History Of Propaganda

Il sogno di Annibale

by Claudio Vacanti

in Sogni e visioni nel mondo antico, Atti del Convegno di Studio (Palermo 16-17 ottobre 2007), in Hormos (9) 2007, pp. 359 – 367

Imagens do trabalho nos séculos XX e XXI: movimentos do sentido nas representações do corpo associadas à esfera produtiva

by Vander Casaqui

Em co-autoria com Tânia Hoff.

Title:
Images of labor in the 20th and 21st centuries: Shifts of meaning in the representations of the body... more Title:
Images of labor in the 20th and 21st centuries: Shifts of meaning in the representations of the body associated with the productive sphere –

Abstract:
The purpose of this article is to investigate the representations of the world of labor and of the bodies located in the productive sphere, based on a historical sample of photographic records and advertisements. We attempt to study the shift of meaning of the representations of the body that are associated with labor, focusing on the conditions of production and on the worldviews of the sociohistorical moment in which they are contextualized. Our analysis covers three historical moments: 1) photographs of the early decades of the 20th century, when the working body was associated to industrial installations and to the society of production that resulted from the Industrial Revolution; 2) mid-century advertising images, when the working body was incorporated to the propaganda strategies of soviet socialism; and 3), images of the working body that were recorded in the global advertising at the beginning of the 21st century, when the body was associated to the sphere of consumption.

Stalin-Bild(er) in der SBZ/DDR: die deutsche Nachkriegsgesellschaft im Spannungsfeld zwischen Propaganda und Erfahrung

by Alexey Tikhomirov

published in: Timmermann H. (ed.), Historische Erinnerung im Wandel. Neuere Forschungen zur deutschen Zeitgeschichte unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der DDR-Forschung, Münster: LIT, 2007, pp. 467-509.

The Stalin Cult between Center and Periphery: Structures of the Cult Community in the Empire of Socialism, 1949-1956 – the Case of GDR, in: Ennker B., Hein-Kircher H. (ed.), Der Führer im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts, Marburg: Herder-Institut, 2010, pp.297-321.

by Alexey Tikhomirov

Slavoj Žižek sur Walter Lippmann: Un méta-commentaire sur la question du pouvoir

by Dominique Trudel

Cet article interroge la présence de la figure de Walter Lippmann dans le corpus žižékien et développe l’hypothèse que... more Cet article interroge la présence de la figure de Walter Lippmann dans le corpus žižékien et développe l’hypothèse que celle-ci s’avère cruciale pour illustrer le fonctionnement contemporain du pouvoir. Après voir montré comment la figure de Lippmann permet également d’exemplifier les concepts de «biopolitique» (Foucault, 2004) et de «société de contrôle» (Deleuze, 1990), cet article propose une relecture de la critique žižékienne des « philosophes pervers » (Foucault et Deleuze) mettant l’accent sur des complémentarités et des incompréhensions entre ces différentes conceptions du pouvoir.

Symbols of Power in Rituals of Violence: The Personality Cult and Iconoclasm on the Soviet Empire’s Periphery (East Germany, 1945–61)

by Alexey Tikhomirov

published in: Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, Volume 13, Number 1, Winter 2012, pp. 47-88.

How to Do Things With Waves: Radio and Pan-Americanism, 1935-45

by Gisela Cramer

Paper prepared for the Annual Conference of the AHA in Boston (2011)

As is well-known among media historians, toward the late 1930s and amidst increasing anxieties about national... more As is well-known among media historians, toward the late 1930s and amidst increasing anxieties about national cohesiveness and the coming of war, radio in the United States came to be used as a means to communicate broader and more inclusive representations of nationhood. Cued by government agencies and civic organizations, the networks now incorporated programs that were meant to embrace, and instill respect for, ethnic and religious minorities. During the war, this trend intensified and broadened in scope, but it came to a rather abrupt end as global victory was at hand.

What is less known is that this quest for unity was not limited to the national arena. Toward the late 1930s and particularly during the war years, radio output in the United States changed markedly also with respect to Latin America. Broadcasters, both large and small, engaged in a variety of strategies that invited U.S. audiences not just to acquaint themselves with the Good Neighbors to the south of the Rio Grande, but to imagine themselves as part of a wider, pan-American world and community of nations.

Radio historians in the past have focused on the role of broadcasting in the formation of a “public, shared and sociable world-in-common” (P. Scannell), and many have fruitfully employed B. Anderson’s notion of “imagined communities” to highlight the importance of radio in the formation of popular cultures within the national arena.

