Dictatorships

Políticas urbanas en un contexto de dictadura militar. Algunos interrogantes a partir de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (1976-1983)

by Guillermo Jajamovich

Co-authored with Luján Menazzi. In press. Bitácora urbano-territorial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, nro 20.

El presente artículo busca reflexionar acerca del accionar de la última dictadura militar argentina sobre la ciudad de... more El presente artículo busca reflexionar acerca del accionar de la última dictadura militar argentina sobre la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Así, se analizarán las políticas urbanas de la dictadura en general profundizando en particular ciertas intervenciones, tales como los fallidos intentos de traslado del Mercado Nacional de Hacienda y el plan de Autopistas Urbanas, que supuso una serie de demoliciones y expropiaciones en un área que sería testigo al poco tiempo de medidas de protección patrimonial. Estas intervenciones, entre otras, suponen ciertas fisuras o contradicciones que nos alejan de entender el accionar de la dictadura como algo unívoco. En ese sentido se señalan los distintos organismos estatales desde donde se producen estas intervenciones, las distintas perspectivas y lógicas de intervención y los efectos en ocasiones contradictorios sobre el territorio. A partir del análisis de estas intervenciones se problematizarán dos aspectos: la idea que supone un accionar unívoco, sin fisuras ni disputas internas por parte de la dictadura, y la imagen de un gobierno dictatorial omnipotente, sin actores sociales con capacidad de oponerse a sus distintas iniciativas.

This paper analyses the last military dictatorship urban policies for the city of Buenos Aires. It deepens certain interventions, such as the failure attempts to transfer the National Cattle Market and the urban highways plan, which brought a series of demolitions in an area that would be protected as urban and architectural heritage after a short period of time. These interventions, represent certain fissures or disputes which contradict the image of the military dictatorship policies as univocal. The paper identifies the various state agencies that produce these interventions, the different perspectives and logics of intervention and the incongruous effects on the territory. Based on these analyses two issues will be discussed: the image of the military dictatorship as univocal, without internal fissures nor disputes, and the idea of an omnipotent dictatorial government, without stakeholders with capacity to oppose its different initiatives.

Religious and political discourse in Argentina: the case of reconciliation

by Juan Eduardo Bonnin

Discourse and Society, 20 (3), 327-343, 2009.

This article analyzes the nominalization 'reconciliation' as a grammar metaphor that allows for the understanding of... more This article analyzes the nominalization 'reconciliation' as a grammar metaphor that allows for the understanding of the historical relationships between religious and political discourse in Argentina. In order to do this, we will analyze the case of the publication of the Final Document of the Military Junta on the Fight against Terrorism and Subversion, in 1983, and its subsequent interpretations made by political and religious actors in terms of its adequacy or inadequacy to the Catholic proposal of reconciliation, which would later become a legal argument in the penal trials sustained against human rights violators. We will observe two relevant features: (a) a struggle about the experiential meaning concealed by the nominalization that legitimates or, on the contrary, de-legitimates the repressive action of the Military Junta; (b) an implicit consensus that attributes to Catholic discourse the power to dictate the rules of political life, which has severely restrained the autonomy of political democratic actors.

The Stalin Cult between Center and Periphery: Structures of the Cult Community in the Empire of Socialism, 1949-1956 – the Case of GDR, in: Ennker B., Hein-Kircher H. (ed.), Der Führer im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts, Marburg: Herder-Institut, 2010, pp.297-321.

by Alexey Tikhomirov

Symbols of Power in Rituals of Violence: The Personality Cult and Iconoclasm on the Soviet Empire’s Periphery (East Germany, 1945–61)

by Alexey Tikhomirov

published in: Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, Volume 13, Number 1, Winter 2012, pp. 47-88.

