Gender Roles

Modesty Codes in Pentecostalism and Mormonism by Amanda Pumphrey

by Feminism and Religion

Originally posted on the Feminism and Religion project

“You look like a lesbian.” “Why do you want to look like a man?” “Hey, boy head!” These were just some of the... more “You look like a lesbian.” “Why do you want to look like a man?” “Hey, boy head!” These were just some of the responses I got from friends and family when I decided to cut off my hair. The gendered connotations that come with how one decides to wear one’s hair are an overarching signifier of the dominant culture’s obsession with normative appearances. Many religious institutions and congregations uphold normative understandings of appearance and dress. Growing up in a conservative town in rural South Georgia and being raised within a Pentecostal tradition came with many challenges regarding gender, sexuality, and dress.

It’s not easy being a full-time female missionary for the Mormon Church by Rachel Hunt

by Feminism and Religion

Originally posted on the Feminism and Religion project

Before I was born, but after I was conceived, my father had a dream. In this dream, he knew that I would be a great... more Before I was born, but after I was conceived, my father had a dream. In this dream, he knew that I would be a great missionary. And because of this knowledge, (and because he a. didn’t see me in the dream and was b. Mormon*) he thought I would be a boy.

To my mom’s credit, she reminded my dad, “Girls can be great missionaries too,” and to my dad’s credit, he was not disappointed when I did indeed turn out to be a girl. He also never let go of his impression that I would be a great missionary. Perhaps because of this story, perhaps because of hearing his (and my brothers’) mission stories, I grew up sincerely wanting to serve a mission.

It wasn’t until high school that someone first told me that I shouldn’t go on a mission because I was a girl. The words were spoken by my female leader, with the explanation that men were to go on missions and women were to get married. My best friend and I were upset, because we were adamant that we were going, but we brushed it aside, letting it add flame to our desire.

Women, Gender and Domesticity in Turkey

by sule toktas

Implications of Transnational Care-Giving on those 'Left Behind': The New Form of the 'Development of Underdevelopment' Thesis in the late 20th and 21st Centuries

by Cassandra Eberhardt

Undergraduate Thesis

An investigation of how the migration of young women/mothers from Mexico to the United States impacts those ‘left... more An investigation of how the migration of young women/mothers from Mexico to the United States impacts those ‘left behind’, gender roles and family structure. The findings of this thesis show that the migration of young women/mothers is having a primarily negative impact on (1) physical health and economics; (2) education and development implications and; (3) emotional and social development suggesting that there is a ‘gap’ in care which is occurring in the Mexican family created by the absence of mothers and the inability/unwillingness of fathers to assume childcare responsibilities. This ‘gap’ in care in Mexico is part and parcel of a global ‘gap’ in countries of the South that export, promote or facilitate the out-migration of young women/mothers to work in countries of the North for the purpose of securing economic remittances without uttering mechanisms and systematic processes in place that would ensure the well-being of children and families left behind.

The Prediction of University Students’ Willingness to Seek Counseling

by Halil Eksi

Serdar ERKAN Yaşar ÖZBAY Zeynep CİHANGİR-ÇANKAYA Şerife TERZİ
Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice - 12(1) • Winter • 35-42

The aim of this research is to determine the variables that qualify the help seeking behavior (willingness tomore The aim of this research is to determine the variables that qualify the help seeking behavior (willingness to
seek counseling) of Turkish university students. A total of 5829 college students (2974 females, 2841 males, 14
unknown) from eleven universities in Turkey have participated in the study. Personal Form, Self Concealment
Scale, Willingness to Seek Counseling Scale, Problem Areas Scale, Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional
Psychological Help Scale, Multi-Dimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Bem Sex Role Inventory have
been used in the research. Moreover, the hierarchic regression analysis technique has been used in the analysis
of the data. It is observed that the study has significantly predicated the points gathered from independent
variables with the points related to willingness to seek help. This finding shows that independent variables can
be regarded as explaining the 26 % variance related to the help seeking behavior points. The results show that
the most significant predicator of college students’ willingness to seeking psychological help level is positive
attitudes towards seeking psychological help.

