : Revue de la Recherche (3) 2008. 2p (in French)

by Heloise Finch-Boyer

Check out the Indian Ocean historic image library at http://www.ihoi.org/app/photopro.sk/ihoi_icono/home?lang=eng

On pages 8 and 9 of the magazine there is a 2008 interview with Dr David Gagneur, the project manager for the Indian... more On pages 8 and 9 of the magazine there is a 2008 interview with Dr David Gagneur, the project manager for the Indian Ocean historic image library, based in La Reunion.

Check out the recently updated (2012) Indian Ocean historic image library at http://www.ihoi.org/app/photopro.sk/ihoi_icono/home?lang=eng

Understanding the illegal slave trade during the British occupation of La Réunion (1810-1815)’ In Labache et al (eds.) Identité et Société Réunionnaise. Nouvelles Perspectives, Nouvelles Approches. Paris: Karthala 2004. 21p (in French)

by Heloise Finch-Boyer

Schmerz in Photographien von Ex-Sklaven um 1863/Pain in Photographs of Freed Slaves, 1863

by Simon Strick

In: Um/Ordnungen: Fotogra!sche Ordnungen von
Menschenbildern. Eds. Klaus Krüger, Matthias Weiß and Leena Crasemann. München: Wilhelm Fink
Verlag, 2010