Democratic Socialism

The French Election and the Democratic Left

by Luke Martell

Shorter version published on New Left Project: http://www.newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/the_french_elections_and_the_democratic_left

The French election raises important lessons about the future of socialism and for the democratic left The French election raises important lessons about the future of socialism and for the democratic left

Prove di vincolo esterno. La Repubblica Federale Tedesca e il "compromesso storico" come problema internazionale

by Giovanni Bernardini

F. Perfetti, A. Ungari, D. Caviglia, D. De Luca (a cura di), "Aldo Moro nell'Italia contemporanea", Firenze, Le Lettere, 2011

Charge of the Right Brigade

by dave hill

Indonesia: Negeri yang Besar Kelamin daripada Kemaluan

by Olav Iban

Tidak Diterbitkan.

Tetapi, akankah ada masyarakat yang sedemikiannya jika 99% kekayaan alam mereka dikuasai orang asing, sementara 1%-nya... more Tetapi, akankah ada masyarakat yang sedemikiannya jika 99% kekayaan alam mereka dikuasai orang asing, sementara 1%-nya dimiliki pemerintah yang mempunyai utang hampir Rp 1.800 triliyun. Akankah ada kedaulatan rakyat jika majority rules disebut-sebut sebagai alat demokrasi. Adakah kemerdekaan di negeri oligarkis yang terkesan despotis. Mungkinkah kesejahteraan bersama itu ada jika istilah pluralisme saja tidak pernah masuk ke dalam kategori inteligibilitas masyarakatnya. Maka mulai dari sinilah posisi demokrasi di negeri kita, Indonesia, perlu dipertanyakan ulang.

The German SPD and the rising star of Bettino Craxi

by Giovanni Bernardini

M. Gehler, M. Guiotto (eds.), "Italien, Österreich und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Europa - Italy, Austria and the Federal Republic of Germany in Europe", Bölau Verlag, Vienna, 2012

Un'Europa a misura d'uomo: Primavera di Praga e Ostpolitik

by Giovanni Bernardini

in F. Leoncini (ed.), "L'Europa del disincanto. Dal '68 praghese alla crisi del neoliberismo", Rubbettino, 2011

Il saggio vuole proporre alcune corrispondenze ideali tra la fase di elaborazione della "nuova politica... more Il saggio vuole proporre alcune corrispondenze ideali tra la fase di elaborazione della "nuova politica orientale" tedesca (o Ostpolitik) e il corso riformista cecoslovacco comunemente indicato come Primavera di Praga. Parimenti saranno evidenziate le lezioni che la dirigenza socialdemocratica tedesca seppe trarre dalla brutale soppressione del movimento cecoslovacco, e che influenzarono in modo non trascurabile il futuro corso della Ostpolitik, intrapreso sin dall'ascesa di Willy Brandt alla Cancelleria nell'ottobre del 1969.

‘Unser Freund Craxi’: la socialdemocrazia tedesca ed i mutamenti del sistema politico italiano, 1974-1978

by Giovanni Bernardini

in Annali della Fondazione Ugo La Malfa, Rome: F.U.L.M., 2006, pp. 151-180, ISSN 1826-8854

'Unser Freund Craxi': German Social Democracy and the Changes of the Italian Political System, 1974-1978 'Unser Freund Craxi': German Social Democracy and the Changes of the Italian Political System, 1974-1978

La Spd e il socialismo democratico europeo negli anni Settanta: il caso dell’Italia

by Giovanni Bernardini

published in "Ricerche di Storia Politica", Il Mulino, 1/2010

After the end of the World War II, the SPD undertook a deep transformation, evolving from a «workers part» to a... more After the end of the World War II, the SPD undertook a deep transformation, evolving from a «workers part» to a «citizens party», which aimed at building a «Western» form of democratic socialism. This process culminated in the Congress of Bad Godesberg, when the SPD formally abandoned its Marxist tradition. The consequences were twofold. On the one hand, the Spd represented itself as a responsible political force that could credibly enter the government. On the other, the Spd began to pressure and encourage other European Social Democratic forces to follow the «German model», and marginalize the Communist parties operating in their domestic political systems. This was the case of 1970s’ Italy, where the Spd played a substantial role in influencing the Psi’s transition, particularly after the election of Bettino Craxi as General Secretary.

Stability and Socialist Autonomy: the SPD and the Italian Political Crisis of the 1970s

by Giovanni Bernardini

in Journal of European Integration History, Baden Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, n. 29, July 2009, pp. 95-114, ISSN 0947-9511

The present essay aims to investigate the influence that the German Social Democracy (SPD) exerted over the... more The present essay aims to investigate the influence that the German Social Democracy (SPD) exerted over the development of the Italian political system during the 1970s. Although recognizing the promising evolution that the Italian Communist Party (PCI) had undertaken under the leadership of Enrico Berlinguer, the SPD esteemed its participation to the government as especially dangerous for international reasons. The legitimization of “Western communism” would have raised the prospect of an international “frontist” cooperation between socialist and communist forces, thus jeopardizing the “autonomist” course that the SPD strove to spread through the whole Western European socialist movement. The appointment of Bettino Craxi as secretary of the PSI (Italian Socialist Party) in
1976 offered to the SPD the opportunity to cooperate in “Europeanising” the profile of the Italian socialism, questioning at the same time the democratic credentials of the PCI and challenging its “cultural hegemony” over the Italian left. The ultimate return of the PSI to a coalition of government with the moderate Christian Democracy (DC) was estimated in Bonn as the direct result of the renewed cooperation between German and Italian socialists.