Expert Systems

ERSE: an expert retrieval system for electronic databases

by Peretz Shoval

Authors: P. Shoval, B. Arazi, E. Gudes, D. Ephraim
Journal:  Expert Systems for Information Management (1990), Vol. 3 (2), 85-114.

In search of optimality: A systems technologist goes east [from New Zealand!]

by Peter Mellalieu

Mellalieu, P. J. (1983). In search of optimality: A systems technologist goes east. Overseas study report. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR).

In 1983, the author undertook a period of post-doctoral study based in the operations research departments at... more In 1983, the author undertook a period of post-doctoral study based in the operations research departments at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Lancaster University, England. The objectives of the overseas study were to report on practical developments in using systems technologies applied to planning activities. Of special concern was the application of such techniques to strategic planning and R&D planning. The report details the itinerary of the tour, observations, and recommendations.

The important developments observed were:

In business situations there is a strong emphasis in providing computer-based end-user oriented systems often using graphics and microcomputers

Artificial intelligence approaches, especially expert systems have already begun to be used by industrial practitioners.

In the United States, research into the planning and operation of flexible manufacturing systems (such as networks of robots) is a topic of high concern amongst operations researchers.

Strategic management is developing a strong discipline in its own right, with traditional operations research techniques being viewed as one of many available analytical tools.

The availability of both software and hardware computer technologies far exceeds the capacity of even large organisations to identify where the technology could be applied, what benefits might occur and how to adopt the technology.

The report recommends that New Zealand’s principle industrial and scientific organisation (DSIR) should play a major role in encouraging the construction of a ‘knowledge infrastructure’ that facilitates effective communication of technological know-how between national knowledge centers. The first generation of such an infrastructure are now emerging, but in a fragmented fashion. DSIR’s attention should focus on the strategic specification of the knowledge infrastructure needed by New Zealand in 1990. This specification will then identify pilot projects that should be commissioned over the next five years to provide the necessary base of experience for the detailed systems design. The report details specific proposals for achieving the recommendations.

Sistem Pakar Menggunakan Penalaran Berbasis Kasus untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit Saraf pada Anak(PENDAHULUAN)

by Uki Wardoyo

New Technologies and their Potential Uses in the NZ Wheat Industry

by Peter Mellalieu

Bellis, S. E., Trangmar, B. B., & Mellalieu, P. J. (1985). New Technologies and their Potential Uses in the NZ Wheat Industry. NZ Wheat Review (Special Edition), 15A, 73–81.

Data obtained by remote sensing systems, including multispectral scanners carried on satellites or aircraft, can be... more Data obtained by remote sensing systems, including multispectral scanners carried on satellites or aircraft, can be used for crop and biomass inventory, monitoring, and forecasting. Pilot projects have demonstrated the potential application of these technologies in New Zealand. If the planned acquisition of a receiving station for digital satellite imagery commences in 1985, this should allow New Zealand agricultural researchers and planners to take advantage of the new technology by 1988.

Recent advances in information technology have enabled the application of simulation models for the prediction of crop responses to a wide range of environmental and management effects. Development of such models may help to minimize risky, costly, and time consuming trial-and-error evaluation of agronomic innovations in the wheat industry.

A prototype computer-based ‘expert system’ has been developed that can assist the identification and treatment of wheat diseases. This technology offers improved quality and timeliness of advice which would help reduce crop losses and wastage of fungicides. Further research on this system could add more disease, symptom, and other information to assist at earlier decision-making stages in crop management.

Expert systems for agricultural production [crop damage in agricultural crops]

by Peter Mellalieu

Mellalieu, P. J., & Turner, K. D. (1985). Expert Systems for Agricultural Production [crop damage in agricultural crops]. Proceedings of the Operational Research Society of New Zealand.

The paper describes the development of the first application of Expert Systems (artificial intelligence) technology to... more The paper describes the development of the first application of Expert Systems (artificial intelligence) technology to agriculture in New Zealand. Specifically, a prototype expert system is described that was designed with the ultimate intention to provide lay people, such as farmers, to identify the cause of crop damage in agricultural crops and indicate possible treatments. The specific expert system was 'taught' to identify 22 diseases in 16 types of wheat and 13 diseases in 23 types of barley. The advantages of using the expert system approach are outlined. The history of how the new technology was introduced to New Zealand's agricultural research and advisory services agencies is detailed.

