Enterprise 2.0

Efficacy and Adoption of Central Web 2.0 and Social Software Tools in the U.S. Intelligence Community

by Dave Schroeder

Over nearly the past decade, the United States Intelligence Community has struggled with how to effectively share... more Over nearly the past decade, the United States Intelligence Community has struggled with how to effectively share information and transform the intelligence production process to leverage the explosion of social software tools. Post–9/11 reports, recommendations, directives, and legislation uniformly point to the need for the IC to move from the existing “need to know” mode to one of “need to share” and “responsibility to provide.” Initiatives like Intellipedia and A-Space have been held out as successes, but they have not fundamentally changed the “finished report” model of intelligence production. Grassroots adoption of new tools by eager young analysts has only gone so far, and the IC is in danger of not achieving the agility it needs to respond to today’s threats. Perils like Wikileaks threaten to undo the progress that has been made. What can be done to transform intelligence into a “living” product?

Position Paper on Orientations for FP8: A European Innovation Partnership for Catalysing the Competitiveness of European Enterprises

by Aggelos Liapis

Liapis, A. (2011) “Position Paper on Orientations for FP8: A European Innovation Partnership for Catalysing the Competitiveness of European Enterprises”, European Commission, Information Society and Media, Brussels, Belgium

This document originates from the Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FInES) Cluster (more This document originates from the Future Internet Enterprise Systems (FInES) Cluster (http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/enet/ei_en.html) established under the auspices of the European Commission DG Information Society & Media. It is compiled by the editors based on various official input documents to FP8 as available, FInES Cluster publications, Future Internet Assembly (FIA) Enterprise documents, and additional background documents and references.

FeedWinnower: Layering Structures Over Collections of Information Streams

by Sanjay Kairam

Designing A Cross-Channel Information Management Tool for Workers In Enterprise Task Forces

by Sanjay Kairam

Graphity - A Generic Linked Data Framework

by Julius Šėporaitis

A position paper for W3C Linked Enterprise Data Patterns workshop (http://www.w3.org/2011/09/LinkedData/)

Co-authored with Martynas Jusevičius and Aleksandras Smirnovas

Before building the danish entertainment site HeltNormalt we were facing architectural and design decisions. As a... more Before building the danish entertainment site HeltNormalt we were facing architectural and design decisions. As a successor of the daily Wulffmorgenthaler comic strip, it had to include a dozen of content types, containing (one or more) images, plain text, XHTML, or a combination of these.

We chose Linked Data as the primary design principle, and this choice brought us a number of great advantages. We would like to share the knowledge we gathered during our development process and show that Linked Data can both be used to build mainstream websites, as well as serve as a platform for the next generation of innovative data-driven Web applications.

On the characteristics of Enterprising Communities in Emerging Economies - a framework of analysis

by Andres Marroquin

Andrés Marroquín. Draft Only

This article describes what enterprising communities are [E-C] and presents a framework of analysis. This article describes what enterprising communities are [E-C] and presents a framework of analysis.

INTELIGÊNCIA COLETIVA E FERRAMENTAS WEB 2.0: A BUSCA DA GESTÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO E DO CONHECIMENTO EM ORGANIZAÇÕES

by Decio Wey BERTI JUNIOR

published in Perspectivas em Gestão & Conhecimento (PG&C) Vol. 1, Número Especial (2011): Perspectivas em Arquitetura da Informação.

==== ENGLISH ====
Collective Intelligence and Web 2.0 Tools: Search for information and knowledge management in... more ==== ENGLISH ====
Collective Intelligence and Web 2.0 Tools: Search for information and knowledge management in organizations.


Abstract:
This paper brings a literature review of Web 2.0 tools that can be used for creation of knowledge to organizations that seek the collective intelligence by the organizational learning, highlighting the use of blogs and wikis in this process. Analises how the management Information and knowledge occurs in an environment 2.0 during the creation process with the Web 2.0 tools. Concludes that create and share the knowledge with Web 2.0 tools, require new attitudes, new skills and new competence that can assist the organization in pursuit of collective intelligence for it to become more competitive.

