GHG Emissions

Effects of reed straw, zeolite, and superphosphate amendments on NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions from stored duck manure

by Paul Kardol

J. Z.Wang, Z. Y. Hu, X. Q. Zhou, Z. Z. An, J. F. Gao, X. N. Liu, L. L. Jiang, J. Lu, X. M. Kang, M. Li, Y. B. Hao, P. Kardol. Journal of Environmental Quality, doi:10.2135/jeq2011.0373

Stored poultry manure can be a significant source of ammonia(NH3), and greenhouse gases (GHG), including nitrous... more Stored poultry manure can be a significant source of ammonia(NH3), and greenhouse gases (GHG), including nitrous oxide(N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Amendments can be utilized to modify physiochemical properties of manure, thus having the potential to reduce gas emissions. Here, we lab-tested the single and combined effects of addition of reed straw (S), zeolite (Z), and superphosphate (P) on gas emissions from stored duck manure. We showed that over a period of 46 days, cumulative NH3 emissions were reduced by 61-70% with superphosphate additions, while cumulative N2O emissions were increased by up to 23% compared with the control treatment. Reed straw addition reduced cumulative NH3, N2O, and CH4 emissions relative to the control by 12%, 27%, and 47%, respectively, while zeolite addition reduced cumulative NH3 and N2O emissions by 36% and 20%, respectively. Total GHG emissions (as CO2-equivalents) were reduced by up to 27% with the additions of reed straw and/or zeolite. Our results indicate that reed straw or zeolite can be recommended as amendments to reduce GHG emissions from duck manure; however, superphosphate is more effective in reducing NH3 emissions.

Multiobjective network design for emission and travel-time trade-off for a sustainable large urban transportation network

by Sushant Sharma

Carbon inequality at the sub-national scale: A case study of provincial-level inequality in CO2 emissions in China 1997-2007

by Afton Clarke-Sather

Emissões: Os impactos mais renegados das hidrelétricas.

by Philip Fearnside

Fearnside, P.M. 2011. Emissões: Os impactos mais renegados das hidrelétricas. Contra Corrente, No. 3: 27-30.

Amazonian Dark Earths as carbon stores and sinks

by Philip Fearnside

Keeping the forest in the picture to face climate change

by Philip Fearnside

Fearnside, P.M. 2008. Keeping the forest in the picture to face climate change. Sustainable Development Magazine 2008(1): 2-7.

Italiano:
La foresta nel quadro delle azioni a favore del clima. Sustainable Development Magazine (Italia) 2008(1): 2-7.
http://philip.inpa.gov.br/publ_livres/2008/Keeping forest in the picture-SdVision_Italian.pdf

Brazil's Amazon forest and the global carbon problem: Reply to Lugo and Brown

by Philip Fearnside

Fearnside, P.M. 1986. Brazil's Amazon forest and the global carbon problem: Reply to Lugo and Brown. Interciencia 11(2): 58 64.

See Amazon Controversies:
http://philip.inpa.gov.br/publ_livres/AMAZONIAN CONTROVERSIES.htm

Biomass of Brazil's Amazonian forests: Reply to Brown and Lugo revisited

by Philip Fearnside

, P.M. 1993. Biomass of Brazil's Amazonian forests: Reply to Brown and Lugo revisited. Interciencia 18(1): 5-7.

See Amazon Controveersies:
http://philip.inpa.gov.br/publ_livres/AMAZONIAN CONTROVERSIES.htm

Hydroelectric dams in Brazilian Amazonia: Response to Rosa, Schaeffer & dos Santos.

by Philip Fearnside

Fearnside, P.M. 1996. Hydroelectric dams in Brazilian Amazonia: Response to Rosa, Schaeffer & dos Santos. Environmental Conservation 23(2): 105-108. doi:10.1017/S0376892900038467

See Amazon Controversies:
http://philip.inpa.gov.br/publ_livres/AMAZONIAN CONTROVERSIES.htm

Carbon footprinting for climate change management in cities

by Laurence Wright

Laurence A Wright, Jonathan Coello, Simon Kemp & Ian Williams, published in Carbon Management, 2011.

A significant proportion of anthropogenic GHG-generating activities are concentrated in cities. As centers of high... more A significant proportion of anthropogenic GHG-generating activities are concentrated in cities. As centers of high consumption, wealth and creativity, cities must play a significant role in tackling climate change. Action to reduce emissions at a local level requires that municipal and local governments have a good understanding of emissions sources and reduction potentials. To achieve this, municipal governments require adequate tools and resources to enable effective policy decision making. The carbon footprint is becoming an increasingly recognized tool for the management of climate change. The term carbon footprint originated in the ‘gray literature’, and it is widely recognized in the public arena. It offers the opportunity to municipal governments to develop models to inform climate change strategy decision making, and enables municipal authorities to localize the issue of climate change and promote the benefits of climate change mitigation at the local level. Existing framework guidance often fails to include all relevant emissions or follow widely varying methodologies, limiting comparability. This article examines the concept of climate change localization and management. The carbon footprint is explored in the context of a tool for municipal government management of GHG emissions. We conclude by suggesting that the carbon footprint become a cost-effective, practical and repeatable metric that can be adopted by municipal governments across the globe as a ‘baseline’ indicator.

