Early Iron Age

Μ. Μπέσιος, Γ. Τζιφόπουλος & Α. Κοτσώνας (2012). Μεθώνη Πιερίας Ι: Επιγραφές, χαράγματα και εμπορικά σύμβολα στη γεωμετρική και αρχαϊκή κεραμική από το ‘Υπόγειο’. Θεσσαλονίκη: Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας.

by Antonis Kotsonas

Dedications in clay: Terracotta figurines in Early Iron Age Greece (c. 1100--700 BCE)

by Erin Averett

Dissertation, University of Missouri. 2007

Príspevok k problematike pohrebného rítu detí vo villanovskej kultúre. Burial rite of the Villanovan Culture - Problems Concerning Child Graves

by Katarina Hladikova

Khirbet Qeiyafa: An Unsensational Archaeological and Historical Interpretation

by Alexander Fantalkin

Co-authored with Israel Finkelstein
Finkelstein, I. and Fantalkin, A. 2012. Khirbet Qeiyafa: An Unsensational Archaeological and Historical Interpretation. Tel Aviv 39: 38-63.

The article deals with the finds at the late Iron I settlement of Khirbet Qeiyafa, a site overlooking the Valley of... more The article deals with the finds at the late Iron I settlement of Khirbet Qeiyafa, a site overlooking the Valley of Elah in the Shephelah. It points out the methodological shortcomings in both field work and interpretation of the finds. It then turns to several issues related to the finds: the identity of the inhabitants, their territorial affiliation and the possibility of identifying Khirbet Qeiyafa with sites mentioned in the Bible and in the Shoshenq I list.

Chapple, R. M. 2011 'Review: Past Times, Changing Fortunes: Proceedings of a Public Seminar on Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes, August 2010' Blogspot post

by Robert M Chapple

Le site de La Rochette à Mauron (Morbihan, France) : les multiples occupations d'un promontoire

by Klet Donnart

TINEVEZ J.-Y., QUESNEL L., MARCOUX N., DONNART K., BARDEL V., GAUTIER M., BERNARD V., FONTUGNE M., VAN DER PLICHT J. et OBERLIN C. (2011) - Le site de La Rochette à Mauron (Morbihan) : les multiples occupations d’un promontoire, Revue Archéologique de l’Ouest, n° 28, p.71-148.

Découvert par prospection aérienne en 1992, le site de La Rochette révèle un ensemble de cinq fossés barrant un relief... more Découvert par prospection aérienne en 1992, le site de La Rochette révèle un ensemble de cinq fossés barrant un relief de promontoire dominant la vallée de l’Yvel. Face à l’indigence du matériel archéologique datant, dix-sept datations par le radiocarbone viennent étayer l’attribution chronoculturelle des quatre principales occupations mises en évidence. Une première fréquentation, au Néolithique ancien, se résume à cinq foyers en cuvette groupés au nord-est du site. Au Bronze final, le large fossé interrompu constitue un imposant barrage très structuré abritant une série de petits bâtiments régulièrement disposés en arc de cercle. Le premier âge du Fer est marqué par l’implantation d’une palissade sur laquelle s’adossent de petits bâtiments et un large fossé ceinturant la pointe du promontoire au sud. Après un hiatus de plusieurs siècles, la partie sud est réinvestie par une imposante enceinte en bois protégeant une maison sur poteau. L’ensemble est bien daté (radiocarbone et dendrochronologie) du haut Moyen Âge, fin VIIe-VIIIe siècle apr. J.-C.

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The site of la Rochette was discovered by aerial photography in 1992. Due to a lack of good dating material, seventeen radiocarbon dates contribute to the chronocultural determination of the four principal occupation phases revealed on the site. The first traces of early Neolithic occupation are limited to five shallow hearths grouped on the north-east of the site. During the late Bronze Age, the wide interrupted ditch forms a well structured fortification, protecting behind its inner earthen rampart a series of small buildings placed in an arc. The early Iron Age is marked by the construction of a palisade backed by small wooden buildings and by the excavation of a wide ditch enclosing the southern end of the promontory. After a gap of several centuries, the southern part of the site is re-occupied by a huge wooden enclosure protecting a post-build house. The whole is precisely dated, by radiocarbon and dendrochronology, to the Early Mediaeval period, late VIIth-early VIIIth century AD.