Keywords:
Collective Intelligence.
Entreprise 2.0. Web 2.0 tools.
Information management.
Knowledge management.

==== Português - BR ====
Inteligência Coletiva e Ferramentas Web 2.0: A busca da gestão da informação e do conhecimento em organizações.

Resumo:
O artigo aborda, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, quais ferramentas Web 2.0 podem ser utilizadas na criação de conhecimento para que as organizações busquem a Inteligência Coletiva por meio da aprendizagem organizacional, enfatizando o uso dos blogs e wikis neste processo. Analisa como ocorre a
gestão da informação e do conhecimento no ambiente 2.0 durante o processo de criação de conhecimento por meio das ferramentas Web 2.0. Conclui que a criação e o compartilhamento de conhecimento por meio das ferramentas Web 2.0 requerem dos profissionais da informação novas
posturas, novas habilidades e novas competências para que possam auxiliar a organização na busca da Inteligência Coletiva para que ela se torne mais competitiva.

Palavras-chave:
Inteligência Coletiva.
Empresa 2.0.
Ferramentas Web 2.0.
Gestão da informação.
Gestão do conhecimento.

The Open Innovation OF Management and Organization

by Charles Despres

In Meschi, P-X. and Dibaggio, L. (eds). Managing in the Knowledge Economy. Prentice Hall (forthcoming).

History bears witness to the fact that new technologies are capable of transforming business and management by... more History bears witness to the fact that new technologies are capable of transforming business and management by fundamentally reshaping information channels, power dynamics, knowledge dynamics and (ultimately) organizational designs. The most recent socio-technical transformations in this vein are redefining business in the Knowledge Economy: new paradigms for innovation and organisational design are emerging that keep pace with, but also fuel, the increased complexity and connectedness facing managers today. This chapter introduces a weak signal of this genre that is emerging as we write: the application of Open Innovation (OI) principles and practices to the design and management of the organization itself.

Information Management Issues and Challenges in an Enterprise 2.0 Era: Imperatives for Action

by Susan Williams

Please cite this paper as:
Williams, S.P. and Hardy, C. (2011) Information Management Issues and Challenges in an Enterprise 2.0 Era: Imperatives for Action. 24th Bled eConference eFuture: Creating Solutions for the Individual, Organisations and Society June 12 - 15, 2011; Bled, Slovenia, 56-67.

The potential benefits of E2.0 such as improved intra- and inter-organisational collaboration and information sharing... more The potential benefits of E2.0 such as improved intra- and inter-organisational collaboration and information sharing are now widely acknowledged, however the management of digital information arising from the use of E2.0 technologies is presenting significant issues and challenges. In this paper we report on a research study to identify the issues and challenges associated with E2.0 and digital information management more widely and outline key imperatives for action. Key issues emerging from the analysis include uncertainty about the nature and scope of E2.0 and how the information it generates should be preserved and managed in a dynamic and changing environment.

An Empirical Study of Enterprise 2.0 in Context

by Susan Williams

Please cite this paper as:
Williams S.P. and Schubert, P. (2011) An Empirical Study of Enterprise 2.0 in Context, 24th Bled eConference eFuture: Creating Solutions for the Individual, Organisations and Society June 12 - 15, 2011; Bled, Slovenia, 42-55.

As Enterprise 2.0 (E2.0) initiatives are gradually moving out of the early experimenta- tion phase it is time to focus... more As Enterprise 2.0 (E2.0) initiatives are gradually moving out of the early experimenta- tion phase it is time to focus greater attention on examining the structures, processes and operations surrounding E2.0 projects. In this paper we present the findings of an empirical study to investigate and understand the reasons for initiating E2.0 projects and the benefits being derived from them. Our study comprises seven in-depth case studies of E2.0 implementations. We develop a classification and means of visualising the scope of E2.0 initiatives and use these methods to analyse and compare projects. Our findings indicate a wide range of motivations and combinations of technology in use and show a strong emphasis towards the content management functionality of E2.0 technologies.

Replacing the water cooler: connecting through enterprise microblogging

by Zaana Howard

Co-authored with Darren Ryan.  Peer reviewed paper presented at 15th biennial VALA conference, 11 February 2010, Melbourne, Australia.

