Criminal Law Criminal Procedure Law

Les Albigeois et la procédure inquisitoire : le procès pontifical contre Bernard de Castanet, évêque d'Albi et inquisiteur (1307-1308)

by Julien Théry

Paru dans "Heresis", 33, 2000, p. 7-48

En 1307-1308, le pape Clément V fit mener une enquête sur les crimes imputés à l’évêque d’Albi Bernard de Castanet par... more En 1307-1308, le pape Clément V fit mener une enquête sur les crimes imputés à l’évêque d’Albi Bernard de Castanet par deux chanoines de la cathédrale, qui avaient présenté contre ce dernier, à la Curie romaine, une liste d’accusations. Le prélat était accusé négligence pastorale, de simonie, de dilapidation, d’irrégularités et cruautés systématiques dans l’exercice de la justice, d’assassinats, enfin d’incontinence. Peu après l’audition par les enquê­teurs pontificaux, à Albi, de cent quatorze témoins produits par les dénonciateurs, le pape annula la procédure. Mais trois jours plus tard, il désavoua l'évêque en le transférant du siège d’Albi à celui, bien moins prestigieux, du Puy.
L’étude de cette affaire, à partir d’une édition critique des actes de l’enquête d’Albi (conservés dans le registre 404 des Collectoriae aux Archives du Vatican), replace la démarche des dénonciateurs dans l’histoire conflictuelle de l’épiscopat de Bernard de Castanet (1276-1308) et démontre la continuité entre la volonté des témoins d’accréditer les crimes de ce dernier, d’une part, et, d’autre part, la lutte de l’oli­garchie urbaine contre la juridiction seigneuriale de l'évêque, mais aussi le mouvement anti-inquisitorial dirigé par frère Bernard Délicieux dans les années 1299-1306. Durement combattue par l'évêque, l’hérésie des bons hommes s’avère en effet être au cœur de l’affaire, bien qu’elle soit passée sous silence par les dénonciateurs. L’analyse met en valeur la nature informelle et les fondements sociaux et théologico-politiques de la dissidence religieuse. Par ailleurs, en replaçant la procédure dans la série des processus inquisitionis pour « crimes énormes » (enormia) menées par les papes contre les prélats depuis le début du XIIIe siècle et en l’étudiant en termes juridiques, l’étude de ce casus montre le rôle de l’enquête, comme instrument du gouvernement d’État, dans la construction d’une opinion publique (fama), ainsi que dans la différenciation d’une sphère administrative, à partir de la matrice judiciaire, à la fin du Moyen Âge.


Fama, Enormia. The inquiry into the crimes of bishop of Albi Bernard de Castanet (1307-1308). Government and contestation in the age of pontifical theocracy and of the heresy of good men.

In 1307-1308, pope Clement V had an inquiry made into a series of crimes attributed to bishop of Albi Bernard de Castanet by two canons of the cathedral, who had presented at the roman Curia a list of accusations against their spiritual ruler. The bishop was accused of pastoral negligence, of simony, of dilapidation, of irregularities and systematic cruelty in the practice of justice, of murders and of incontinence. Soon after the hearing by pontifical commissioners of a hundred and fourteen witnesses presented by the denouncers, the pope called off the procedure. But three days later, he implicitly penalized the bishop, removing him from the see of Albi to that of Le Puy, which was much less prestigious.
The study of this case develops from the critical edition of the records of the inquiry at Albi, which are held at the Vatican Archives (register 404 of the Collectoriae). The initiative of the denouncers is examined in the perspective of the conflictual history of Bernard de Castanet’s episcopate (1276-1308). A continuity is shown between the witnesses’ will to have the bishop’s guilt admitted, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the struggle of the urban élite against the bishop’s lordly jurisdiction, but also the anti-inquisitorial movement lead by brother Bernard Délicieux in 1299-1306. The heresy of the good men, which was vigorously fought by the bishop, proves to be at the heart of the matter, though the denouncer didn’t mention it at all. The analysis show the informal consistency and the social and theologico-political grounds of religious dissent. Besides, by replacing the procedure in the series of processus inquisitionis dealing with « enormous crimes » (enormia) launched by popes against prelates since the beginning of the XIIIth century and by examining it from a juridical point of view, the study of this casus shows the role played by inquiry, as a tool of State government, in the construction of a public opinion (fama), and in the differentiation of an administrative sphere from the judiciary matrix, in the end of the Middle Ages.