Investigation of Starting Romantic Intimacy in Emerging Adulthood in terms of Self-Esteem, Gender and Gender Roles

by Halil Eksi

Ali ERYILMAZ Hasan ATAK
Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice - 11(2) • Spring • 595-600

This study aims, firstly, to examine whether gender plays a decisive role in starting romantic intimacy during the... more This study aims, firstly, to examine whether gender plays a decisive role in starting romantic intimacy during the emerging adulthood period; secondly, to compare emerging adults who are assigned different gender roles,
in terms of starting romantic intimacy; and thirdly, to analyze the level at which self-esteem and gender roles
predict the ability to start romantic intimacy. This study examines the relationship between, gender, gender roles, self-esteem and initiating romantic intimacy at emerging adulthood. A total of 256 individuals (148 female and 108 male) completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Bem Gender Roles Inventory (BGRI) and Markers of Starting Romantic Intimacy Scale. In this study, t-test was used to determine whether gender plays a significant
role in initiating a romantic intimate relationship, and also variance analysis method was used to determine
whether gender roles plays a significant role in initiating a romantic intimate relationship. Besides basic regression analysis was employed to uncover the interaction between initiating a romantic intimate relationship
and gender, self-esteem, and gender roles. It was found out that there was gender difference on starting romantic
intimacy. Regression analysis shows that self-esteem, gender, and also gender roles were the most important
factors for starting romantic intimacy. The findings of the study suggest that there is a statistically significant
relationship between starting romantic intimacy, gender, gender roles, and also self-esteem. The results
of the research were found parallel with the literature, and also they are discussed with respect to emerging
adulthood, gender, self-esteem and cultural factors.

Crisis in Care: Family, Society and the Need for Subsidiarity in Caregiving

by Meghan J. Clark

JOURNAL OF CATHOLIC SOCIAL THOUGHT – 7:1

How "modern" is Modern Family? A Critical Review on the U.S. Sitcom Regarding Gender Roles and Hegemonic Ideologies

by Carolin Lehmann

Final Research Essay, first year BA student - American Studies, Rhetoric and Composition I

Chicken Patriarchy by Caroline Kline

by Feminism and Religion

Originally published on the Feminism and Religion Project.

One of the most powerful and frequently cited Mormon feminist blog posts, Kiskilili’s “The Trouble With Chicken... more One of the most powerful and frequently cited Mormon feminist blog posts, Kiskilili’s “The Trouble With Chicken Patriarchy” on Zelophehad’s Daughters discusses the strange brand of patriarchy Mormons contend with in the modern LDS Church. On the one hand, Mormons are told that men are to preside over their wives, and on the other hand, husbands and wives are told to act as equal partners with one another. As Kiskilili shows in her post, this embracing of two seemingly contradictory stances towards the issue of male headship leaves many Mormon feminists frustrated.

Anne Bronte's "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall": An Opposition To The Patriarchal Society of The 19th Century Britain - by Çağla Narter.

by Çağla Narter

Expelling the Demon of Effeminacy: Anniwiyanis Ritual and the Question of Homosexuality in Hittite Thought

by Ilan Peled

Shirley Jackson’s Literary Discourse and the Allegation of Feminism as Socio-Cultural Subversion in Mid-Twentieth Century America

by Gustavo Vargas Cohen

Shirley Jackson (1916-1965) managed to combine the dual role of being a woman and a writer in mid-twentieth century... more Shirley Jackson (1916-1965) managed to combine the dual role of being a woman and a writer in mid-twentieth century American society. This article seeks to unravel some of the intricacies behind this brittle balance. Despite and/or because of her condition as mother and professional her literary achievements as a chronicler of the “Age of Anxiety” were laudable and therefore worthy of further investigation. To better understand the historical experience of professional women in that context, a review of post-war US, especially regarding gender roles, ensues not only as historical background but as methodological hotbed for literary analysis. Ms. Jackson’s literary practice helped raise the charges of feminism against her under the allegation of cultural subversion and social sedition. Finally, the question of whether she was indeed a feminist is debated taking into consideration her literary discourse, particularly the representations of female characters as discerningly portrayed in her fictional works, correlated to her social and historical milieu.

The Influence of Biological Sex, Sexuality and Gender Role on Interpersonal Distance

by David Uzzell

Uzzell. D and Horne, N. (2006) The influence of biological sex, sexuality and gender role on interpersonal distance, British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 579 – 597.

This research reports on a conceptually and methodologically innovative study, which sought to measure the influence... more This research reports on a conceptually and methodologically innovative study, which sought to measure the influence of gender on interpersonal distance. In so doing, we argue for an important distinction to be made between biological sex, gender role, and sexuality. To date, however, progress in the study of interpersonal distance (IPD) has been inhibited by poor operational definitions and inadequate measurement methodologies. For our own investigation, we innovated on methodology by devising the digital video-recording IPD method (DiVRID) that records interpersonal spatial relationships using high quality digital video equipment. The findings highlighted not only the validity of our innovative method of investigation, but also that a more sophisticated conceptualization of the impact of gender on IPD is warranted than can be accounted for by biological sex differences. In this study, we found that gender role accounts for more of the variation in IPD than the conventionally reported gender variable, sex.