“Politische Führung in der Diktatur“ Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 2-3/ 2010 (11 January 2010) 40-46.

by Jan C. Behrends

'If There's No Justice…': Trauma and identity in post-dictatorship Argentina

by Diego Benegas Loyo

Díaz-Andreu, M. 2011. La historia de la Prehistoria andaluza durante el periodo franquista (1939-1975). In VVAA (ed.) Memorial Luis Siret. I Congreso de Prehistoria de Andalucía. Sevilla, Junta de Andalucía: 39-72.

by Marga Díaz-Andreu

1. Resumen
2. La Prehistoria andaluza bajo el dominio de la Comisaría General de Excavaciones Arqueológicas (1939-1955)
2.1. La Comisaría General de Excavaciones Arqueológicas: la organización franquista de la Arqueología de campo
2.2. Los Comisarios Provinciales y Locales de Andalucía
2.3. Los trabajos de excavación realizados con subvención de la Comisaría General de Excavaciones Arqueológicas
2.3.1. ALMERÍA
2.3.2. CÁDIZ
2.3.3. CÓRDOBA
2.3.4. GRANADA
2.3.5. HUELVA Y JAÉN
2.3.6. MÁLAGA
2.3.7. SEVILLA
2.4. Congresos, campamentos y cursos organizados en Andalucía entre 1939 y 1955
2.5. El final de la CGEA
3. Un esbozo de la Arqueología prehistórica en Andalucía en las dos últimas décadas del Franquismo
3.1. El Servicio Nacional de Excavaciones Arqueológicas
3.2. Universidades
3.3. Museos y sociedades
3.4. Actuaciones de profesionales de fuera de Andalucía
4. Conclusiones
Referencias.

Resumen - Este trabajo reflexionará sobre la historia de la Prehistoria andaluza en el franquismo, subdividiendo la... more Resumen - Este trabajo reflexionará sobre la historia de la Prehistoria andaluza en el franquismo, subdividiendo la discusión sobre la misma en dos etapas principales, la primera entre 1939 y 1955, en la que se detallará la labor de la Comisaría General de Excavaciones Arqueológicas (CGEA) en Andalucía, y la segunda entre 1955 y 1975, en la que dará un repaso a lo ocurrido en las dos décadas del franquismo. La diferente naturaleza de las fuentes de información ha llevado a que el análisis de la primera sea más extenso y detallado, puesto que existen datos de archivo que enriquecen en gran manera la visión que podemos ofrecer de esta época en complemento a lo impreso en artículos y libros. En cuanto al segundo periodo en el que falta una recogida exhaustiva de los datos existentes en archivos, las particularidades escogidas representando estos años provienen principalmente de publicaciones

"Debemos condenar y condenamos" Justicia militar y represión en España (1936-1948)

by Jorge Marco

en: ARÓSTEGUI, Julio (coord.): Franco: la represión como sistema, Barcelona, Flor del Viento, 2012

Asylum Seekers / Patron Seekers: Interpreting Iraqi Kurdish Migration

by Diane E. King

King, Diane E. 2005 Asylum Seekers / Patron Seekers: Interpreting Iraqi Kurdish Migration. Human Organization  64(4):316-326.

This article examines the phenomenon of Iraqi Kurdish out-migration to the West between 1991 and 2003. It argues that... more This article examines the phenomenon of Iraqi Kurdish out-migration to the West between 1991 and 2003. It argues that migrants looked to the West and Westerners as potential patrons and were incited to migrate by their conceptualizations of patronage and clientage roles. Iraqi Kurdish migrants to the West constituted one of the largest flows of asylum-seeking clandestine migrants in the world by the late 1990s. European governments first accepted their asylum claims as “legitimate,” but later accused the migrants of being a “problem” and ceased granting asylum to most applicants. This article demonstrates how participants in the Iraqi Kurdish body politic posture themselves as clients and formulate the ideal roles of patrons in the migration process based on prior experience as clients of the state, tribal leaders, and other figures. Patronage and clientage roles provide both an interpretive frame and a motivator for the act of migrating.

Utopian Architectures and the dictatorship of the imaginary

by Salvatore Iaconesi

presented at the Always Already New conference in Milan ( http://www.m-node.org/mnode_alwaysalreadynew_abstracts.html ) together with Stefano Bonifazi

The paper describes a multi-author research path emerged in-between the general discussion taking place on the AHA... more The paper describes a multi-author research path emerged in-between the general discussion taking place on the AHA mailing-list, and later formally detailed. The focal node of the dialogue is an "architectural" vision of the strategies of conflict and critique. Analisys is multidirectional and multidisciplinary. Starting from the idea of the clash among languages and codes that is embodied in education practices and in the strategies for production and dissemination of imaginaries, it continues by describing the cultural and education strategies that contribute in defining the "design" (and the role of the "designer") as a tool for authority, operating between linited visions, utopias and desire. The discussion, sythesized and formalized in the text, ends by suggesting possible scenarios for the education practices that better seem to embody the more effective reaction and critique models, also describing nomadic and recombinant scenarios narrated under the form of an evolution of the "conference". The work is "open/emergent", and it will be implemented as a multiple-voice digital platform right after the conference, using an innovative visualization system creating a parallel between the visions of architectural design and information architectural design. The platform will be used during the presentation, and it will be released with a GPL2 license.