European Arrest Warrant - About the refusal of the delivery of the foreigner

by Costantino Grasso

published in "diritto penale contemporaneo" (29 february 2012) www.penalecontemporaneo.it/

The paper focuses on the provision contained in the article 18, 1(r) of the law 69/2005 where it’s stated that the... more The paper focuses on the provision contained in the article 18, 1(r) of the law 69/2005 where it’s stated that the Court of Appeal rejects the surrender of the requested person if the European arrest warrant has been issued for the purposes of execution of a custodial sentence or detention order, where the requested person is staying in, or is a national or a resident of the executing Member State and that State undertakes to execute the sentence or detention order in accordance with its domestic law. In the commented decision, the Court of Appeal of Napoli refused to execute the European arrest warrant considering the connection between the foreigner and the Italian territory. This connection was demonstrated taking into consideration the working relationships and the family ties of the foreigner.

Civilizing Batson

by Nancy Leong

97 Iowa Law Review ____ (forthcoming 2012)

In the twenty-five years since Batson v. Kentucky, courts have gradually narrowed its holding and limited its... more In the twenty-five years since Batson v. Kentucky, courts have gradually narrowed its holding and limited its application. Subsequent decisions have diminished the utility of Batson as a means of challenging racially discriminatory peremptory strikes. This Article examines why the doctrine has evolved this way. Elsewhere I have explored the influence of contextual variables — the available remedy, the facts that courts encounter, and the procedural posture in which rights-making occurs — on the ultimate scope of the substantive right that courts articulate. Batson provides a particularly rich opportunity to consider these variables because peremptory challenges are adjudicated in a highly idiosyncratic context: criminal defendants, usually on appeal post-conviction, seek the strong medicine of reversal for an injury to someone else’s Equal Protection rights that may not even have affected the verdict.

The idiosyncrasies of the context in which Batson is litigated lend themselves to an intriguing inquiry: How might Batson doctrine have evolved differently if peremptory challenges were also adjudicated by the jurors who had been struck? I conclude that — were courts to adjudicate peremptory challenges both in the context of claims by criminal defendants seeking reversal and in the context of claims by struck jurors seeking money damages or declaratory relief — the shape of the doctrine would provide a more accurate appraisal of the harms flowing from the use of race in peremptory challenges and a more robust mechanism for addressing those harms.

Savunma Adli Tıp Akademisi (TBB ATA)

by S.Sinan Kocaoglu

KOCAOĞLU S. Sinan- HANCI Hamit, "Adli Tıp ve Ceza Hukuku: Prof. Dr. Hamit HANCI'ya Armağan", Seçkin Yayınları, Proje Yöneticisi: Prof. D.r Kayıhan İÇEL, Editör: Prof. Dr. Yener ÜNVER, Ankara, 2011, s. 14-25.

Silahların eşitliğinisağlayabilmek için savunmanın elinde de bir Adli Tıp Kurumu ya da Kriminoloji Enstitüsü'nün... more Silahların eşitliğinisağlayabilmek için savunmanın elinde de bir Adli Tıp Kurumu ya da Kriminoloji Enstitüsü'nün olması gerekir. Bu araştırmanın ceza muhakemesine yönelik bölümleri Yrd. Doç. Dr. S. Sinan KOCAOĞLU, Adli Tıp ile ilgili kısımları ise Prof. Dr. Hamit HANCI tararfından yazılmıştır. Dileriz Türkiye Barolar Birliği asıl vazifesi olan savunmanın bağımsızlığı ilkesini gerçekleştirmek için bu kurumu ivedi bir şekilde kurar.

Реалізація принципу пропорційності при використанні запобіжних заходів

by Bronislav Totskyi

Опубліковано: Правові реформи в Україні: проблеми реалізації: Міжнародна науково-практична конференція, м. Київ, 16-17 лютого 2011 року. – Київ: у 4-х томах. – К. Центр правових наукових досліджень, 2011. – т. 4. – сс.33 – 36

On the Purposes of Legality and its Applicability to International Law

by William Worster

Book Review: Kenneth S. Gallant, The Principle of Legality in International and Comparative Criminal Law (Cambridge:... more Book Review: Kenneth S. Gallant, The Principle of Legality in International and Comparative Criminal Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 632 pp. £64.00 (Hardback) ISBN 978-0-52-188648-2

"Excès" des prélats et gouvernement de l'Église au temps de la monarchie pontificale (vers 1150-vers 1350) : "dilapidation", "simonie", "incontinence", "dissolution"

by Julien Théry

Paru dans "Annuaire de l'EHESS. Compte rendus des cours et des conférences 2010-2011", Paris : EHESS, 2012

