Event Management

Managing Special Events in the New Era of the Triple Bottom Line

by Anne-Marie Hede

Published in Event Management: An International Journal

A new concept has emerged in special event research—the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). The TBL, borrowed from accounting... more A new concept has emerged in special event research—the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). The TBL, borrowed from accounting and finance, amalgamates the social, economic, and environmental aspects of activities into one framework. Within the context of special events, the TBL has been particularly linked to their evaluation. In this conceptual article it is argued that while this approach to event evaluation is useful, it is imperative that the underlying principles of the TBL be applied to the planning stage of special event management. This article proposes a framework for this purpose that draws upon Stakeholder Theory. By using this framework, the underlying principles of the TBL can be implemented to special event planning so that the outcomes of special events can be enhanced for their stakeholders.

Network analysis of tourism events: An approach to improve marketing practices for sustainable tourism.

by Anne-Marie Hede

Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 26 7: 656-669.
Co-authored with Stokes, Robyn

Farmers’ markets have recently emerged as a new tourism event around the globe. Yet, little information is known about... more Farmers’ markets have recently emerged as a new tourism event around the globe. Yet, little information is known about them. This article explores the network of stakeholders associated with farmers’ markets through a qualitative analysis over a period of time of an Australian farmers’ market. Multiple methods of data collection were used to build a case study of the farmers’ market. The findings highlight the acute need for this farmers’ market, and potentially many others that are similar, to strategically establish an appropriate and effective network of stakeholders for both organizational longevity and tourism sustainability.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVENT OWNERS AND HOST DESTINATIONS

by Anne-Marie Hede

Marketing communications for special events: analysing managerial practice, consumer perceptions and preferences.

by Anne-Marie Hede

Co-authored with Kellett, Pamm
European Journal of Marketing, 45(6), 987-1004.

Purpose – Relatively little is known about marketing communications within the context of special events. The aim of... more Purpose – Relatively little is known about marketing communications within the context of special events. The aim of this paper is to begin to address this gap in knowledge by analysing managerial practice, consumer perceptions and preferences in relation to marketing communications for this market offering.

Design/methodology/approach – A case study analysis of Festival Melbourne 2006 was undertaken using marketing communications collateral, ethnographic (participant observations) and interview (in-depth and focus group) data.

Findings – A centralised approach to marketing communications was adopted for this event, but was difficult to implement. In addition, it was found that the marketing communications in situ did not assist attendees to make the most of their event experiences. It was also found that research participants prefer to receive information about special events passively.

Practical implications – With the increasing levels of globalisation and standardisation in the event sector there is a need to attain a balance between centralisation and adaptation in relation to marketing communications strategies and their implementation. Furthermore, it is imperative that marketing communications are integrated across all stages of consumption.

Originality/value – This study adds to the body of knowledge about marketing communications, and more generally within events. It also adds to the debate surrounding the integration of marketing communications.



    References (44)

National Survey of Small Firms in the Events Sector

by Emma Wood

Published 2003 by Wood, Bowdin, Blackwell, Church, Pearson, Raj, Tum

Research report providing a snapshot of the sector and it's operations Research report providing a snapshot of the sector and it's operations

Problems and Prospects for Community-based Tourism in the New South Africa: The 2010 FIFA World Cup and Beyond

by John Nauright

Published in African Historical Studies (2010), co-authored with Andrea Giampiccoli

Mega-events such as the FIFA World Cup or the Olympic Games are promoted widely for the economic, tourism and social... more Mega-events such as the FIFA World Cup or the Olympic Games are promoted widely for the economic, tourism and social benefits they bring to host nations. The relative ‘benefit’ of such events has been widely debated. However, even when positive benefits are achieved they are vastly uneven within host nations. The Olympic Games are held in one city with occasional events located elsewhere, while the World Cup is usually held in several cities within one nation. The common denominator is that these events are focused on large urban centres, and this leaves rural areas behind and can heighten the development divide between haves and have nots, particularly in the areas of tourism and economic development. This is a particularly relevant issue for developing societies such as South Africa. This article critically examines the ‘development dreams’ promoted through the 2010 FIFA World Cup and similar events and contends that these dreams are illusory for millions of South Africans while economic and political elites embrace a global neo-liberal economic philosophy. In particular we argue that community-based tourism strategies that are important to a better distribution of wealth and democratic decision making in local communities across the country are put at greater risk by a mega-events strategy that is firmly centred within the global neo-liberal economic framework shaped largely outside of South Africa.

Public Liability Insurance - One of the most overlooked and little-known insurance essentials

by J Walker

Data from - www.yourpublicliability.org

Public liability insurance protects you from the costs and legal fees of claims if a member of the public is injured... more Public liability insurance protects you from the costs and legal fees of claims if a member of the public is injured as a result of your negligence.

Cultural perspectives on knowledge management in central and eastern Europe: The SECI model of knowledge conversion and ‘ba’

by Matthew Jelavic

Jelavic, M., & Ogilvie, K. (2010). Cultural perspectives on knowledge management in central and eastern Europe: The SECI model of knowledge conversion and ‘ba’. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, 9(2), 161 – 169.