Epiphenomenal intelligence from partial models in safety management

by Marco Lazzari

Marco Lazzari, "Epiphenomenal Intelligence from Partial Models in Safety Management", in B.H.V. Topping, (Editor), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK, 2005

This paper represents an ex post rethinking of the contribution of artificial intelligence techniques to safety... more This paper represents an ex post rethinking of the contribution of artificial intelligence techniques to safety management, based on a long work experience in applying artificial intelligence to several engineering fields, from dam safety to environmental protection, from seismic monitoring to the protection of cultural heritage. The main issue is that developing models for assessing safety is a hard task, but integrating partial models may provide good results. Even if each single model is poor, a sort of epiphenomenal intelligence emerges from the behaviour of a system made of small partial models and users perceive it as a reliable assistant.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, safety management, epiphenomenal intelligence, monitoring, ethnography, anthropology, expert systems, decision support sustems, sicurezza strutturale, sistemi di supporto alle decisioni, sistemi eperti, intelligenza artificiale, dighe, frane

Knowledge-based systems for energy conservation programs

by Felipe Lara Rosano

CRANIUM: AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEAD INJURY BASED ON THE INTRACRANIAL …

by Felipe Lara Rosano

CRANIUM: AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEAD INJURY BASED ON THE INTRACRANIAL …

by Felipe Lara Rosano

Decision Support Information System for Water Source Evaluation and Management in Narava Basin

by asish Bhaskar

V. Valli Kumari, ABV.Satyanarayana, DVS.Chakradhar and RAS.Kumar, “Decision Support Information System for WaterSource Evaluation and Management in Narava Basin” at IEEE INDICON-2011.

To be published in IEEE explore

In the recent years due to over exploitation and over
dependence on ground water resources in agricultural sector... more In the recent years due to over exploitation and over
dependence on ground water resources in agricultural sector an
unprecedented drought conditions in the state has occurred. At
this critical juncture, effective evaluation and management
strategies to utilize the ever-depleting water resources in an
optimum way with the help of a decision support information
system for water resource evaluation and management would be
a fitting answer. This paper discusses the main functionalities
performed by the Decision Support Information System (DSIS)
designed and developed by us. They are analysis of data,
information processing to enable decision making on issues like
cropping pattern, availability of water resources in time and
space, domestic use of water in Narava Basin, Visakhapatnam.

Indexing and Retrieval in Metal Stamping Die Design Using Case-based Reasoning

by Graeme Britton

Tor, S.B.; Britton, G.A.; & Zhang, W.Y. 2003. Indexing and Retrieval in Metal Stamping Die Design Using Case-based Reasoning, Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 3, pp. 353-362

Techniques in Knowledge-Based Expert Systems for the Design of Engineering Systems

by Graeme Britton

Britton, G.A.; Tor, S.B.; & Zhang, W.Y. 2004. Techniques in Knowledge-Based Expert Systems for the Design of Engineering Systems, in Intelligent Knowledge-Based Systems: Business and Technology in the New Millenium, ed. C.T. Leondes, Kluwer Academic Press: New York, Vol 3: Expert and Agent Systems, pp. 3-54. Invited book chapter

Lameness scoring system for dairy cows using force plates and artificial intelligence

by Saeid Mokaram

Sara Mokaram G.; Saeid Mokaram; S.Mehdi Ghamsari; Iradj Nowrouzian; Saeed Shiry G.; “Lameness scoring system for dairy cows using force plates and artificial intelligence”, Veterinary Record, 10.1136/vr.100429, 2011.

Lameness scoring is a routine procedure in dairy industry to screen the herds for new cases of lameness. Subjective... more Lameness scoring is a routine procedure in dairy industry to screen the herds for new cases of lameness. Subjective lameness scoring, which is the most popular lameness detection and screening method in dairy herds, has several limitations. They include low intra-observer and inter-observer agreement and the discrete nature of the scores which limits its usage in monitoring the lameness. The aim of this study is to develop an automated lameness scoring system comparable with conventional subjective lameness scoring by means of artificial neural networks. The system is composed of four balanced force plates installed in a hoof-trimming box. A group of 105 dairy cows was used for the study. Twenty-three features extracted from ground reaction force (GRF) data were used in a computer training process which was performed on 60 per cent of the data. The remaining 40 per cent of the data were used to test the trained system. Repeatability of the lameness scoring system was determined by GRF samples from 25 cows, captured at two different times from the same animals. The mean sd was 0.31 and the mean coefficient of variation was 14.55 per cent, which represents a high repeatability in comparison with subjective vision-based scoring methods. Although the highest sensitivity and specificity values were seen in locomotion score groups 1 and 4, the automatic lameness system was both sensitive and specific in all groups. The sensitivity and specificity were higher than 72 per cent in locomotion score groups 1 to 4, and it was 100 per cent specific and 50 per cent sensitive for group 5.

An Industrial Application of Neural Networks.

by Graeme Britton

Lee, K.S.; Britton, G.A.; & Fok, S.C. 1997. An Industrial Application of Neural Networks. World Manufacturing Congress ‘97, November 18-21, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 132-136.