Présentation rapide des accusations avancées dans les procédures criminelles de la papauté contre les membres de la... more Présentation rapide des accusations avancées dans les procédures criminelles de la papauté contre les membres de la haute hiérarchie ecclésiastique. Ces affaires devinrent fréquentes à partir du pontificat d'Innocent III (1198-1216), au cours duquel fut achevée pour l'essentiel la mise au point d'un "mode inquisitoire" dont la genèse s'était accélérée au temps d'Alexandre III (1159-1181). Pour désigner les fautes reprochées aux chefs d'églises, les papes utilisaient trois mots à peu près interchangeables : "excessus", "crimen", "enormitas". Le premier était le plus usité. L'analyse d'environ 400 procédures recensées pour la période 1198-1314 montre que la "dilapidation" était le reproche le plus courant, la simonie et l'incontinence étant aussi des "excès" très fréquemment invoqués. Des dynamiques d'accumulation des griefs sont identifiées, parmi lesquelles l'association structurelle entre gouvernement de soi et gouvernement des autres. En l'absence d'un régime administratif des relations entre la papauté et les membres de la hiérarchie, les procédures criminelles visaient à faire peser toute la "plénitude de puissance" du vicaire du Christ sur ceux que la Curie tenait désormais pour les agents de son gouvernement centralisé.

Justice inquisitoire et construction de la souveraineté : le modèle ecclésial (XIIe-XIVe siècles). Normes, pratiques, diffusion

by Julien Théry

Paru dans "Annuaire de l'EHESS. Compte rendus des cours et conférences 2004-2005, Paris : EHESS, 2006, p. 593-594

Présentation dans ses grandes lignes d'une recherche orientée selon trois hypothèses : les pratiques d'enquête de... more Présentation dans ses grandes lignes d'une recherche orientée selon trois hypothèses : les pratiques d'enquête de vérité ont été au fondement d'un régime de relations de pouvoir original caractérisable comme une première forme de gouvernementalité souveraine ; le modèle ecclésial et sa procédure " romano-canonique " ont eu un rôle central pour la mise en place de ce nouveau régime ; l'enquête de vérité était constitutive de deux registres inhérents à cette gouvernementalité souveraine, celui de la "fama" et celui des "enormia". L'étude porte sur une longue série de procès menés par la papauté des XIIe-XIVe s., contre des prélats accusés d'" excès " ou " crimes " souvent dits " énormes ". Ces enquêtes ont constitué un domaine d'expérimentation, un laboratoire de l'inquisitoire canonique. La réflexion concerne ici principalement sur le rôle de la "fama", qui permettait la capillarité et la centralisation des relations de pouvoir organisées par l'enquête, tout en instaurant une problématique de vérité au cœur de ces relations. La "fama"donnait aux faits concernés un statut de vérité incertaine, à vérifier par l'enquête que seules pouvaient mener les autorités compétentes, c'est-à-dire les institutions souveraines

ANKARA BAROSU ÖLÇEĞİNDE 5271 SAYILI CEZA MUHAKEMESİ KANUNU'NUN BARODAN MÜDAFİ GÖREVLENDİRİLMESİ SİSTEMİNİ ELE ALAN İSTATİSTİKSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA VE DEĞERLENDİRME

by S.Sinan Kocaoglu

Türkiye'nin en büyük ikinci barosu üyelerine dair CMK görevlendirmeleri ile ilgili istatistik ve değerlendirme... Türkiye'nin en büyük ikinci barosu üyelerine dair CMK görevlendirmeleri ile ilgili istatistik ve değerlendirme...

Devlet Sistemlerine Göre Savunma Hakkı ve Müdafi

by S.Sinan Kocaoglu

Savunma hakkının icrası ve müdafiin ceza muhakemesinin diğer süjeleri arasındaki konumu bir devletin rejiminin yapısı... more Savunma hakkının icrası ve müdafiin ceza muhakemesinin diğer süjeleri arasındaki konumu bir devletin rejiminin yapısı hakkındaki en önemli göstergelerden birisidir. Elinizdeki bu çalışma bahsi geçen iki konuyu liberal demokrat, otoriter, totaliter devlet yapılarının merceğinden incelemektedir.

Jurisdictional Arrangements and International Criminal Procedure

by Dustin A. Lewis

Co-authored with Sarah. M. H. Nowen, INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Göran Sluiter, ed., Oxford University Press, Forthcoming
University of Cambridge Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 50/2011

As preparation for a chapter in a book on international criminal procedural law, this working paper analyses the... more As preparation for a chapter in a book on international criminal procedural law, this working paper analyses the jurisdictional arrangements between international criminal tribunals and domestic courts.

Since ‘exclusive’, ‘concurrent’, ‘primary’ and ‘complementary’ jurisdiction do not exist in the abstract, it reviews the relevant provisions and the case law of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the International Criminal Court and the so-called ‘mixed tribunals’. On the basis of this analysis the conclusion suggests some hypotheses on the potential of various jurisdictional arrangements to serve as a conduit for channelling rules of criminal procedure to national jurisdictions. They could do so by providing circumstances in which the international tribunal may compel a state to defer to its jurisdiction, may exercise its jurisdiction and may refer proceedings to national jurisdictions that depend on particular features of the domestic justice system.

