History of Crusades

Call for Papers––31st Haskins Society––Boston, November

by Robin Fleming

The Role of Christian Spirituality in 13th Century Interpretations of the Fall of Constantinople: Relics and Icons as Interpretive Lenses

by Donna Hawk-Reinhard

Lope Fernández, bishop of Morocco, His Diplomatic Role in the Planning of an Anglo-Castilian Crusade into Northern Africa.

by Olga Mendez

Thirteenth-Century England 14. Proceedings of the 2011 Aberystwyth and Lampeter Conference, ed. Janet Burton, Phillipp Schofield, Karen Stöber and Björn Weiler (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, forthcoming May 2013)

Identifying the Real Saviors of Acre (1190-1191): A Database of Individual Crusaders and Mouvances, and the first Teutonic Knights

by Dana Cushing

Presented to the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East (sponsored session) at the 21st International Conference of Historical Sciences, Amsterdam, July 2010.

PAPER ACCOMPANIES DATABASE. As we celebrate the 820th anniversary of the re-foundation of the Teutonic Order at Acre,... more PAPER ACCOMPANIES DATABASE. As we celebrate the 820th anniversary of the re-foundation of the Teutonic Order at Acre, details of this seminal event remain confused, conflated, or simply overlooked in the passage of time. Even certain contemporaries of the renewed “Hospital of Our Lady of the Germans” at Acre were somewhat vague on the details of this compelling event. These Crusaders formed an organization which would encompass many thousands of people across multiple generations and vast distances. Noble patronage quickly followed – clearly the event struck a chord with contemporaries – and, in the end, nothing succeeded like the Teutonic Order’s success. But how do we, some eight centuries after the event, discover what really happened? A key document is the eyewitness testimony written circa 1191 by a German crusader who participated in the events of 1189. Called De Itinere Navali after the title Charles Wendell David gave it, this manuscript, with which I have worked for the past several years, contains a wealth of detailed information recorded by a reliable observer. While their eyewitness manuscript survives only in a fragment, nevertheless one can trace its author’s “seaborne” group through contemporary narratives to identify the first Teutonic Knights at Acre.

Crusades as Long War

by Dana Cushing

A proposed definition of the Crusades as a Long War using the RAND framework.  A proposed definition of the Crusades as a Long War using the RAND framework. 

'Holy War': An Exploration of Religious Warfare in the Middle East

by Victoria Whitecotton

SEALIFT: The Logistics of Richard of England's Third Crusade

by Dana Cushing

***SPEAKER COPY ONLY*** This paper was presented in at Kalamazoo in 2000 and it is posted here only so that colleagues can see my calculations. Unfortunately the polished (article) file was corrupted so this is the best file currently available.

This paper calculates the material and financial costs of launching King Richard's crusade from England to Messina,... more This paper calculates the material and financial costs of launching King Richard's crusade from England to Messina, including detailed breakdowns of the money and cargo information by type of material or animal.

Aspects of non-noble family involvement in the Order of the Temple

by Jochen Schenk

published in The Military Orders Volume 4: On Land and by Sea, ed. J. Upton-Ward (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), 155–161

Some Hagiographical Evidence for Templar Spirituality, Religious Life and Conduct

by Jochen Schenk

published in in Revue Mabillon, 22 (2011), 99–119

Database of 3rd Crusaders (Aug 2010 version)

by Dana Cushing

ACCOMPANIES SSCLE/ICHS PAPER "IDENTIFYING..." OF JULY 2010.

***DRAFT ONLY*** This spreadsheet correlates my research identifying approximately 1,000 Crusaders including 8... more ***DRAFT ONLY*** This spreadsheet correlates my research identifying approximately 1,000 Crusaders including 8 individuals from Luebeck who may have been among the first Teutonic Knights. This database is limited to the Third Crusade era (1187-1197 AD). Ultimately, I would like this database project to cover all of the Crusades and to have a permanent (university-based) internet home.

A more polished database is currently under construction -- it includes a "wiki" so that any researcher may add or edit information, a standardized ratings scale for source reliability, more in-depth "mouvance" information, and more bibliographical citations. Comments and suggestions for improvement are welcomed!

If you would like to help construct or host this database, please contact me!

"Fate, Prediction and the Threat of Total Destruction in Spain: A Fifteenth-Century Nightmare", International Consortium for Research in the Humanities, University of Erlangen-Nüremberg (Occasional Papers), 26 July 2011.

by Ángel Gómez-Moreno

Versión en español:

http://www.ikgf.uni-erlangen.de/content/event-docs/lecture_gomez-moreno_20110726_fatal_prognostications_spanish.pdf

The Crusading State: The Expedition for the Cruzada Indulgence from Trent to Lepanto

by Patrick O'Banion

The Sixteenth Century Journal (forthcoming).

In the mid-sixteenth century, King Philip II of Spain entered into tense negotiations with Rome over the fate of the... more In the mid-sixteenth century, King Philip II of Spain entered into tense negotiations with Rome over the fate of the bula de la cruzada, a crusading indulgence that had been granted to Iberian monarchs since the Middle Ages.  That indulgence had become a means of defraying the cost of war against enemies of the faith.  But endemic abuses and concerns about the growing power of Spanish monarchs in ecclesiastical affairs led popes and Tridentine delegates to pursue an end to the cruzada.  Philip emerged the victor from this contest and in so doing signaled the co-opting of the medieval crusading tradition by the early modern state.  While these developments abetted governmental bureaucratization and centralization in Spain, they also undermined its economic, social, and religious stability, a risk made acceptable by Philip’s own sense of divine mission.

