Europeanization

The EU’s Two-Track Promotion of Democracy in its Eastern Neighbourhood: Examining the Case of Armenia

by Nicholas Ross Smith

Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies (forthcoming issue)

This paper examines the EU’s effectiveness in promoting democracy in its Eastern Neighbourhood through engaging with... more This paper examines the EU’s effectiveness in promoting democracy in its Eastern Neighbourhood through engaging with the case study of Armenia. In evoking Pridham’s two-track approach to democratization, the EU’s democratic strategy in its European Neighbourhood Policy is evaluated through empirically examining electoral reform (2008 presidential election) and EU interaction with domestic civil society organizations (specifically domestic NGOs)  in Armenia.  Ultimately, it is argued that the EU represents an inefficient agent of democratization through its European Neighbourhood Policy, comparatively to previous neighbourhood strategies which were based on enlargement, where reform is now more modest and the EU’s mechanisms and strategies require modification and reinvigoration.

Europeanization of Foreign Policy

by Reuben Wong

Published in Christopher Hill and Michael Smith (eds), 'International Relations and the European Union', 2ed, Oxford: Oxford UP 2011), pp.149-170.
Original version in C. Hill and M. Smith (eds), 'International Relations and the European Union' (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005), pp.134-153.
Reviewed by Raffaella Del Sarto in International Spectator 1/2006.
http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199544806.do

France in East Asia

by Reuben Wong

Published in in Mairi Maclean and Joseph Szarka (eds), 'France on the World Stage' (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp.57-76.  http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9780230582934

Social Partnership in Greece: Is There a Europeanization Effect?

by Dimitris Tsarouhas

Published in "European Journal of Industrial Relations" in 2008.

How should one understand the influence of Europeanization on social partnership? This article examines the impact of... more How should one understand the influence of Europeanization on social partnership? This article examines the impact of the European Employment Strategy (EES) on Greek social partnership and the role of employers and unions in the formulation of labour market policy. It identifies two potential levels of influence: first-level change which leads to an alteration of policy discourse, and second-level change which opens up space for reforms in policy actors' preferences and institutional resources. Empirical findings show a loose and indirect link between the advancement of Greek social partnership and the EES. Policy legacies and institutional inadequacies are decisive. Nonetheless, contrasting the Greek and Italian cases reveals the room for manoeuvre available to unions willing to invest in organizational restructuring and a bigger say in the policy process.

Re-drawing the ‘Green Europeanization of energy policy

by Israel Solorio

Co-authored with Esther Zapater, in F. Morata and I. Solorio, eds. European Energy Policy: An Environmental Approach, Edward Elgar Publisher, pp.97-112.

Globalising European Urban Bourgeoisies? Rooted middle classes and partial exit in Paris, Lyon, Madrid and Milan

by Alberta Andreotti

with Patrick Le Galès and Francisco Javier Moreno Fuentes

Introduction to a fothcoming book:
This book aims at empirically testing the role of urban upper middle classes... more Introduction to a fothcoming book:
This book aims at empirically testing the role of urban upper middle classes in the transformations experienced by contemporary European societies, linking our analysis to the debate on the emergence of a transnational bourgeoisie. In this book we argue (and try to provide empirical evidence to prove) that these groups are becoming at the same time more cosmopolitan AND more locally rooted. European urban upper
middle classes have to be analysed in relation to their strategies to gain resources from the international world, and to escape the constraints of national society, while remaining part of it (we call this “partial exit”). 
MEANWHILE, they are also part of urban societies, remain deeply rooted at the local level, and develop strategies to mix with other social and ethnic groups in some domains, while staying away and increasing distance in some others. Beyond simple analysis of secession or gentrification, this book makes
sense of this “partial exit” logic both from the national and from the urban point of view. 
We argue that European urban middle classes are becoming more mobile, partially “exiting” from the national society, and we bring evidence of this (friends, networks, children, jobs, holidays, values). They also invest resources in the cities and neighbourhoods where they live, they only look for secession or
gated communities strategies in certain contexts, but remain in control of the social and spatial distance they want to keep in relation to diverse social and ethnic groups.
 Is a new European managerial service class in the making in European metropolis in relation to European/global processes?
 Is there some pattern of social differentiation emerging, is this segment of the population adopting “exit” or “partial exit” strategies in respect to the nation state?
 Is this segment of the population adopting “exit” or “partial exit” strategies emerging from urban
practices and attempts to “exit” from the urban fabric? 