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Chapple, R. M. 2011 'Review: Creative Minds: Proceedings of a Public Seminar on Archaeological Discoveries on National Road Schemes, August 2009' Blogspot post

by Robert M Chapple

Janus-Statue aus Pannonien, vom Fundort der Regöly-Gruppe aus der Früheisenzeit

by Géza Szabó

Premiers travaux à Cuciurpula (Sarra di Scopamena – Surbuddà ; Corse-du-Sud)

by Kewin Peche-Quilichini

Co-authored with T. Lachenal
TRJCA 2008

L’opération à Cuciurpula, principal sommet de la bordure méridionale du plateau du Cuscionu, dans le massif montagneux... more L’opération à Cuciurpula, principal sommet de la bordure méridionale du plateau du Cuscionu, dans le massif montagneux du centre sud de l’île, a consisté à documenter toutes les principales phases d’occupation du massif :
- étude des charbonnières des XVIIIe/XIXe siècles et post-1950 ;
- collecte de mobilier, étude du bâti et relevé des structures présentes sur le secteur sommital occupé par un complexe castral médiéval ;
- prospection-inventaire de la Punta di Cuciurpula et du secteur plan de Pianu Suttanu ;
- sondage de 1 m² dans l’abri 1 ;
- sondage de 4 m² dans la structure « Cuciurpula 1 ».
Ces deux excavations ont permis de mettre en évidence une phase d’occupation intense du versant méridional au cours du premier âge du Fer, vers les VIIIe/VIe siècles. A cette époque, ce secteur est aménagé sur une vingtaine d’hectares par la mise en place d’un système de terrassements dont le but est d’aplanir les terrains pour permettre l’implantation de structures aux soubassements faits de gros blocs. Ces structures, dont on estime le nombre originel à près d’une quarantaine, sont de forme allongée (environ 11 m de long sur 3 m de large) et présentent un côté court absidial. A l’opposé, se situe probablement l’accès à l’espace interne. L’évaluation réalisée dans l’une d’entre elles a permis de reconnaître plusieurs niveaux de sol construit (chapes d’argiles parementées de tessons) et des négatifs de poteaux porteurs. Le mobilier recueilli renvoie aux productions de type « Nuciaresa-Cumpulaghja » et à son vaisselier où est bien représenté le décor « en grain de riz ». Le matériel livré par l’abri appartient également à cette ambiance chronologique et culturelle. Même si la fonction des diverses structures, supposées contemporaines, reste à déterminer avec certitude (habitations d’un vaste village ?), l’opération offre déjà de précieuses informations quant à la connaissance des dynamiques sociales, culturelles et chronologiques de l’âge du Fer dans l’espace intérieur montagnard du sud de la Corse.

Pohreb dieťaťa z halštatskej mohyly v Süttő – súvislosti a interpretácie. Burial of a child from Early Iron Age barrow in Süttő – context and interpretations.

by Petra Kmeťová

published in "Zborník Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského - MUSAICA 27, Bratislava 2011"

In this paper we focus on find of skeleton of an 8 year old child from Early Iron Age barrow in Süttő, Western... more In this paper we focus on find of skeleton of an 8 year old child from Early Iron Age barrow in Süttő, Western Hungary. Detailed observations of stratigraphy and distribution of finds originally placed on grave-chamber roof helps to reconstruct possible relation of the child burial from chamber roof with three iron horse-bits. Another detail, although mentioned by author of the excavation, but left unnoticed by other authors, is another deposit of harness (probably for several horses), burned on funeral pyre of a man buried inside the grave chamber, as well as find of single unburned rein-knob from dromos. It seems likely that harnesses for several horses were placed on pyre along with a man of elevated social rank, and three unburned bridles were given to the inhumated child on the roof of wooden chamber. Considering the theory of horse-gear in grave symbolizing social status of a deceased, we suggest that the, bridles represented high status of the child. Symbol of a wagon could have been used only for persons of the highest rank. Infant could have obtained this status by inheritance (descent). Whether this child died naturally and therefore was buried in the (already existing) barrow of the adult with similar status, or was one of his funeral sacrifices to the deceased, remains open.