Cheliotis, L. K. and S. Xenakis (2011) ‘Crime, Fear of Crime and Punitiveness’, in L. K. Cheliotis and S. Xenakis (eds) Crime and Punishment in Contemporary Greece: International Comparative Perspectives, pp. 1-43. Bern: Peter Lang AG. (With a response by Jonathan Jackson, Monica Gerber and Carolyn Côté-Lussier, pp. 45-64).

by Leonidas Cheliotis

Over the last the three decades, punitiveness on the part of the state in Greece in the field of law and order has... more Over the last the three decades, punitiveness on the part of the state in Greece in the field of law and order has been on the ascent. The most obvious indicator of this has been the steeply rising use of imprisonment. A striking accompaniment of state punitiveness has been punitive public opinion. As soon as one broaches the question of why this is the case, however, one is confronted with at least two puzzling findings. First, the prevalence of crime has only risen modestly, in sharp disproportion to the high recorded levels of fear of criminal victimisation, of distrust in the police and judicial authorities, and of public punitiveness. And second, fear of criminal victimisation itself does not axiomatically bear a positive correlation with expressed public support for state punitiveness, though it does predict lack of confidence in criminal justice authorities. This chapter sets out to review these contradictions and the limits of available explanations. We begin by outlining the different ways in which Greece’s authoritarian past and the dictatorship of 1967-1974 in particular are thought to have influenced state and public punitiveness in the years that have followed. The next section summarises scholarly and commercial research on the levels and patterns of fear of crime and public punitiveness in contemporary Greece, as both distinct and interrelated themes. Attention is then drawn to the disconnect between crime and imprisonment rates as an illustrative example of the irrational foundations of state punitiveness and its degree of public support; a disconnect that is all the more prominent when examined with reference to the nationality of prisoners. Taking inspiration from political economies of punishment in jurisdictions elsewhere, the remainder of the chapter points to state deployment of a law-and-order discourse and the use of punishment as symbolic devices by which social insecurities, generated in large part by the state itself, are displaced and discharged onto suitably weak subsections of the population.

A slacker and delinquent in basquetball shoes

by Raquel (Lucas) Platero

Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation, edited by Kate Bornstein and S. Bear Bergman

Traduction Mark Osiel, « Dialogue avec les dictateurs: la résistance judiciaire en Argentine et au Brésil »

by David Samson

« Dialogue avec les dictateurs: la résistance judiciaire en Argentine et au Brésil »

Traduction commentée d'un extrait de Mark J. Osiel


« Dialogue with Dictators: Judicial Resistance in Argentina and Brazil »

Publié in Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 20, n°2 (spring 1995), p.481-560 (traduction de p.542-560)

Después de la tormenta: Arqueología de la represión en América Latina

by melisa salerno

Zarankin, A. y M. Salerno. 2008. "Después de la tormenta: Arqueología de la represión en América Latina". Complutum 19(2): 21-32. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid (España).

("After the storm: Archaeology of repression in Latin America")

En este trabajo ofrecemos un panorama general sobre los estudios en “arqueología de la represión” (sensu Funari y... more En este trabajo ofrecemos un panorama general sobre los estudios en “arqueología de la represión” (sensu Funari y Zarankin 2006), centrándonos en el caso de América Latina. Nos referimos a las investigaciones que discuten las prácticas represivas de las dictaduras de la región durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970.

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In this article we offer an overview of the studies in “archaeology of repression” (sensu Funari and Zarankin 2006), especially focusing on the case of Latin America. We particularly refer to different investigations interested in discussing the repressive
actions of dictatorial governments during the 1960s and 1970s.

CODATO, Adriano. O Sacerdote e o Feiticeiro: uma análise da história política e militar do Brasil pós-64.

by Adriano Codato

published in João Roberto Martins Filho. (Org.). O golpe de 1964 e o regime militar: novas perspectivas. São Carlos: EdUFSCar, 2006.