Study of the General Viability of Nuclear Energy as a Marine Propulsion System

by Earl Harper

This paper is unpublished and was produced as part of a wider project. I would not recommend using any of the information contained within as accepted fact or theory, please contact me for more details.

International Shipping represents a large portion of global CO2 and SO2 emissions, and ways to reduce this impact must... more International Shipping represents a large portion of global CO2 and SO2 emissions, and ways to reduce this impact must be sought. Here, a discussion of the use of Fissile materials as a fuel source for cargo and passenger shipping is presented. The political, economic and environmental factors are considered alongside technological concerns

Time preference: Reply to Tol

by Philip Fearnside

Fearnside, P.M. 2002. Time preference: Reply to Tol. Ecological Economics 41(1): 35-36. doi:10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00015-0

See Amazon Controversies:
http://philip.inpa.gov.br/publ_livres/AMAZONIAN CONTROVERSIES.htm

Dirty hydros [Response to Graham Faichney]

by Philip Fearnside

Fearnside, P.M. 2005. Dirty hydros [Response to Graham Faichney] New Scientist 186(2494): 24 (9 April 2005).

Berggren, C and Magnusson , T. 2012. Reducing automotive emissions –.The potentials of combustion engine technologies and the power of policy

by Christian Berggren

Energy Policy 2012, 41, 636 –643

Reducing transport emissions, in particular vehicular emissions, is a key element for mitigating the risks of climate... more Reducing transport emissions, in particular vehicular emissions, is a key element for mitigating the risks of climate change. In much of the academic and public discourse the focus has been on alternative vehicle technologies and fuels (e.g. electric cars, fuel cells and hydrogen), whereas vehicles based on internal combustion engines have been perceived as close to their development limits. This paper offers a different perspective by demonstrating the accelerated improvement processes taking place in established combustion technologies as a result of a new competition between manufacturers and technologies, encouraged both by more stringent EU legislation (the decision in 2008 to implement legally binding CO2 emissions standards in the 2012-15 period) and new CAFE levels in the US (Congress decision in 2010 to increase the fuel efficiency standards for each model year 2012-2016). The short-term perspective is complemented by an analysis of future improvement potentials in internal combustion technologies, which may be realized if efficient regulation is in place. Based on a comparison of four different regulatory approaches, the paper identifies the need for a long-term technology-neutral framework with stepwise increasing stringencies, arguing that this will encourage continual innovation and diffusion in the most effective way.

Is grass biomethane a sustainable transport biofuel?

by Nicholas Korres

Can we meet targets for biofuels and renewable energy in transport given the constraints imposed by policy in agriculture and energy?

by Nicholas Korres

An outline for funding adaptation and disasters management schemes

by Jan Kunnas

CLIMATE 2011 / KLIMA 2011
The World´s CO2-friendly Scientific On-line Climate Conference
7-12 November 2011

This paper develops further a proposal to split continued climate negotiations into two separate blocks. The first... more This paper develops further a proposal to split continued climate negotiations into two separate blocks. The first block deals with historical emissions of greenhouse gases, including a mutual debt cancellation: the accumulated carbon debts of developed countries up to a cut-off year would be swapped for conventional monetary debts of developing countries. The second block deals with future emissions and how to finance adaption to climate change. Following the polluter pays–principle, the funds should be collected in proportion to the responsibility for proceeding climate change and redistributed in proportion to the needs for adaption and management of climate-related risks.

A system based on separate blocks ensures large flexibility. For example, the system of fund collection after the cut-off point could be taken from Oliver Tickell’s Kyoto2-proposal, which proposes a system for levying climate funds via fossil-fuel production permits. Peter Illig again provides a reminder of the important concepts of direct access, intended to establish a clearly defined and transparent system for delivering financial resources as close to the targeted impact as possible, and additionality, highlighting the distinction between compensation and development aid. Finally, some incentives to join the proposed scheme are suggested.

Essay on Evaluating a Global Carbon Emission Trading Scheme

by Ernesto Viscarra

How to Proceed After Copenhagen

by Jan Kunnas

Electronic Green Journal, 1(31), 2011

In this paper, I bring forth a proposal on how to proceed with the Climate Negotiations after the meager results of... more In this paper, I bring forth a proposal on how to proceed with the Climate Negotiations after the meager results of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2009 in Copenhagen. I argue that splitting continued negotiations into two separate blocks could both save time and make it more likely to ultimately reach a comprehensive treaty in Mexico City in December 2010.

The first block would deal with historical emissions of greenhouse gases including a mutual debt cancellation: developed countries carbon debts vs. developing countries conventional monetary debts.

The second block would deal with future emissions and how to finance adaption to climate change. Following the polluter pays –principle, I argue that the funds should be collected
in proportion to the responsibility for proceeding climate change and redistributed in proportion to the needs for adaption.