This research discusses the SECI Model of Knowledge Conversion as it relates to the 10 Central and Eastern European... more This research discusses the SECI Model of Knowledge Conversion as it relates to the 10 Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) that are now part of the European Union (EU). The socio-economic conversion from socialism to capitalism of these societies is unique in historical precedence, whereby utilising the contextual models in knowledge conversion are applicable for understanding the implications of such a phenomenon. The results indicate that there is a unique set of variables that need to be considered within this context and for future similar situations.

Keywords: SECI; knowledge conversion; national culture; Ba; central and eastern Europe.

Knowledge Management Views in Eastern and Western Cultures: An Integrative Analysis

by Matthew Jelavic

Jelavic, M., & Ogilvie, K. (2010). Knowledge management views in eastern and western cultures: An integrative analysis. Journal of Knowledge Globalization, 3(2), 51 – 69.

Traditional eastern and western views of knowledge continue to influence the knowledge management practices in today’s... more Traditional eastern and western views of knowledge continue to influence the knowledge management practices in today’s global workplace. Based on these views, several dominant theories have emerged on how to best manage in the international work environment. This research illustrates contradictions in these theories and extracts a new perspective from the dynamic literature stream. This innovative perspective provides an opportunity to leverage cultures and relationships holistically for effective knowledge transfer and cross-cultural understanding, and hence for effective management

Keywords: Knowledge, Culture, International Management, Knowledge Management, Hofstede Framework

Socio-Technical Knowledge Management and Epistemological Paradigms: Theoretical Connections at the Individual and Organisational Level

by Matthew Jelavic

Jelavic, M. (2011). Socio-technical knowledge management and epistemological paradigms: Theoretical connections at the individual and organisational level. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 6(1), 1 – 16.

This paper provides an evaluation of the literature pertaining to the autopoietic, connectionist, and cognitivist... more This paper provides an evaluation of the literature pertaining to the autopoietic, connectionist, and cognitivist epistemological paradigms. These paradigms exist at the individual and organisational level through diametrically opposed functionalist versus interpretive and integrative socio-technical knowledge management perspectives. The alignments of individual and organisational epistemologies are essential to the effectiveness of a knowledge management system. Knowl-edge management should consider the roots of knowledge theoretically in order to share or man-age knowledge dissemination successfully in organisations. The term ‘knowledge sharing’ has been emphasised and discussed comprehensively through its epistemological influential factors. This paper concludes the development of a Knowledge Management Epistemological Synthesis Model (KM-ES Model) and a comprehensive discussion and conclusion section focussing on the implications of epistemological influences on the knowledge management system of an organisa-tion. The results from this study provide both researchers and academicians with a clear under-standing of the interplay between epistemologies and a foundation for establishing an effective organisational knowledge management system.

Keywords: socio-technical, knowledge management, knowledge sharing, epistemology, cognitiv-ist, connectionist, autopoietic, functionalist, interpretive, KM-ES Model

Multidisciplinary Technical Teams: A Case Study

by Matthew Jelavic

Ogilvie, K., & Jelavic, M. (2009). Multidisciplinary technical teams: A case study. Canadian Manager, 33(3), 18 – 19.

Interorganizational Macrocultures in the North American Automotive Manufacturing Industry

by Matthew Jelavic

Jelavic, M., & Ogilvie, K. (2009). Interorganizational macrocultures in the North American automotive manufacturing industry. Canadian Manager, 34(2), 20 – 21.

Maslow and Management: Universally Applicable or Idiosyncratic?

by Matthew Jelavic

Jelavic, M., & Ogilvie, K. (2010). Maslow and management: Universally applicable or idiosyncratic? Canadian Manager, 34(4), 16 – 17.

Globalization, Knowledge Workers and the Expanding European Union: A Lesson for North America?

by Matthew Jelavic

Jelavic, M., & Ogilvie, K. (2010). Globalization, knowledge workers and the expanding European Union: A lesson for North America? Canadian Manager, 35(1), 26 – 27.

Social Network Mapping and Analysis in the Global Aerospace Community

by Matthew Jelavic

Ogilvie, K., & Jelavic, M. (2010). Social network mapping and analysis in the global aerospace community. Canadian Manager, 35(2), 20 – 21.

Management Consulting: Understanding the Process Using Concepts in Neuroscience

by Matthew Jelavic

Vincenti, M., & Jelavic, M. (2011). Management consulting: Understanding the process using concepts in neuroscience. Canadian Manager, 35(4), 22 – 23.

Towards the Development of an Evaluation Questionnaire for Academic Conferences

by Clifford Lewis

Lewis, C & Kerr, G (2012), ‘Towards the Development of an Evaluation Questionnaire for Academic Conferences’, Event Management, 16(1), 11-23

Each year, academic conferences are held at destinations throughout the world. These conferences provide benefits to... more Each year, academic conferences are held at destinations throughout the world. These conferences provide benefits to the host destination's economy as well as to the conference participants. Involving travel and accommodation, academic conferences can be classified as business tourism. Academics often have a range of conferences from which to choose. The conference experience therefore may be important in the decision to reattend or recommend a conference to other potential attendees. While many conference organizers distribute a “conference evaluation sheet“ at the end of a conference, there is no evidence of a standardized questionnaire that evaluates the entire conference experience. The objective of this work is to make such a contribution by identifying the attributes that are deemed to be important to the academic conference attendee and assigning a measurement scale for each attribute. The attributes are identified by way of a review of the services and tourism literature, and through semistructured interviews with academics. In addition to evaluating the entire conference experience, the questionnaire can be used to make longitudinal comparisons of a conference, and comparisons between conferences.