Postavenie psa v spoločnosti doby halštatskej. Dog in the Early Iron Age society (summary).

by Petra Kmeťová

published in: "Medea – Studia mediaevalia et antiqua 10, Bratislava 2007"

Presented paper deals with representations of dog in figural art of East Alpine Hallstatt region, especially motives... more Presented paper deals with representations of dog in figural art of East Alpine Hallstatt region, especially motives exept hunting scenes (these were presented in another paper). Representations from the East Alpine Hallstatt region are compared to dogs representations from other contemporary centres of figural art. The representations are compared to selected dog burials from presented region and also to role of dog in mythology and ancient religions.

Etudes céramiques du rempart de plateau de Vix - Bardel, Moreau, Kasprzyk 2011 -

by Bardel David

Bardel et al. 2011 : BARDEL (D.), MOREAU (C.), KASPRZYK (M.) – Etude de la céramique néolithique, protohistorique et antique du rempart de plateau Saint-Marcel. In : CHAUME (B.), MORDANT (C.).(éd.) — Le complexe aristocratique de Vix. Nouvelles recherches sur l'habitat, le système de fortification et l’environnement du mont Lassois. Dijon : éditions universitaires dijonnaises(Art, archéologie et patrimoine), 201, p. 235 – 288.

Zu Gewichtssteinen der Späthallstatt- und Latènezeit

by Lorenz Rahmstorf

Co-authored with C. F. E. Pare, published in 'Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 54, 2007 (2010), 265-295

Concerning weight-stones of the Late Hallstatt and La Tène Periods
Metrological weights of the Late Hallstatt... more Concerning weight-stones of the Late Hallstatt and La Tène Periods
Metrological weights of the Late Hallstatt and the Early La Tène Period are hardly known up to now. Concerning the emergence of the Late La Tène monetary system and the connected metrology no precursors have hitherto been proven. In this paper stone objects with iron lugs, especially from the periods HaD3
and LT A, are discussed as potential balance-weights. Because of their size and mass, they could be termed pound- or mina-weights, not fine weights. This identification is supported by formal analogies with weights with lugs from the Late Bronze Age of Central Europe and Italy and with Iron Age weights with iron lugs from Italy, Spain and England. A clear clue is provided by the Late La Tène hoard from the oppidum Pohanská near Plavecké Podhradie in Moravia, where beside numerous iron tools there were also found the balance-beam of a steelyard together with such a stone weight with iron lug. The equipoised balances with markings on the beam from Hochdorf and Satricum demonstrate that the development of the principle of
the steelyard with sliding weight had already begun in the 6th / 5th century B.C. Possibly the lugged weights were employed in iron trading. A definite proof for the use of Late Hallstatt and Early La Tène lugged weights as metrological weights is for the time being still pending.

Aportación de la micromorfología al conocimiento de las prácticas pastoriles de finales de la Edad de Bronce en el yacimiento de la Cova des Morts (Mongofre Nou, Maó, Menorca).

by De Nicolás Mascaró Joan C.

Co-authored with: Bergadà, M.M.

Aportación de la micromorfología al conocimiento de las prácticas pastoriles de finales de la Edad de Bronce en el yacimiento de la Cova des Morts (Mongofre Nou, Maó, Menorca).
Mayurqa: revista del Departament de Ciències Històriques i Teoria de les Arts, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB). ISSN 0301-8296, Nº 30, 2005, págs. 181-202.


Palabras clave: Baleares, Menorca, Cova des Morts (Mongofre), Cultura Talaiótica, Estabulación, Bóvidos, Ovicaprinos, Bronce reciente, Micromorfología.

Key words: Balearic Islands, Minorca, Talaiotic Culture, stabling, cattle, sheep and goats, Late Bronze Age, Micromorphology, Cova des Morts (Mongofre)

En este trabajo analizamos la secuencia sedimentaria del yacimiento de la Cova des Morts correspondiente a los niveles... more En este trabajo analizamos la secuencia sedimentaria del yacimiento de la Cova des Morts correspondiente a los niveles de transición entre la ocupación doméstica y la funeraria de finales de la Edad de Bronce. El registro sedimentario está compuesto por una alternancia de niveles con distintos componentes que presentan alteraciones propias de los efectos de la combustión de mayor a menor intensidad. El estudio micromorfológico de la secuencia nos permite plantear que la cavidad se utilizó como lugar de estabulación, hecho documentado por la presencia de excrementos de bóvidos y de ovicaprinos y por la acumulación de restos vegetales.