The Europeanisation of Intergovernmental Cooperation and Conflict Resolution In Belgium: The Case of Agriculture

by Tom Delreux

Beyers J., Delreux T., Steensels C. (2004), 'The Europeanisation of Intergovernmental Cooperation and Conflict Resolution In Belgium: The Case of Agriculture' in Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 5(1): p. 103-134.

Germany: From advocate to bystander – and back?

by Bettina Trueb

Forthcoming (2012) in: Ruano, Lorena (ed.): Europeanization and national foreign policies towards Latin America. London: Routledge

Exploring the Energy-Environment Relationship in the EU: Perspectives and Challenges for Theorizing and Empirical Analysis

by Israel Solorio

co-authored with Jale Tosun. Published in European Integration Online Papers

Environmental concerns have played a key role for institutionalizing energy policy at the level of the European Union.... more Environmental concerns have played a key role for institutionalizing energy policy at the level of the European Union. There is thus a tendency in research literature to assume that the objectives of these cognate policy areas are compatible and mutually reinforcing. There have been only few efforts, however, to critically assess the quality of this relationship. The contributions to this mini-special issue reveal that the instruments employed in these two policy fields are markedly different. Environmental policy instruments are mostly based on the command-and-control logic whereas environment-related European energy policy is characterized by the use of ‘softer’ measures. The second main finding is that despite the centrality of climate change concerns in the rhetoric of the European Commission, an effective integration of environmental goals into energy policy is difficult to achieve.

Beyond the 'worlds of compliance': a sociological and discursive approach to the Europeanisation of gender equality policies

by Maxime Forest

Co-authored with Prof. Emanuela Lombardo. Preliminary version of a chapter published in Lombardo E., Forest M. (eds.) The Europeanization of Gender Equality Policies. A Discursive-Sociological Approach. Basingtoke: Palgrave-MacMillan, 2012.

This paper endorses a joint research agenda at the crossroads of the most recent insights of Gender policy analysis... more This paper endorses a joint research agenda at the crossroads of the most recent insights of Gender policy analysis and Europeanization studies that encompass not only policy and legislative transfers from the EU to the State levels, but also processes of policy learning, discursive usages of Europe and contestation. This agenda aims at comparing the domestic impact of Europe in the much differentiated framings of gender and other equality policies.

Les transferts institutionnels à l'usage des politiques d'égalité hommes-femmes dans les nouveaux États membres de l'Union européenne. De l'invention d'un …

by Maxime Forest

An historical-institutionalist and sociological approach to policy transfers in the field of gender equality in... more An historical-institutionalist and sociological approach to policy transfers in the field of gender equality in Central and Eastern Europe

Did newcomers make a difference? Making equality in the EU-27

by Maxime Forest

Paper presented at the ECPR conference on EU Studies held in Riga, September, 2008 and the 1st European Conference on Gender and Politics, Belfast, January, 2009

On a first place, the paper addresses the political background of female MEPs from Central & Eastern Europe at the... more On a first place, the paper addresses the political background of female MEPs from Central & Eastern Europe at the FEMM committee, as well as their “socialization to Europe”. Based upon interviews, biographical data and comparative analysis of women’s representation in post communist Europe, it draws attention on differentiated paths to political representation. Drawing further comparisons with previous European legislatures, the paper also attempts an assessment of the impact of Eastern enlargement on the making of equality policies at the European Parliament and suggest a plausible research agenda.

Is Gender Equality Soluble into Self-Governance? Europeanizing and Regionalizing Gender Policies in Spain

by Maxime Forest

Co-authored with Alba Alonso. Prelim. version of a chapter published in: Lombardo E., Forest M. (eds.) The Europeanization of Gender Equality Policies. A Discursive-Sociological Approach, Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, pp. 192-213

An empirical study of the Europeanization of Gender Equality Policies at the sub-national level in Spain. An empirical study of the Europeanization of Gender Equality Policies at the sub-national level in Spain.

