History of Nationalism and Nation-Building

TartariaMag_issue1-2012

by Nikolay Tsyrempilov

JOURNAL ARTICLE - Transplant or Graft? Hroch and the Mexican Patriotic Movements

by Henio Hoyo

Published in: Nationalities Papers 38(6): 793-812. [2010]
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00905992.2010.517517

In his highly influential work on the “small,” stateless European nations, Hroch seems to assume that patriotic... more In his highly influential work on the “small,” stateless European nations, Hroch seems to assume that patriotic movements have a homogeneous view about the core relations or “ties” that constitute and identify their nations. This assumption seems generally correct for the cases Hroch studies. However, is it correct if applied to the study of those patriotic movements developing in comparatively larger, heterogeneous and underdeveloped societies, comprising several ethnic groups bound together by the colonialist rule of an autocratic empire? I argue that, while the colonial experience can lead to the creation of some ties among the dominated populations, it also affects the way patriotic movements perceive their own nations. As a result, the phase of patriotic agitation can involve diverse movements addressing the same nation, but each having a particular view on the features and history of it. Such contested patriotic doctrines can lead to very important variations in the political agendas and goals of those movements, especially when they reach the mass phase. The nineteenth century movements in New Spain/Mexico will be used as an example.

BOOK CHAPTER - Transplant or graft? Hroch and the Mexican patriotic movements

by Henio Hoyo

In: MAXWELL, Alexander Maxwell (ed.) The Comparative Approach to National Movements. New York: Routledge, 2011 pp. 25-43.
ISBN 978-0-415-68196-4

[Reprint of the 2010 article, in book format]
Abstract:
In his highly influential work on the “small,”... more [Reprint of the 2010 article, in book format]
Abstract:
In his highly influential work on the “small,” stateless European nations, Hroch seems to assume that patriotic movements have a homogeneous view about the core relations or “ties” that constitute and identify their nations. This assumption seems generally correct for the cases Hroch studies. However, is it if applied to the study of those patriotic movements developing in comparatively larger, heterogeneous and underdeveloped societies, comprising several ethnic groups bound together by the colonialist rule of an autocratic empire? I argue that, while the colonial experience can lead to the creation of some ties among the dominated populations, it also affects the way patriotic movements perceive their own nations. As a result, patriotic agitation (phase B) can involve diverse movements addressing the same nation, but each having a particular vision of the features and history of it. Such contested patriotic doctrines lead to important variations in the political agendas and goals of those movements, especially when becoming mass movements (phase C). The nineteenth century movements in New Spain/Mexico will be used as an example

Some Reflections on the Politics of Ancient History, Archaeological Practice and Nation-Building in Israel/Palestine

by Emanuel Pfoh

In: E. Pfoh and K.W. Whitelam (eds.), The Politics of Israel's Past: The Bible, Archaeology and Nation-Building (Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, forthcoming 2012).

The Impact of Energy Resources on Nation- and State-Building: The Contrasting Cases of Azerbaijan and Georgia

by Murad Ismayilov

Ismayilov, Murad (2012). "The Impact of Energy Resources on Nation- and State-Building: The Contrasting Cases of Azerbaijan and Georgia", in Shaffer, Brenda & Taleh Ziyadov (2012) Beyond the Resource Curse, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Chapter conclusion: As the analysis evinced, although the two regional states—Azerbaijan and Georgia—displayed... more Chapter conclusion: As the analysis evinced, although the two regional states—Azerbaijan and Georgia—displayed behavioural patterns that fit well under the explanatory notion of the ‘struggle for recognition,’ what recognition is, how its end-state is understood, and what its dynamics and ultimate effects on collective identity formation have been is different in each of the two cases; a variation conditioned by, and contingent upon, ‘brute material’ influences that the pipeline/energy politics had to bear upon the states in the region.

Experiencing Identities: Making and Remaking African Communities

by Uoldelul Chelati Dirar

Co-authored with Richard Reid, in 'Journal of Eastern African Studies', 1:2 (2007): 234 - 237

Colonialism and the construction of national identities: the case of Eritrea

by Uoldelul Chelati Dirar

in 'Journal of Eastern African Studies', 1, 2, (2007): 256-276.

Itineraries for a republic: Tourism and travel culture in modern China, 1866--1954

by Yajun Mo

Imagineering tailor-made pasts for nation-building and tourism: A comparative perspective

by Noel B. Salazar

Salazar, Noel B. 2010. Imagineering tailor-made pasts for nation-building and tourism: A comparative perspective. In J. Schlehe, M. Uike-Bormann, C. Oesterle & W. Hochbruck (Eds.), Staging the past: Themed environments in transcultural perspectives (pp. 77-93). Bielefeld: Transcript.

Servire l'Ideologia: Storiografia e Nazionalismo nella Romania di Ceausescu

by Francesco Zavatti

This article originally appeared on Modena History Institute's "Annale 2011", Edizioni Artestampa, Modena, 2011, pp. 44-51. Written in Italian (English version will come soon).