Family Pressure and the Daughters of Vietnamese Refugees

by Carl L Bankston

co-authored with Min Zhou

Women's benevolent sexism as reaction to hostility

by Ann R. Fischer

Fischer, A. R. (2006). Women's benevolent sexism as reaction to hostility. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 410-416.

http://171.67.121.89/content/30/4/410.abstract

Grounded in the theory of ambivalent sexism, this study tested the speculation that women's benevolent sexist... more Grounded in the theory of ambivalent sexism, this study tested the speculation that women's benevolent sexist attitudes may be, in part, a self-protective response to environments they perceive as hostile to women. Data that have indirectly supported this conjecture thus far have been correlational. The current study involved a more powerful, experimental test of the hypothesis. Women (N = 105) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, which differed only in what participants were told about research findings on men's attitudes toward women (negative or positive attitudes, or no information). As predicted, benevolent sexist attitudes—but not hostile sexist attitudes—were strongest for women told that men hold negative attitudes toward women. This effect is consistent with a benevolent sexism-as-protest explanation and was statistically significant even while controlling for attitudes toward feminism. The differential effect of beliefs about men's attitudes on these two types of sexism lends further support to the idea that, although hostile and benevolent sexism are related, they may serve different functions.

Gender Roles and Scholastic Performance among Adolescent Vietnamese Women: The Paradox of Ethnic Patriarchy

by Carl L Bankston

Frauenbilder in populärer Musik der Karibik – Zwischen Verehrung und Verachtung

by Kristina Bedijs

To be published in: Overbeck, Anja; Heinz, Matthias (edd.): Sprache(n) und Musik. Akten der Sektion IV.2 des XXXI. Deutschen Romanistentages, Bonn 2009.

Constructions of women in popular music of the Caribbean – Between veneration and contempt. (Paper written in German... more Constructions of women in popular music of the Caribbean – Between veneration and contempt. (Paper written in German language)

„Entonces mami, tú quieres más duro“ – Traditionalistische und sexistische Frauenbilder im Reggaeton

by Kristina Bedijs

In: Calderón, Marietta; Marko, Georg (edd.) (2012): Let’s talk about (texts about) sex. Sexualität und Sprache / Sex and Language. Frankfurt (Main): Peter Lang, 259-270.

„Entonces mami, tú quieres más duro“ – Traditionalist and sexist constructions of women in Reggaeton music. (Paper... more „Entonces mami, tú quieres más duro“ – Traditionalist and sexist constructions of women in Reggaeton music. (Paper written in German language)

Men and psychotherapy: An investigation of alexithymia, intimacy, and masculine gender roles.

by Ann R. Fischer

Fischer, A. R., & Good, G. E. (1997). Men and psychotherapy: An investigation of alexithymia, intimacy, and masculine gender roles. Psychotherapy, 34, 160-170.

Psychological theories have long emphasized the roles of emotions in healthy functioning and in psychotherapy.... more Psychological theories have long emphasized the roles of emotions in healthy functioning and in psychotherapy. However, the masculine socialization process has been hypothesized to encourage men to devalue and restrict much of their emotional experiencing (e.g., Brannon, 1976; Levant, 1992; O'Neil, 1981). This study of 208 men used two operationalizations of traditional masculine gender role socialization and found evidence that men reporting greater gender role conflict also acknowledged greater levels of alexithymia and fear of intimacy, even after controlling for socially desirable responding. Implications for psychotherapy and for future theory and research are noted.

Effects of ingroup bias and gender role violations on acquaintance rape attributions

by Dawn Howerton

Harrison, L.A., Howerton, D.M., Secarea, A.M., & Nguyen, C.Q. (2008). Effects of ingroup bias and gender role violations on acquaintance rape attributions. Sex Roles, 59, 713-725. doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9472-9

Two studies of ethnically diverse US college students from northern California examined whether ingroup bias and... more Two studies of ethnically diverse US college students from northern California examined whether ingroup bias and gender norm violations influence acquaintance rape attributions (Study 1, N=118; Study 2, N=140). Participants read vignettes depicting acquaintance rape and completed questionnaires. Victims were part of participants’ ingroup or outgroup. Study 1 manipulated the victim’s sexual history (chaste or promiscuous). Study 2 manipulated the victim’s alcohol use (sober or intoxicated). Ingroup victims were perceived more positively than outgroup victims if the victims were promiscuous or intoxicated. More guilt was attributed to rapists of ingroup victims than outgroup victims if the victims were promiscuous or intoxicated. Findings are examined in relation to ingroup bias and gender norm violations.