This study analyses the sedimentary sequence of the site at Cova des Morts corresponding to the levels of transition between domestic and funerary occupation at the end of the Bronze Age.
The sedimentary record comprises an alternation of levels with distinct components that present alterations which reflect the effects of combustion of differing intensities. The micromorphological study of the sequence suggests that the cave was used for stabling animals, owing to the presence of excrements of bovine animals and sheep and goats and the accumulation of plant remains.

La campaña de excavación de 2001 en Biniparratx Petit (Menorca): Avance de los primeros análisis radiocarbónicos.

by De Nicolás Mascaró Joan C.

Co-authored with: Gornés, J.S., Guerrero, V., Hernández-Gasch, J., Van Strydonck, M.

La campaña de excavación de 2001 en Biniparratx Petit (Menorca): Avance de los primeros análisis radiocarbónicos.
Mayurqa: revista del Departament de Ciències Històriques i Teoria de les Arts. Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB). ISSN 0301-8296, Nº 27, 2001, págs. 227-235.

Key words: Baleares / Balearic Islands, Menorca / Minorca, Talaiotic Culture, Late Bronze Age, Mediterranean Prehistory, Biniparratx Petit, radiocarbon dating.

En este escrito se presentan ocho dataciones C14 procedentes del poblado talaiòtico de Biniparratx Petit (Menorca).... more En este escrito se presentan ocho dataciones C14 procedentes del poblado talaiòtico de Biniparratx Petit (Menorca). Varias de las cuales son especialmente interesantes para fechar los orígenes del asentamiento y la construcción del talaiot.

In this article eight radiocarbon notations are presented originating from the Talayot settlement of Biniparratx Petit (Minorca, Balearic Islands, Spain). Several pieces are of special interest with origins dating from the construccion of the Talayot settlement.

The rise of the polis in central Crete.'Eulimene 2002 (3), 37-74

by Antonis Kotsonas

The paper identified and interprets changes manifested in the politics, society and economy of Crete in the late 7th... more The paper identified and interprets changes manifested in the politics, society and economy of Crete in the late 7th century BC.

Celtic Clothing During the Iron Age- A Very Broad and Generic Approach

by heather smith

Draft copy

While few archaeological finds remain concerning dress during the Iron Age of the Celtic Tribes in Europe, if we... more While few archaeological finds remain concerning dress during the Iron Age of the Celtic Tribes in Europe, if we consider historical commentary, Celtic art, oral traditions and archaeological data together we can amass a generic idea what might have been available and worn by them. This broad approach to dress is not with out bias however and it must be noted that regional differences must have existed. The document tries to amass not just the generic view of dress but also emphasizes the issues of lack of evidence and culture and region differences that impact this information.

Брилева О.А. Гамдлисцкаройский клад и проблемы его интерпретации // Вопросы древней и средневековой археологии Кавказа. Грозный-Москва, 2011. С. 111-118

by Olga Brileva

Treasure from Gamdlisckaro and problems of Interpretation

Статья посвящена трактовке сцены, изображенной на пластине из Гамдлисцкаройского клада. Возможно, площадка... more Статья посвящена трактовке сцены, изображенной на пластине из Гамдлисцкаройского клада. Возможно, площадка иллюстрирует обряд вторичного погребения в Грузии, но изображена в традициях другой культуры.

The Archaeology of Tomb A1K1 of Orthi Petra in Eleutherna: The Early Iron Age Pottery

by Antonis Kotsonas

“Ceramic variability and drinking habits in Iron Age Crete”. In Acts of The ‘‘Dark Ages’’ Revisited, An International Conference in Memory of William D.E. Coulson, Mazarakis-Ainian A. (ed.), Volos, 2011, 943-955.

by Antonis Kotsonas