Emerging gender interest groups in the new member states: The case of the Czech Republic

by Maxime Forest

Perspectives on European Politics and Society, Volume 7, Issue 2, 2006
Special Issue: Interest Politics in Central and Eastern Europe, pp. 170-184

Despite a growing number of approaches and sub-disciplines interested in analysing lobbying and interest... more Despite a growing number of approaches and sub-disciplines interested in analysing lobbying and interest representation with a broad set of paradigms, the formation of gender interest groups has remained a marginal area of investigation. Very little has been written about women's lobbies' action in national politics, and scholars' attention has mainly addressed gender interest representation at the supranational level, and its potential consequences for the domestic scene. Regarding the new EU Member States, women's NGOs have received considerable scholarly attention as part of ‘renewed civil societies’ after 1989. However, these approaches have been quite confusing for analysing women's relation to politics in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) since ‘civil society’ does not always mean the same thing and women's groups differ highly from each other regarding the social goals they pursue. Based on a long-term qualitative research project on Czech female political elites, this paper describes the emergence of gender interest groups in CEE countries, mainly through a case study. By identifying the emergence of a multi-level system of gender interests' representation, this paper raises two broad-based questions on which the fate of gender interest groups in East Central Europe depends.

Some things change, a lot stays the same: Comparing the Country Studies

by Laura Morales

N. Aylott, L. Morales, L. Ramiro, in T. Poguntke et al. (eds.), The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and Organizational Adaptation, Routledge, 2007

European integration and Spanish parties: Elite Empowerment amidst Limited Adaptation

by Laura Morales

Luis Ramiro & Laura Morales, in T. Poguntke et al. (eds.), The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and Organizational Adaptation, Routledge, 2007

Europeización y Gobierno Local: la Iniciativa EQUAL

by Francesc Morata

El trabajo se divide en cuatro apartados. El primero explica el concepto de europeización como marco teórico que... more El trabajo se divide en cuatro apartados. El primero explica el concepto de europeización como marco teórico que permite definir los impactos internos de la gobernanza europea. El segundo describe las condiciones de entrada de los problemas del empleo en la agenda de la UE. El tercero pone de relieve las especificidades de la Iniciativa comunitaria EQUAL en el contexto general de la EEE y los principios que la inspiran. El cuarto y último analiza el proyecto Elionor en la provincia de Barcelona y las enseñanzas que se derivan poniendo especial énfasis en el funcionamiento del partenariado.

Institutional Change, Partnership and Regional Networks: Civic Engagement and the Implementation of the Structural Funds in Poland

by Marcin Dabrowski

Dabrowski, M., 2010, Institutional Change, Partnership and Regional Networks: Civic Engagement and the Implementation of the Structural Funds in Poland, in N. Adams, G. Cotella, R. Nunes, eds. Territorial Development, Cohesion and Spatial Planning Knowledge and policy development in an enlarged EU, Routledge

Shallow or deep Europeanisation? The uneven impact of EU cohesion policy on the regional and local authorities in Poland.

by Marcin Dabrowski

Forthcoming in 2012 (paper accepted for publication in Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy)

The paper aims at refining the understanding of mechanisms of post-accession Europeanisation in the New Member States... more The paper aims at refining the understanding of mechanisms of post-accession Europeanisation in the New Member States by investigating the impact of EU cohesion policy on the Polish sub-national policy actors involved in its implementation. Drawing on recent empirical evidence on the influence of EU cohesion policy in three areas – administrative capacity, strategic planning, and governance – the paper shows that adjustment to the EU cohesion policy norms initially tends to be stimulated by cost/benefit calculation or constraint, which may involve ‘shallow’ adjustment. However, the study also reveals that over time, provided that EU-imported norms are in line with the actors’ preferences, socialisation and learning mechanisms become more prominent. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that the sub-national impact of EU cohesion policy remains uneven and differentiated depending on the actors’ preferences, attitudes and capacity.

Keywords: EU cohesion policy, Poland, regional policy, sub-national actors, Europeanisation.

Europeanizing sub-national governance: partnership in the implementation of EU Structural Funds in Poland

by Marcin Dabrowski

Forthcoming publication in Regional Studies.

The legacy of centralism, lack of traditions in collaborative policy-making and weakly institutionalized sub-national... more The legacy of centralism, lack of traditions in collaborative policy-making and weakly institutionalized sub-national authorities prompt questions about the transferability of EU cohesion’s policy partnership principle to Central and Eastern European member states, the main recipients of cohesion funding. What is the impact of partnership at the sub-national level? What are the mechanisms of the sub-national actors’ adjustment to this EU-imposed practice and what is the scope for its institutionalization? By investigating sub-national partnership arrangements in Poland, the paper sheds light on these under-researched issues and contributes to the debate on the future of EU cohesion policy.

Keywords: EU cohesion policy, Europeanization, partnership, Poland, structural funds, sub-national authorities.