This paper, founded within Enterprise 2.0, knowledge management and informed learning theory, outlines the... more This paper, founded within Enterprise 2.0, knowledge management and informed learning theory, outlines the introduction of Yammer, an enterprise microblogging application at CPA Australia.  The implementation and adoption process is discussed through usage analysis; and resulting outcomes through user success stories.  Lessons learned provide a framework for organisations looking to adopt social networking tools within their own organisational environment.

Marketing 2.0: A new marketing strategy

by Fabio Musso

Musso F., Consoli D. (2010), “Marketing 2.0: A New Marketing Strategy”, Journal of International Scientific Publications: Economy & Business, Vol. 4, Part, 2, ISSN 1313-2555, pp. 315-325.

The advent of Web 2.0 and its collaborative tools (forums, chat, blogs, wikis) simplified the interaction among... more The advent of Web 2.0 and its collaborative tools (forums, chat, blogs, wikis) simplified the interaction among various business subjects (company, customers, suppliers). A new model of Enterprise 2.0 communicates interactively with all stakeholders, cooperate with them, listen, create, share and capitalize knowledge. Web 2.0 enhances customer relationships and supports, fully, developments in the field of marketing: from advertisement to participation, from social networking to mobile communication. In this paper we talk about Marketing 2.0 that with interactive web 2.0 tools facilitates the relationships between enterprise and customer. The enterprise communicate with customer, by a bidirectional channel, during pre and post purchase. The customer affections sentimentally and emotionally to brand and company. The enterprise can know, in real-time, reviews of customers on product/service and the degree of satisfaction and behaves accordingly. Marketing 2.0 leds companies to reach business goals using technological tools and social media that exploit, in the interactive dialogue, the old power of word of mouth.

Multi-Rational Networking: Factoring the Family into the Family Business Network

by Claire Seaman

Accepted for ISBE 2010

Abstract
Objectives
1. To further explore the potential use of multi-rational approaches to networks... more Abstract
Objectives
1. To further explore the potential use of multi-rational approaches to networks analysis in family owned and managed SMEs
2. To develop existing multi-rational models of multiple-rationalities in the family business network to accommodate more complex business structures and ownership patterns.

Approach
Networking is of acknowledged importance to small and medium sized businesses [SMEs] and is an area where substantial research already exists [O’Donnell, 2001]. Current developments in family business strategy research, however, propose that theoretical developments should consider the appropriateness in different circumstances of mono-rational and multi-rational approaches to businesses where a family and a business co-exist [Hall, 2002; Poutziouris, 2009]. The challenge in much current research lies, it is argued, in the preponderance of mono-rationalist viewpoints which focus research on either the family or the business perspective. Expanding this theory to the manner in which family owned and managed SMEs access and develop networks, the appropriateness of multi-rational perspectives which acknowledge that the family network, the business network and the social network co-exist is the topic of current research. Specifically, the current paper draws the distinction between mono-rational networking which focuses upon one dimension – the family, social or business network – and multi-rational approaches which accept that these three dimensions intertwine.

Results
Using case-study methodology to explore the networks surrounding a third-generation family business within a peri-urban community, the results highlights both the multiple-rationalities employed in networking and the manner in which different aspects of their individual networks contribute to business development. Modelling the multiple-rationalities of networks accessed by the family in business indicates how greater depth of understanding of networks is accorded when multiple rationalities form part of the perspective by which networks are viewed. The key conclusion presented here is that different types of SMEs may be influenced by different rationalities and that modelling the different rationalities that influence family businesses may offer further insight into the manner in which networks support business development. The speed of network development is also highlighted.

Implications
The implications of the current research are two-fold and pertain to both the development of family business research and in the methodologies used to explore the networks of family businesses. The implications for family business research lie in an enhanced understanding of the importance of the manner in which the family perspective and the business dimension inter-twine. The implications for the development of future research methodologies include the development and assessment of the initial model and the potential manner in which this might be expanded to include increasingly large and complex data sets.