Los límites de la maleabilidad de la historia nacional en Cacha, una jurisdicción indígena en los andes ecuatorianos

by Sergio Miguel Huarcaya

Revista Andina, No. 40, 2005.

Following the fallacious historical narrative of the Kingdom of Quito (1780), by Juan de Velasco, the Ecuadorian State... more Following the fallacious historical narrative of the Kingdom of Quito (1780), by Juan de Velasco, the Ecuadorian State has depicted the indigenous jurisdiction of Cacha, in the Province of Chimborazo, as the birthplace of Ecuadorian mestizo nationality. Through archival and ethnographic research, I demonstrate that Cachans had an ambivalent stance towards the official account not only because it is not part of their social memory but also because, as a social charter of the dominant mestizo society, it excluded living indigenous peoples from the Ecuadorian nation.

Die Pforten der Christenheit

by Florian Kührer

A Visit to Ata-Beiit: Dialogue with the Communist Past Closes in Kyrgyzstan

by Catherine Owen

Draft only.

Nestled in the sun-scorched foothills of the Tien Shan mountain range near Chon Tash village in the Alamüdün district... more Nestled in the sun-scorched foothills of the Tien Shan mountain range near Chon Tash village in the Alamüdün district of Kyrgyzstan’s Chui oblast’ lies a small yet moving memorial cemetery called Ata-Beiit, ‘Fathers’ Cemetery’. The site, about 20 km south east of Bishkek, is the final resting place for the 137 victims of a Soviet mass execution in the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR), as well as the celebrated Kyrgyz author, Chingiz Aitmatov, whose father Törökul was among those executed here in 1938, and 16 victims of the 2010 revolution in Bishkek.  As its name suggests, Ata-Beiit honours the men whose fortunes have helped to constitute the current national identity of post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. In what follows below, I take a critical journey through Ata-Beiit, considering the histories of the people who lie here, and examining the different aspects of the Kyrgyz national idea that are represented in their graves. I draw the conclusion that the burial of the victims of 2010’s so-called ‘April Events’ also signifies the burial of the potential for open discussion of the communist past at Ata-Beiit, because the new memorial, with its Islamic-nationalist symbolism, has transformed the site from a place of remembrance of the victims of communism into a nation-building tool.

National Museums in Romania

by Simina Badica

in Aronsson, Peter ; Elgenius, Gabriella (eds), Building National Museums in Europe 1750–2010. Conference proceedings from EuNaMus, European National Museums: Identity Politics, the Uses of the Past and the European Citizen, Bologna 28-30 April 2011. EuNaMus Report No. 1. Linköping University Electronic Press: 2011, available at http://www.ep.liu.se/ecp_home/index.en.aspx?issue=064 (10/15/2011)

The idea of a Romanian National Museum is contemporary to the creation of the Romanian national state and the birth of... more The idea of a Romanian National Museum is contemporary to the creation of the Romanian national state and the birth of Romanian museology, yet there are several museums that made claims on representing the Romanian nation at different moments in its history, with no single museum being recognized as The national museum. Four major museums are included in this report insofar as they make or made strong statements on the national issue throughout the last two centuries: the National History Museum of Romania, the Romanian Peasant National Museum (with its predecessor the Carol I National Museum), the disappeared History Museum of the Romanian Communist Party and the recent Sighet Memorial-Museum to the Victims of Communism and to the Resistance.
Special attention is given to the history of one building, designed to be THE Romanian National Museum, finally hosting several museums whose history is thus intertwined. This report sheds light not only on the stories museums display but also the hidden stories behind exhibiting and collecting, the personalities that shaped their identity, their silences, traumas and unsolved dilemmas.

< i> Kampong</i>, fire, nation: Towards a social history of postwar Singapore

by Kah Seng Loh

The Promethean Dilemma: Third-Party State-building in occupied territories

by Harris Mylonas

Keith Darden and Harris Mylonas. 2011. “The Promethean Dilemma: Third-Party State-building in occupied territories”. Ethnopolitics, DOI:10.1080/17449057.2011.596127

Contemporary occupying powers seeking to build states on foreign soil are faced with a fundamental dilemma: How can... more Contemporary occupying powers seeking to build states on foreign soil are faced with a fundamental dilemma: How can they transfer coercive and organizational capacity to the local population without such capabilities being used to undermine the occupiers’ efforts to establish stable governance of the territory? Current thinking holds that the best way to manage the transition is to do it quickly, either by recruiting indigenous army and police units as rapidly as possible or by co-opting pre-existing groups of fighters to make them serve the state. If the occupier can build roads, provide public services, and expand the army and the police, so the thinking currently goes, he will achieve the necessary ‘buy-in’ from the local population that will allow him to pack up his things and go home, leaving a stable new order in his stead. When it comes to putting guns in the hands of the indigenous population, sooner is better.