This paper seeks to expand on these topics by introducing an international perspective and to bridge media studies with recent theoretical and empirical work by constructivists in International Relations. More precisely, it probes into the potential and the limitations of radio as a means to instill notions of familiarity or “we-ness” (P. Scannell) on an international scale.

The Shortcomings of Shortwave: U.S. Programming to Latin America during World War II

by Gisela Cramer

paper to be presented at the Annual Conference of the SCMS in Boston (March 2012)

The Shortcomings of Shortwave: U.S. Programming to Latin America during World War II

This paper revisits... more The Shortcomings of Shortwave: U.S. Programming to Latin America during World War II

This paper revisits the early beginnings of (what was to become) the Voice of America. More specifically, it analyzes U.S. shortwave programming to Latin America during World War II.

Whereas previous scholarship focused on the institutional settings and the successive takeover of the shortwave sector by government agencies, in our case, Nelson A. Rockefeller’s Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (most recently, Rabe 2007), this paper explores the inherent potentials and limitations of shortwave radio as a conduit for (what is now commonly called) public diplomacy. Based largely on archival sources, including contemporary reception and audience research conducted by the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA, 1940-6) and other wartime agencies, it shows how the United States was able to improve its relative standing vis-à-vis other shortwave powers (including Germany and Britain), but it also shows the limits of success. Whereas contemporary Hollywood films attracted mass audiences throughout Latin America, U.S. radio proved to have a very limited appeal. Despite considerable efforts to produce informational and entertainment contents that would please larger audiences, U.S. shortwave programs continued to reach rather few listeners south of the Río Grande; and even when rebroadcast over popular local stations in Latin America, most of the Spanish or Portuguese-language programs produced in the United States failed to generate the desired results.

In order to highlight the particular difficulties involved in transnational shortwave broadcasting for public diplomacy purposes, this paper distinguishes between various program types and genres and it contrasts the shortwave experience with a different strategy employed during the war years: the outsourcing of radio productions to Latin America. Vexed by the continuous failure of shortwave to build mass audiences south of the border, Rockefeller’s OCIAA increasingly took to complementing U.S. shortwave broadcasts with programs produced in Latin America to be fed into regional and national networks, employing local scriptwriters and radio talent. Whereas this was a strategy that allowed the OCIAA to overcome many of the shortcomings of transnational shortwave, it brought along a host of new predicaments. Thus, although shortwave fell short of the highflying expectations that had accompanied the expansion of U.S. transnational broadcasting capacities in the late 1930s and early 1940s, it continued to be viewed as an indispensable component in the word war over Latin America (and beyond).

Beauty in the Service of Foreign Diplomacy

by Gisela Cramer

AHA 2006

Between 1940 and 1946, Nelson A. Rockefeller's Office of Inter-American Affairs implemented massive public diplomacy... more Between 1940 and 1946, Nelson A. Rockefeller's Office of Inter-American Affairs implemented massive public diplomacy programs throughout Latin America in order to foster popular support for, and allegiance to, the United States. Campaigns to win the "hearts and minds" of ordinary and not-so-ordinary citizens south of the Rio Grande rested, to some extent, on the mobilization of women both in Latin America and in the United States. Among various activities specifically designed to appeal to women, the Office -in close cooperation with major fashion magazines and related industries- turned to "fashion" as a possible avenue to reach and impress female audiences.
Not only was "fashion" believed to be a highly entertaining and therefore attractive means to communicate issues related to global politics and alliances to women. No less important, the world of fashion was viewed as one of the possible sources of international prestige that was better not left to Paris and Nazi-dominated Europe. If fashion-conscious women had traditionally been looking to France for "inspiration" and "guidance", hemispheric security now seemed to demand a major cultural reorientation. Moreover, the fashion industry was one of various commercial sectors that promised ample opportunities for an intensification of inter-American trade. It was therefore hoped to provide tangible evidence of the materials benefits that a closer cooperation with the United States would bring about. Although a comparatively minor feature among much larger and costlier programs to influence public opinion, the Office's "battle" on the "fashion front" serves to highlight some of the main characteristics, practical implications, and difficulties of the larger undertaking. Hence, this paper sets out to discuss the Fashion Division's activities in the larger framework of the Office's objectives and strategies before turning to explore the specific role "fashion" was hoped to play in inter-American relations during World War II.