Value
The importance of networks in business development is already well-established in the literature [O’Donnell, 2001], alongside the importance of family businesses which constitute the most common form of business World-wide [Leach, 2007]. The key value added by the current research lies in the development of new methodologies that allow the subtleties of network development in the family business environment to be better evaluated.

Rural Family Business in Recession: Carnage or Creation?

by Claire Seaman

Presented at the 7th Rural Entrepreneurship Conference

Abstract
The turmoil and turbulence within financial markets may have triggered a recession, but it also... more Abstract
The turmoil and turbulence within financial markets may have triggered a recession, but it also heralds a period of change. Despite evidence of substantial business distress and failure in the current market, history indicates that where turbulence creates changes, opportunities present – and that those businesses who survive and thrive in the post-recessionary period will be different from those original businesses. This perception of different ‘types’ of business recession may in part be due the system of classification for businesses in the UK, where traditional classifications tend to focus on business size, business sector or a combination of the two. Whilst useful, such classificatory systems overlook fundamental differences in the structure and formation of family-based and non-family-based businesses [Fletcher et al, 2002a; 2002b] and substantial differences in the networks and social capital on which they may be able to draw in difficult economic times [Zahra et al, 2006] .

Despite difficulties in definition, established figures indicate the family businesses represent 60-70% of the UK business base. Importantly, however and acknowledging the limited data available [Leach, 2007], family businesses appear to be relatively evenly distributed geographically [Scottish Executive, 2003; 2005]. Given the acknowledgement within the literature that family businesses operate differently [Zahra et al, 2006], this finding has profound implications for rural regional economic development policy.

Accepting that rural family businesses form part of the rural economic bedrock and that post-recessionary business will look different, a key question posed by this paper is how rural family business can win a place at the front of the new queue? Drawing on general indicators and pointers for business success in a dynamic and potentially hostile environment, this paper will focus upon the role of knowledge and knowledge transfer in the networks of family businesses and the manner in which the family contributes positively or otherwise to the speed of adaptive response in turbulent economic conditions. The links to policy in terms of business support, education and curriculum development and knowledge transfer in its broadest sense will be explored with reference to both case studies and survey data.

References
Fletcher, D. [2002a] Understanding the Small Family Business Routledge Studies in Small Business, Routledge, London

Fletcher, D. [2002b] A Network Perspective of Cultural Organising and Professional Management in the Small Family Business Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 9 4 400-415

Leach, P. [2007] Family Business: The Essentials BDO Stoy Haward Profile Books, London

Scottish Executive Annual Survey of Small Businesses [2003] Final Report Enterprise and Lifelong Learning

Scottish Executive Annual Survey of Small Businesses [2005] Final Report Enterprise and Lifelong Learning

Zahra, S.A., Klein, S.B. and Astrachan, J.H [2006] Epilogue: theory building and the survival of family firms – three promising research directions, in P.Z. Poutziouris, K.X. Smyrnios and S.B. Klein (eds.), Handbook of Research on Family Businesses. Edward Elgar. Cheltenham, UK.

Paths Through The Maze: The Role of Hidden Networks in Knowledge Transfer

by Claire Seaman

Richard Bent and Mike Pretious

The Edinburgh Knowledge Hedge, developed at Queen Margaret University in Edinburgh [Bent and Seaman, 2007; 2009] was... more The Edinburgh Knowledge Hedge, developed at Queen Margaret University in Edinburgh [Bent and Seaman, 2007; 2009] was initially used to conceptualise the barriers SMEs face when they attempt to access business support. Accepting the role of SMEs in economic and social development and stability in a period of recession [Fraser of Allander, 2009], the manner in which they can best be supported for growth remains a key concern. The relative effectiveness of different types of business support, the relatively low uptake rates and the low esteem in which professional business support agencies are held remain a cause for concern, alongside the need to understand more about relative importance of formal business support agencies, networks and informal support systems available for SMEs.