Expert Systems for Design: The Challenge for SWARM

by Graeme Britton

Britton, G.A. & Tor, S.B. 2005. Expert Systems for Design: The Challenge for SWARM, Swarmfest 2005, 5-7 June, Torino, Italy.

Ocjena rizika nije upravljanje rizikom

by Viktor Dörfler

Zoltán Baracskai - Jolán Velencei - Viktor Dörfler
Strategijski Menadžment, 12(1-2): 15-17
2007

Osnovni problem poslovnog rizika se najčešće sužava na ocjenu rizika. U gorem slučaju na pokušaj mjerenja rizika.... more Osnovni problem poslovnog rizika se najčešće sužava na ocjenu rizika. U gorem slučaju na pokušaj mjerenja rizika. Smatramo da je mjerenje nemoguće, a ocjena je jednostavna, što i ilustriramo jednim primjerom poslovne banke. U tom primjeru, pomoću DoctuS sistema baziranog na znanju, koristimo 600 logičkih pravila za ocjenu rizika davanja kredita. Rješenje upravljanja rizikom nije u izboru kriterija i njihovom mjerenju, već u "ako...onda" logičkim pravilima. To je jednostavno i korisno rješenje, no u radu ipak diskutiramo doprinos ocjene upravljanju.

The fundamental problem of business risk is usually reduced to risk evaluation; in a worst case to an attempt to measuring risk. We consider that measurement is impossible and evaluation is simple. To illustrate this, we present a case of business banking; in this case we use 600 logical rules to evaluate the loan risk regarding particular applicants. The solution of risk management is not in the criteria selection and their measurement but in the “if... then” logical rules. This is a simple and very useful solution but in paper we discuss the contribution of risk evaluation to risk management.

Virtual Telemedicine Using Natural Language Processing

by Imran Sarwar Bajwa

International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 5(1) pp:43-55

Conventional telemedicine has limitations due to the existing time constraints in the response of a medical... more Conventional telemedicine has limitations due to the existing time constraints in the response of a medical specialist. One major reason is that telemedicine based medical facilities are subject to the availability of a medical expert and telecommunication facilities. On the other hand, communication using telecommunication is only possible on fixed and appointed time. Typically, the field of telemedicine exists in both medical and telecommunication areas to provide medical facilities over a long distance, especially in remote areas. In this article, the authors present a solution for ‘virtual telemedicine’ to cope with the problem of the long time constraints in conventional telemedicine. Virtual Telemedicine is the use of telemedicine with the methods of artificial intelligence.

Forecasting Methods for Marketing: Review of Empirical Research1

by J Armstrong

Co-authored with Roderick J. Brodie and Shelby H. McIntyre. Published in International Journal of Forecasting, 3 (1987), 355-376.

This paper reviews the empirical research on forecasting in marketing. In addition, it presents results from some... more This paper reviews the empirical research on forecasting in marketing. In addition, it presents results from some small scale surveys. We offer a framework for discussing forecasts in the area of marketing, and then review the literature in light of that framework. Particular emphasis is given to a pragmatic interpretation of the literature and findings. Suggestions are made on what research is needed.

Rule-Based Forecasting: Development and Validation of an Expert Systems Approach to Combining Time Series Extrapolations

by J Armstrong

Co-authored with Brian Collopy. Published in Management Science, 38 (10), 1992, 1394-1414

This paper examines the feasibility of rule -based forecasting, a procedure that applies forecasting expertise and... more This paper examines the feasibility of rule -based forecasting, a procedure that applies forecasting expertise and domain knowledge to produce forecasts according to features of the data. We developed a rule base to make annual extrapolation forecasts for economic and demographic time series. The development of the rule base drew upon protocol analyses of
five experts on forecasting methods. This rule base, consisting of 99 rules, combined forecasts from four extrapolation methods (the random walk, regression, Brown's linear exponential smoothing, and Holt's exponential smoothing) according to rules using 18 features of time series. For one-year ahead ex ante forecasts of 90 annual series, the median absolute percentage error (MdAPE) for rule-based forecasting was 13% less than that from equally-weighted combined forecasts. For six-year ahead ex ante forecasts, rule-based forecasting had a MdAPE that was 42% less. The improvement in accuracy of the rule -based forecasts over equally-weighted combined forecasts was statistically significant. Rule-based forecasting was more accurate than equal-weights combining in situations involving significant trends, low uncertainty, stability, and good domain expertise.

TOWARDS AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR PRESENTING COLOR ALTERNATIVES FOR FACADES (PCAF) AS A “COMPUTER-AIDED ARCHITECTURAL …

by Khaled Salah