De la propaganda a la publicidad

by Antonio Caro

Editorial del nº1, vol. 2 de Pensar la Publicidad. Revista Internacional de Investigaciones Publicitarias, Madrid y Valladolid, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad Complutense y Secretariado de Publicaciones e Intercambio Editorial de la Universidad de Valladolid, enero-junio 2008, pp. 9-12

Constructing a Voice of Degeneracy: Entartete Kunst, Munich, 1937

by Mark Nicolou

draft, seminar paper

This paper examines the use of typography as a separate layer of anti-avant garde propaganda related to the Nazi... more This paper examines the use of typography as a separate layer of anti-avant garde propaganda related to the Nazi exhibition of degenerate art. By tracking the use by the Third Reich of the ideas of degeneracy of script and and the use of the proper Deutsche Schrift, this paper shows the extended efforts by the reich to accomplish Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels vision of "total war."

True lies of Athenian public epigrams

by Andrej Petrovic

The Science Education Film: Cinematizing Technocracy and Internationalizing Development

by Matthew Johnson

Journal of Chinese Cinemas special issue, “The Missing Period of PRC Cinema,” Vol. 5, No. 1 (2011), pp. 31-53.

Leni Riefenstahl y el cine de propaganda.

by Héctor Villarreal

essay
Razón y Palabra, núm. 29, oct.-nov. de 2002.

Adorno on Science and Nihilism, Animals, and Jews

by Babette Babich

Original citation:  Babich, “Adorno on Science and Nihilism, Animals, and Jews.” Symposium: Canadian Journal of Continental Philosophy/Revue canadienne de philosophie continentale. Vol. 14, No. 1, (2011). 110-145.

Adorno’s readers are unsettled by the barest hint of anything that might be taken to be anti-science  Yet for... more Adorno’s readers are unsettled by the barest hint of anything that might be taken to be anti-science  Yet for Adorno, so-called “scientistic” tendencies are the very “conditions of society
and of scientific thought.” Yet his readers tend to refuse criticism of this kind. Scientific rationality cannot itself be problematic after all. Rather than science, it is scientism that is to be avoided. But is Adorno speaking of scientific rationality or scientistic rationality? 
Similar observations can be made with regard to animals (as Adorno saw them vs. his interpreters). And so on.  But overall, and in general, how are we to read Adorno?

Propaganda and Sovereignty in Wartime China: Morale Operations and Psychological Warfare under the OWI

by Matthew Johnson

Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 45, No. 2 (2011), pp. 303-344.

The Evolution of U.S. Government-Funded External Broadcasting: From the dawn of broadcasting to 1948

by Steven Herman

Mountain State Univ., Feb., 2011

Governments can be quick to regulate emerging technology, but slower at utilizing it for their own benefit. Such was... more Governments can be quick to regulate emerging technology, but slower at utilizing it for their own benefit. Such was the case with radio broadcasting in the early 20th century in the United States.

The earliest federal government stations intended to reach a domestic public audience were destined to be limited to those providing time signals and weather reports.

By the early 1920's, there had been discussions in the United State government for the government to beam shortwave transmissions to general audiences in Latin America. But direct government operations would not actually occur until World War II.

Las frágiles imágenes mutuas. España y Japón

by Florentino Rodao

Economía Exterior
Num. Monográfico sobre “Asia, Nueva Frontera Comercial” Estudios de Política Exterior, Nº. 15, pp. 113-122.

Artur Lozano-Mendez. Inter-Asia research group of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona: "Estos días he vuelto a leer la introducción histórica que Florentino Rodao escribió para el estudio estadístico y sociológico de Noya. Me sigue pareciendo un ejemplo difícilmente superable de síntesis y visión panorámica en sólo 30 páginas. Quizá la urgencia de los plazos afectó a la pulcritud de estilo: hay algún pleonasmo y ambigüedad aquí y allá, pero no desmerecen el conjunto y son anecdóticos. En mi opinión, este texto debería ser lectura obligatoria del primer mes de clase del alumnado que accede a Estudios de Asia Oriental." http://3lanesmovingslow.blogspot.com/2010/10/rodao-florentino-2004-la-imagen-en-la.html

Japón y España tienen una imagen identificable, un privilegio que poseen pocos países. Sin embargo, las opiniones de... more Japón y España tienen una imagen identificable, un privilegio que poseen pocos países. Sin embargo, las opiniones de los japoneses y viceversa no satisfacen a nadie. El exotismo, en su aspecto más superficial, sigue dominando el conocimiento mutuo. Aunque en los últimos años ambos países se han esforzado por superar este problema, es preciso completar esta labor en el ámbito cultural y educativo, el turismo, los medios de comunicación y las empresas.

Aux" Origines" De La Communication Gouvernementale: Socio-Histoire D'Un Oubli

by Didier Georgakakis

La République Contre La Propagande D'État? Création Et échecs Du Commissariat Général à L'Information (Juillet 1939-Avril 1940)

by Didier Georgakakis

Revue française de science politique, Volume 48, Numéro 5 , 1998 pp. 606-624