Editorial of a Special Issue on 'Race' and Culture

by Kevin Hylton

Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events 2011

Eds
K.Hylton
N.Chakrabarty

This special issue emerged out of debates amongst UK Critical Race Theorists’ (CRT) concerns with transdisciplinarity.... more This special issue emerged out of debates amongst UK Critical Race Theorists’ (CRT) concerns with transdisciplinarity. Pragmatic transdisciplinary work encourages the cross fertilisation of fields/contexts and therefore ideas. For CRT, this means centring issues of ‘race’, racism and anti-racism with other intersecting forms of oppression in and across fields where this has not been a regular practice (Rath, 2007). The diverse, international and globalised nature of tourism, leisure and events are increasingly subject to such tensions and contradictions. Identities and cultural constructs are chal- lenged, perpetuated and reconstructed dependent upon the hegemony of domi- nant, residual and emergent ideas. Further, the location of ‘race’ and culture within these fields are intriguingly marginal and due for robust consideration and debate, especially in the context of policy formation. The tendency for many of our traditional cognate disciplines is to pursue the DNA of popular ideas and topics which become limited by de facto epistemologies and therefore sites of contestation. These patterns have been evidenced in many fields from law to education, sport and leisure. In this issue, ‘race’ and culture are centred as a mutual starting point for contributors in history, tourism, travel writing, events, the arts and heritage.

When the Carnival is Over: Evaluating the Outcomes of Mega Sporting Events In Australia

by Simon Darcy

Cashman, R., Toohey, K., Darcy, S., Symons, C., & Stewart, B. (2004). When the Carnival is Over: Evaluating the Outcomes of Mega Sporting Events in Australia. Sporting Traditions, 25(1), 1-32.

Australia is one country that invests significantly in mega sporting events. From 2000 to 2006 various Australian... more Australia is one country that invests significantly in mega sporting events. From 2000 to 2006 various Australian cities have hosted or will host a variety of mega sporting events: the Olympic and Paralympic Games (Sydney, 2000), the Goodwill Games (Brisbane, 2001), the Gay Games (Sydney, 2002), the Rugby World Cup (Sydney, 2003), the Commonwealth Games (Melbourne, 2006). These events built on a long Australian tradition of hosting mega events particularly sporting ones. The list includes the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games, the 1938, 1962 and 1982 Commonwealth Games in Sydney, Perth and Brisbane respectively and the Brisbane World Expo of 1988. Australian cities compete with each other and with overseas cities to win bids for mega sporting events. No less than five cities — Adelaide, Brisbane, Darwin, Melbourne and Perth — expressed some interest in hosting the 2006 Commonwealth Games for instance, before Melbourne was chosen as the Australian candidate city. Melbourne then secured the right to host the Games after the only other contender, the New Zealand city of Wellington, withdrew its bid.

This article examines three recent, and one future, mega sporting events in Australia: the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games, the Gay Games and the Commonwealth Games. The four events are quite different in scale, status and international media coverage: the Olympic Games are at the pinnacle of world sporting festivals whereas the other three events have lesser status. The Paralympic Games have a strong emotional resonance but a relatively small commercial base. The Commonwealth Games and the Gay Games have lesser global outreach.

The Origins of the Olympic Games’ Opening and Closing Ceremonies: Artistic Creativity and Communication

by Wichian Lattipongpun

The Journal of Intercultural Communication Studies, Volume 19, Issue 1, pp.103-120 (2010).

Nowadays, the Olympic Games’ Opening and Closing Ceremonies contribute greatly to, and draw from, the different... more Nowadays, the Olympic Games’ Opening and Closing Ceremonies contribute greatly to, and draw from, the different cultures in the various host cities. This paper will explore the origins of the Olympic Games’ Opening and Closing Ceremonies (OGO & CCs). The extent to which theories concerning artistic creativity and communication are utilized will specifically be examined. Historically speaking, the modern Olympic Games were adapted from the ideology of the ancient Olympic Games, which originally treated sporting competitions as a form of religious ritual. Greek people used the games as a means to communicate with their Gods; games included music, dance, and art. Interestingly, only the victory ceremonies are present in historical records; no evidence of the OGO and CCs can be found. The hypothesis that this paper will test is the notion that the OGO and CCs began with the modern Olympic Games. This study aims to answer this by conveying the initial ideas and purposes of the OGO and CC through discourse analysis. The primary data used includes the minutes of the 1906 International Olympic Committee Congress in Paris and Baron Pierre de Coubertin’s biography. The results significantly illustrate that the OGO and CC were initially associated and influenced by personal interests and cultural patterns.