First episode psychosis

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and illness stage in schizophrenia--a systematic review and meta-analysis.

by Stefan Brugger

Pre-morbid Conduct Disorder symptoms are associated with cannabis use among individuals with a first episode of psychosis

by Charlotte Malcolm

Background: Early cannabis use has consistently been associated with an increased risk for the later development of... more Background: Early cannabis use has consistently been associated with an increased risk for the later development of psychosis. Studies suggest that Conduct Disorder (CD) is more common amongst young people who later go on to develop psychosis. CD has been associated with greater and earlier cannabis use in general population samples. Based on this evidence, we hypothesised that among patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis, the presence of CD symptoms prior to age 15 would be associated with cannabis use.
Method: 102 patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis were interviewed to assess CD symptoms prior to age 15 and use of cannabis and other substances. Results: The number of CD symptoms was significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use (odds ratio=5.41 (1.76–16.57), p=0.03) and with first use of cannabis before age 14 (odds ratio=1.46 (1.12–1.92), p=0.006), after controlling for stimulant/hallucinogen use and level of education.
Conclusions: Among patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis, CD symptoms were significantly associated with use of cannabis and with use by age 14. Among individuals vulnerable for psychosis, CD symptoms may independently increase the likelihood of cannabis use which in turn increases the risk of psychosis.

Cumulative social disadvantage, ethnicity and first-episode psychosis: a case-control study

by James Kirkbride

Administrative incidence of psychosis assessed in an early intervention service in England: first epidemiological evidence from a diverse, rural and urban setting

by James Kirkbride

Is the incidence of psychotic disorder in decline? Epidemiological evidence from two decades of research

by James Kirkbride

Testing the association between the incidence of schizophrenia and social capital in an urban area

by James Kirkbride

Review of the 6th symposium for the search for the causes of schizophrenia, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3–6 February 2009

by James Kirkbride

Translating the epidemiology of psychosis into public mental health: evidence, challenges and future prospects

by James Kirkbride

The Prevention of Schizophrenia—What Can We Learn From Eco-Epidemiology?

by James Kirkbride

The prevalence, diagnostic significance and demographic characteristics of Schneiderian first-rank symptoms in an epidemiological sample of first-episode psychoses

by James Kirkbride

Neighbourhood variation in the incidence of psychotic disorders in Southeast London

by James Kirkbride

Raised incidence rates of all psychoses among migrant groups: findings from the East London first episode psychosis study

by James Kirkbride

Incidence of bipolar affective disorder in three UK cities: results from the AESOP study

by James Kirkbride

Neighbourhood-level effects on psychoses: re-examining the role of context

by James Kirkbride

Substance use in a population-based clinic sample of people with first-episode psychosis

by James Kirkbride

Cannabis and Schizophrenia: Model Projections of the Impact of the Rise In Cannabis Use on Historical and Future Trends In Schizophrenia In England and Wales

by James Kirkbride

Parental Separation, Loss and Psychosis In Different Ethnic Groups: a Case-Control Study

by James Kirkbride

Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP Study

by James Kirkbride

Heterogeneity in incidence rates of schizophrenia and other psychotic syndromes: findings from the 3-center AeSOP study

by James Kirkbride

Outcome Measures In Early Psychosis: Relevance of Duration of Untreated Psychosis

by Swaran Singh

Declaration of interest
S.S. has received honoraria and educational grants from several pharmaceutical... more Declaration of interest
S.S. has received honoraria and educational grants from several pharmaceutical companies.

Background
Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is considered an important predictor of short-term clinical outcome.

Aims
To explore the evolution of the concept of DUP, synthesise the evidence for its predictive value, highlight the problems in measurement, and consider the potential pitfalls of using DUP as a measure of the effectiveness of early intervention services.

Method
A survey of recent literature was conducted.

Results
Several studies and two systematic reviews confirm that DUP has a robust but moderate effect on outcome in schizophrenia. Studies vary widely in how DUP is defined and measured, since identifying precise time points when psychosis emerges and remits is conceptually ambiguous and clinically difficult.

Conclusions
Standardised measurement of DUP is a vital first step in allowing comparisons between studies. Duration of untreated psychosis is a relevant measure only of the early detection function of early intervention services.