Alguns livros sobre o “regime militar” (1964-1985) alcançaram um notável sucesso editorial. Figuraram na lista de best... more Alguns livros sobre o “regime militar” (1964-1985) alcançaram um notável sucesso editorial. Figuraram na lista de best sellers e tornaram-se assunto de rodas acadêmicas, mas principalmente não-acadêmicas. Pautaram não somente o debate, mas principalmente a interpretação sobre a política brasileira contemporânea. Exagerando, era como se a cada novo lançamento uma parte da verdade histórica – ou a verdade sobre uma determinado governo – fosse enfim descoberta e revelada.

Las Guerras de Independencia en las cinematografías de Cuba y España: Una visión transatlántica

by Santiago Juan-Navarro

Published in Solaluna Académica (Arizona State University) 1 (2010)

La Guerra hispano-cubano-americana tuvo una gran importancia desde el punto de vista político para las tres naciones... more La Guerra hispano-cubano-americana tuvo una gran importancia desde el punto de vista político para las tres naciones beligerantes. Para España representa el fin de su imperio y el comienzo de un debate sobre su identidad. Para Cuba significó el fin de una etapa colonial y el comienzo de otra, bajo el control de la nueva potencia hegemónica. Para los EE.UU. sirvió como ensayo de su política expansionista, que tuvo sus momentos más agresivos a partir del 98.

Tanto el cine español como el cubano han tratado este acontecimiento histórico desde posturas nacionalistas, a menudo tendenciosas, y casi siempre de forma muy superficial. En la ponencia se explora el poder legitimador de las imágenes cinematográficas de este acontecimiento en distintas etapas de la historia política de Cuba y España, así como su papel en la construcción de una teleología de la nación.

En el caso español la Guerra de Cuba ha dado lugar a visiones diametralmente opuestas del conflicto. Si durante la dictadura franquista el 98 representaba la traición de la clase política al estamento militar, una afrenta que algunos creyeron ver “reparada” con el alzamiento militar de 1936, a finales del milenio han dominado las versiones revisionistas que, aunque critican el ya agonizante colonialismo español, denuncian a su vez las primeras manifestaciones del imperialismo norteamericano, dentro de un esquema transnacional de coproducciones en las que prima el capital económico e ideológico de la antigua metrópoli.

Por lo que se refiere al cine cubano, las guerras de independencia del siglo XIX tuvieron una importancia crucial en la creación de una hermenéutica oficial de la historia de Cuba. Si las luchas por la emancipación de la antigua colonia española son el trasfondo de algunas de las primeras producciones cubanas, tales luchas adquieren un papel central durante las celebraciones del primer centenario de la insurrección en 1968. Esto habría de dar lugar a numerosos filmes históricos que interpretan el pasado desde la perspectiva de la Cuba socialista y en los que se recurre a las Guerras de Independencia para consolidar el imaginario mítico de la Revolución.

Memorial functions: Intent, impact and the right to remember

by Dacia Viejo Rose

Memory Studies, October 2011 vol. 4 no. 4, pp. 465-480

Studying memorial practice offers a revealing vantage point into changes in attitudes towards the past and with... more Studying memorial practice offers a revealing vantage point into changes in attitudes towards the past and with observers referring to ‘memorial mania’ it is an opportune moment to do so. Two main lines of questioning regarding contemporary memorial practices are addressed here. The first looks at memorial functions and intentions. The second examines some of their social and political impacts. The final part of the article analyses some of the consequences of these impacts for citizenship: notions of victimhood and silencing. The main case study is the evolution of memorial practice in Spain since the Civil War (1936–39) this is set off against examples from other places. The conclusion that emerges is that predominant memorial practices are far more despotic than democratic in their injunction to recall a specific narrative of events and trying to steer a paradigm shift towards democratic memorial practices raises questions about civic rights and duties towards the past.

Espacios de confrontación y desaparición en Tucumán, Argentina

by Pamela Colombo

"Dear Adolf!": Locating Love in Nazi Germany

by Alexander CT Geppert

In: Luisa Passerini, Liliana Ellena and Alexander C.T. Geppert (eds.): New Dangerous Liaisons: Discourses on Europe and Love in the Twentieth Century, Oxford/New York: Berghahn, 2010, 158-77.

http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title.php?rowtag=PasseriniNew

The Constitution of Society: Pinochet, Postdictatorship and the Multitude

by Jon Beasley-Murray

Radical Philosophy 105 (January/Feburary 2001): 15-24.