Following publication of the model at ISBE, the critical evaluation and refinement of the model has been on-going and will be discussed here in the context of a case study based on a minority ethnic food manufacturing company, owned and managed by a family and employing an overwhelming majority of women. Employing many women who would otherwise remain economically inactive, the case study offers useful insight into the role of South Asian women in businesses and into the overlap between the social and business networks that underpin much knowledge transfer. Building on earlier work which looked at the role of women in businesses owned and run within Asian communities in Britain [Dhaliwal, 2000; Dhaliwal and Kangis, 2006], the role of social and business networks in knowledge transfer within the South Asian business community in Edinburgh will be considered. The role of knowledge transfer in both the prevention of knowledge loss crisis [Parise et al, 2006] and in the longer term development of competitive advantage [Seaman and Graham, 2009] has been reasonably well-established. Similarly, the role of networks in business learning and knowledge transfer is well documented[Ahlstrom and Soderling, 2003], but the role of networks in circumventing barriers to business support is less clear.

Examining and acknowledging the role of networks allows the expansion of the Edinburgh Knowledge Hedge, a refined version of which will be presented here. The role of case studies in theory building has been acknowledged [Dooley, 2002], but the need for more quantitative data to enable the further development and testing of this model is accepted. The questions that arise from, therefore, are around the best method by which future testing and refinement can be achieved and this will form part of the discussion.

References
Ahlstrom-Soderling, R. [2003] SME Strategic Business Networks Seen as Learning Organisations Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 10 4 444-454

Bent, R., Seaman, C. and Silva, M. [2007] Minority Ethnic Businesses: So Are We Really Saying One Size Fits All? Paper presented at the 30th Annual Conference of the Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship 7-9 November 2007 Glasgow.

Bent, R., Seaman, C. and Silva, M. [2009] Minority Ethnic Businesses: So Are We Really Saying One Size Fits All? Int'l Journal of Entrepreneurship & Small Business  7 3

Dhaliwal, S. [2000] Entrepreneurship – a Learning Process: the Experiences of Asian Female Entrepreneurs and Women in Business Education and Training 42 8 445-452

Dhaliwal, S. and Kangis, P. [2006] Asians in the UK: Gender, Generations and Enterprise Equal Opportunities International 25 2 92-108

Dooley, L.M. [2002] Case Study Research and Theory Building Advances in Developing Human Resources 4 3 335-354

Fraser of Allander Institute [2009] Economic Commentary 32 3

Parise, S., Cross, R. ad Davenport, T.H. [2006] Strategies for Preventing a Knowledge Loss Crisis MITSloan Management Review 47 4 1-35

Seaman, C. and Graham, S. [2009] Creating Competitive Advantage in Scottish Family Businesses: Managing, Sharing and Transferring the Knowledge In: Cultural Implications of Knowledge Sharing, Management and Transfer: Identifying Competitive Advantage Ed D. Haromonina IDI International Publishers

Resilience in the Family: Multi-Rational Networking in Rural Family Businesses

by Claire Seaman

Abstract
The role of networks and networks capital in the resilience of small and medium sized businesses in... more Abstract
The role of networks and networks capital in the resilience of small and medium sized businesses in changing economic circumstances is explored here with direct reference to family businesses. Whilst networking is a substantial area of research [O’Donnell, 2001], current research tends to focus upon the business or social networks of the small and medium business in a mono-rational sense. Where the background to that business is a family it is argued that the family, business and social rationales overlap to create a multi-rational network which influences the manner in which the business adapts to changing economic circumstances. Building on recent theoretical developments in the area of family business strategy [Poutziouris, 2009], it is argued here that current theories around multiple rationalities are even more critical where a family and a business overlap.
Within the current paper, on-going research at Queen Margaret University in Edinburgh is presented as a case study that focuses on two distinct areas: the manner in which family businesses network and the appropriateness of multiple-rationalities as a theoretical perspective through which the social, business and family networks can be viewed. In parallel, the role of network capital in the development of sustainable businesses which are resilient in difficult economic circumstances is considered, touching on the complexities of family business and their strengths [Zhara, 2006, IFB, 2008]. The manner in which family ties influence business decision making can and probably does vary in different economic circumstances but the networks of the family business are, it is argued, one key facet of their resilience which merits further research in a variety of contexts.