Assimilation and its Alternatives: Caveats in the Study of Nation-Building Policies

by Harris Mylonas

Harris Mylonas. 2010. “Assimilation and its Alternatives: Caveats in the Study of Nation-Building Policies", In Rethinking Violence: States and Non-State Actors in Conflict, eds. Adria Lawrence and Erica Chenoweth. BCSIA Studies in International Security, MIT Press.

Toponymic books and the representation of Indigenous identities

by Laura Kostanski

Kostanski, L., ‘Toponymic Books and the Representation of Indigenous Identities’ in Hercus, L., Hodges, F. & Koch, H., Aboriginal Placenames Old and New, Aboriginal Studies Press: Canberra, 2009.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century the Surveyor-General of the colony of New South Wales, Major Thomas... more At the beginning of the nineteenth century the Surveyor-General of the colony of New South Wales, Major Thomas Mitchell (1838: 174), had expressed the desire to use Indigenous names for places because they were the only ones deemed suitable to describe the Australian landscape. I have termed this colonial phenomenon of utilising Indigenous names for colonial places a process of  Anglo-Indigenous toponymy, wherein the names once used exclusively for Indigenous landscape purposes were captured by colonial powers and used for their own means of identifying the landscape (Kostanski 2003, 2005). Towards
the close of the nineteenth century when that formerly ‘untamed wilderness’ of Australian land had been claimed by colonists, a further process of AngloIndigenous identification developed in the form of homogenising the multiple pre-1788 cultures into one amorphous identity. In a sense, at this stage in the development of Australian identity, localised Anglo-Indigenous identification
began to narrow into a more exclusively colonial and Australian phenomenon.

This paper will show how the nation-building project that characterised post-1901 Australian society can be linked to changing promotions of placenames of Indigenous origin. Ann McGrath (1989: 34) argued that this process led to the development of a contemporary cultural vacuum, where today Indigenous cultural heritage is discussed in an ill-informed manner. By tracking the development of generalist published toponymic reference books (and word books which included lists of toponyms) the progression of multiple Indigenous
identities becoming recognised as one fused identity, an ‘Australian Aboriginal’ identity, can be found. Eighteen toponymic reference books have been located for this paper, spanning a publishing period of 96 years from 1907 to 2002.

It is proposed that the majority of toponymic reference books created in the twentieth century were informed by a culture of nation-building.It should be noted that throughout the twentieth century there have been many distinguished historians and linguists who have researched Indigenous languages and their toponyms with careful diligence. These publications have
been of tremendous use in promoting and preserving Indigenous cultures. They will not be the focus of this paper, which will prefer to look at the general reference publications which strayed from academic knowledge, and tended towards ‘mainstream’ audiences. This trait of publishing for a mainstream Australian audience had different effects on the reference publications and their representations of Indigenous cultures and languages.

Conceptual Debates in Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration

by Stephen Larin

Larin, Stephen J. "Conceptual Debates in Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration." In The International Studies Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Denemark, 438-57. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

The purpose of this essay is to review some of the basic conceptual debates in nationalism studies under the broad and... more The purpose of this essay is to review some of the basic conceptual debates in nationalism studies under the broad and interrelated categories of ethnicity, nations and nationalism, and classification of nations and nationalism. The sheer volume of literature produced on these subjects, particularly since the collapse of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, poses a major challenge, but the present selective focus using key and influential texts as examples should provide the reader with a solid foundation for further research. The essay has three sections, organized as follows. The first, on ethnicity, provides a brief history of the term and an overview of what is usually described as the debate between primordialist and instrumentalist accounts of ethnicity, but suggests that this characterization is misleading. Section two, on nations and nationalism, begins with a similar etymology before surveying the debate between modernist, perennialist, and ethno-symbolist conceptions of the nature of and relations between those two phenomena. Finally, the third section reviews the range of ways that nations and nationalism have been classified, including the now dominant distinction between civic and ethnic types.


This essay is part of the "Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration" section of the International Studies Association's "International Studies Encyclopedia" (www.isacompendium.com).

The Literary Club as Imagined National Community: Allan Ramsay and the Easy Club (1712-1715).

by Corey E. Andrews

Eighteenth-Century Scotland 16 (2002): 8-12.

The dilemma of Scottish national identity in the eighteenth century can be productively explored by looking at the... more The dilemma of Scottish national identity in the eighteenth century can be productively explored by looking at the imagined national community created in the wake of Scotland’s Union with England in 1707; specifically, this article analyzes the function of the Scottish literary club as a site of national community. Focusing on the club activity of Scottish poet Allan Ramsay (1686-1758), it discusses his involvement from 1712 to 1715 with a literary and social club named the Easy Club; the poetry he produced for this club served to unify the group by representing its members as part of an imagined Scottish national community. The struggle over national representation occurring in the Easy Club and mirrored in its contemporary culture lay between Scottish imitation of present English culture or of its own national past. Ramsay resolved this conflict in his club verse by unifying club members through the construction of an imagined national community that extended from past Scottish heroes and authors into the lives of their present-day imitators in the club.