“Only the King Can Do It: Adaptation and Flexibility in Crusade Ideology in Sixteenth Century Spain,”

by Patrick O'Banion

Church History (forthcoming)

Reforming efforts at the Council of Trent (1545-1563), the challenges of Protestantism, the rise of national states,... more Reforming efforts at the Council of Trent (1545-1563), the challenges of Protestantism, the rise of national states, and the reassessment of just war doctrine, had initiated a moment of crisis for crusading by the mid-sixteenth century.  Indeed, historians have described these trends as signaling the end of the movement.  This article explores the theoretical underpinnings deployed by an elite group of Spanish theologian and churchmen in May of 1567 to shore up their monarch’s claim to a lucrative version of the crusade indulgence granted by popes since the fifteenth century.  By rehearsing traditional arguments, eschewing those they saw as obsolete, and deploying new ones, these theorists expose the remarkable adaptability of crusading.  The integrity of papally sanctioned holy war against the enemies of the faith collapsed in later centuries with the rise of international law and recognition of permanent divisions within the respublica Christiana.  Yet, the ability of sixteenth-century Spanish theorists to recast ideology in the face of shifting intellectual, cultural, and social tides indicates the continuing viability of crusading during a period of inchoateness.

“L‟art de la charpenterie et du génie militaire dans le contexte des Croisades : recrutement et fonctions des techniciens francs”

by Nicolas PROUTEAU

In La fortification au temps des Croisades, PUR, 2004, p. 279-286.

Un territorio in trasformazione e i suoi centri: la Valle del Meandro nell’età delle crociate

by Diego Peirano

in Il tesoro delle città, Anno III, Roma, Edizioni Kappa 2005, pp. 408-419. ISBN: 88-7890-702-2

'Honorius III and the Crusade: Responsive Papal Government versus the Memory of his Predecessors', in Peter Clarke and Charlotte Methuen, eds., Studies in Church History 49 (forthcoming, 2013) [peer-reviewed]

by Thomas W. Smith

"Perfectae fidei et amicitiae vinculo insolubili innodatis". Ritualisierte Freundschaftsformen in der Historia Expeditionis Ierosolymitanae von Albericus Aquensis.

by Stergios Laitsos

Der Aufsatz ist die erweiterte und überbearbeitete bzw. griechischsprachige Form meines Referates beim 12. Symposium des Mediävistenverbandes in Trier 19.-22. März 2007
"Verwandtschaft, Freundschaft, Bruderschaft.
Soziale Lebens- und Kommunikationsformen im Mittelalter".


Forthcoming. In: Kolias / Pitsakis (ed.), Timetikos Tomos Prof. Evangelos Chrysos, IBE/EIE, Athen 2011.

Abstrakt:
„perfectae fidei et amicitiae vinculo insolubili innodatis“ - Typen der Freundschaft in der Historia... more Abstrakt:
„perfectae fidei et amicitiae vinculo insolubili innodatis“ - Typen der Freundschaft in der Historia Expeditionis Hierosolymitanae von Albericus Aquensis

Die folgende kleine Studie untersucht die ritualisierte Formen der Freundschaft in der Historia Expeditionis Hierosolymitanae des Albericus Aquensis aus der Zeit des ersten Kreuzzuges. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Untersuchung und Analyse einerseits der amicitia zwischen dem oströmischen Kaiser und den Anführern der Kreuzfahrer und andererseits die Freundschaftsbindungen zwischen den Kreuzfahrern selbst. Es wird hier untersucht und analysiert das Entstehen von Freundschaftsbündnissen und -Bindungen im Kontext mit dem Kreuzzugsgedanken, den Notwendigkeiten und Prioritäten der oströmischen Außenpolitik und den daher hergestellten Machtkonstellationen. Da ist es sehr wohl daran zu erinnern, dass es sich hier nicht um zwischenstaatliche Freundschaften handelt. Dilectio, fides, fidelitas, foedus und honor verbanden sowohl die confratres in Christo als auch ihren Führungspersonen mit dem Kaiser Alexios I Komnenos. Zugleich bildeten diese Freundschaftstypen Kommunikationsformen zwischen den vielfältigen Teilen der hochmittelalterlichen Christenheit. Es bedeutet, dass in ihre ritualisierte Formen, Inhalte, Funktionen und den Beschlussverlauf selbst die pragmatischen und ideologischen Verhältnisse bzw. die Einstellungen und die Interessen der Mitbeteiligten sich widerspiegeln. Die Studie zeigt durch die narrative motive des Rituals den dynamischen Charakter und Inhalt der amicitia Bindungen bzw. Verhältnissen.

Esclavos musulmanes en los hospitales de la orden de Santiago

by Ana Echevarria

Demetrius of Thessaloniki: Patron Saint of Crusaders

by Elizabeth Lapina

Nomadic Violence in the First Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Military Orders

by Jochen Schenk

published in Reading Medieval Studies, 36 (2010), 35–55 published in Reading Medieval Studies, 36 (2010), 35–55