References
IFB [2008] The UK Family Business Sector An Institute for Family Business Report by Capital Economics February 2008
O’Donnell, A., Gilmore, A., Cummins, D., and Carson, D. [2001] The Network Construct in Entrepreneurship Research: A Review and Critique management Decision 39/9 749-760
Poutziouris, Z. P. [2009] Plural Rationalities in Family Business Strategy Paper to the ESRC Workshop on Family Business, the British Library, London
Zahra, S.A., Klein, S.B. and Astrachan, J.H [2006] Epilogue: theory building and the survival of family firms – three promising research directions, in P.Z. Poutziouris, K.X. Smyrnios and S.B. Klein (eds.), Handbook of Research on Family Businesses. Edward Elgar. Cheltenham, UK

Minority ethnic businesses – so are we really saying that one size fits all?

by Claire Seaman

Co-authored with Richard Bent and Mauricio Silva

A model will be introduced to illustrate the synthesis of the issues raised and allow a pedagogical approach to be... more A model will be introduced to illustrate the synthesis of the issues raised and allow a pedagogical approach to be considered for future business intervention. It is widely recognised that SME success is a key factor to the health of the UK economy, yet the efficacy of business support and development is questioned by all sides. This work suggests the urgent need to identify 'real needs', effective business support and improved approaches for knowledge transfer. The paper is also designed to stimulate debate and question some of the existing methods, processes and views that are utilised in business support. It is hoped that by developing a better understanding of the needs and dynamics of both the minority and the wider SME market in general, a better use of support and (often limited) resources can be made. If business support is improved, then it is envisaged that this would cascade outwards and provide long-term social, community, entrepreneurial and economic benefits towards a 'healthier' nation.

Exploring Scottish family businesses: economy, geography and community

by Claire Seaman

Co-authored with Stuart Graham, Peter Falconer and Martin Stepek

The results from this debate will provide a starting point for future theoretical and action research and a key aim of... more The results from this debate will provide a starting point for future theoretical and action research and a key aim of the proposed discussion paper is to encourage interested parties with diverse expertise to contribute and highlight their interest in future participation. The implications of this debate are profound and will impact upon Scotland in a variety of ways in terms of economic, cultural and community development. The role of those different groups involved – entrepreneurs, policy makers, practitioners, researchers and educators – will be key. The value of this paper lies primarily in its contribution to a debate and the call for further research in an area of key importance to the Scottish and, indeed, the UK economy.

Measuring the financial capability of minority ethnic business owners in Scotland

by Claire Seaman

Co-authored with Mauricio Silva and Richard Bent

This paper aims at prompting a discussion on the need to measure the financial capability of non-traditional minority... more This paper aims at prompting a discussion on the need to measure the financial capability of non-traditional minority ethnic business owners in Scotland in order to enhance the provision of business support. This would be achieved through a targeted 'needs based' approach that offers a better understanding of the viability of their enterprises and the most efficient use of available funds to meet their objectives. A literature review will identify current research on financial capability focusing on definitions and measurement, methodologies, questionnaires, and findings. The review will also help to develop a framework for a model of business owner financial capability that will be tested in current research being conducted on Latin American business owners in Scotland. Discussion and research should provide a starting point in the research of mechanisms to efficiently deliver financial support to minority ethnic businesses, and the paper aims to encourage contributions and participation to build an understanding of financial capability in the context of minority ethnic businesses. This discussion has profound implications to the provision of business support and economic growth in Scotland: it entails structuring knowledge based dialogues between consultants and the beneficiaries of sponsored backing to promote mutually beneficial outcomes to financial decisions.

Staff Motivation In Small Food Manufacturing Enterprises

by Claire Seaman

Co-authored with Richard Bent and Arthur Ingram

Examines the factors which affect staff motivation and satisfaction in small food businesses. Explores previous... more Examines the factors which affect staff motivation and satisfaction in small food businesses. Explores previous theories of motivation. Thirty-eight small food processing and manufacturing companies in Scotland formed the sample. Interviews and open-ended semi-structured questionnaires were employed in the research. Results emphasise the importance of the management style of the owner/manager particularly when it comes to factors such as “lack of appreciation”, “poor communication” and “training”.