BİR KANUN YOLU OLARAK İSTİNAF / ON APPEAL

by Faruk Turinay

Güncel Hukuk Dergisi'nin Mayıs 2011 sayısında yayınlandı.
Published by "Güncel Hukuk Law Review" in May 2011

Türk hukuk sisteminde mahkeme tarafından verilen bir karara karşı birtakım kanuni başvuru yolları öngörülmüştür.... more Türk hukuk sisteminde mahkeme tarafından verilen bir karara karşı birtakım kanuni başvuru yolları öngörülmüştür. Yargılamanın yenilenmesi, temyiz, istinaf birer kanun yoludur. Bu tür başvuru imkânlarının yasama organınca çıkarılan kanunlarla tanınması, kanaatimce, ‘kanun yolu’ teriminin hukuki literatüre kazandırılmasında önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu yazımda, öncelikle kanun yolu ve kavramlarını ele aldıktan sonra, bir kanun yolu olarak istinaf kurumunun hukuk düzeninde işgal ettiği/edebileceği yeri değerlendireceğim.

Bir Duruşmanın Anatomisi / The Anatomy of A Trial

by Faruk Turinay

Güncel Hukuk Dergisi'nin Ekim 2008 sayısında yayınlandı.
Published by "Güncel Hukuk Review" in October 2008

Mahkeme heyetinin ve savcının konumlandığı, avukatların ve izleyicilerin bulunduğu yerden neredeyse bir metre yüksekte... more Mahkeme heyetinin ve savcının konumlandığı, avukatların ve izleyicilerin bulunduğu yerden neredeyse bir metre yüksekte bir platform… Arkada altın yaldızlı “Adalet Mülkün Temelidir” levhası ile Atatürk rölyefi yer alıyor. İlginç bir tesadüf, hâkimlerin üçü de bayan. Başka bir deyişle hükmü ‘hâkime hanım’lar verecek. Savunma ve iddia makamlarında bilgisayarlı otomasyonun varlığı sezilmekte. Başkan’ın alt kısmında bayan bir kâtip var, önünde günün dava dosyaları. Büyük sayılabilecek bir Türk bayrağı, savcının arkasında. İzleyicilerin oturduğu sıralar, sanık(lar)ın sandalyeleri, yüksekteki platform; tamamı koyu kahverengi. Bazı kısımlarında yeşil şeritler bulunuyor. Yeşil forslu kapılar savcı ve yargıçların odalarına açılmakta. Ferah, üç büyük, krem renkli pencere içeriyi aydınlatıyor, ışıklandırmanın yeterli olduğunu söyleyebilirim. Çalımlı mübaşir ve göze çarpıcı kırmızı apoletli üniforması değinmek istediğim diğer kaydadeğer ayrıntılar… 

(Ill-Legal) Lust is a Battle Field: HIV Risk, Socio-Sexuality and Criminality

by Annette Houlihan

'W(h)ither Human Rights?' Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Law and Society Association of Australia and New Zealand

"Constructive Knowledge, Probable Cause, and Administrative Decisionmaking"

by Simon Stern

82 Notre Dame Law Rev. 1085 (2007)

This article examines the emergence, over the last two decades, of a doctrine that bases probable cause on the... more This article examines the emergence, over the last two decades, of a doctrine that bases probable cause on the unshared knowledge of different law enforcement agents working together on an investigation. Thus if an officer conducts a search or arrest without probable cause, the action may be validated by looking to the other officers' knowledge. So far the rule has been confused with the "collective knowledge" rule and has traveled under that name. The article argues that the new rule (here called the "constructive knowledge" rule) depends on constructive belief and may establish constructive, not actual, probable cause. While the rule might seem to be justifiable on the ground that the officers would have pooled their information in any case, research on cognitive bias suggests that an after-the-fact analysis of the officers' knowledge would likely exaggerate any inculpatory evidence while disregarding exculpatory evidence. Fourth Amendment law imposes few formal ex ante requirements on officers, but some de minimis formality is appropriate here, as we may see by looking to the role of collaborative decision-making in administrative law. The article argues that courts should make explicit the rule's "inevitable communication" premise, and should refuse to aggregate the unshared information. Failing that, courts should require the prosecution to show that the officers would have shared their knowledge before leaving the scene. The "constructive knowledge" problem reveals the difficulty of factoring the risk of error into the analysis of probable cause when the requisite quantum of cause remains fixed in all cases. That difficulty, in turn, suggests that the probable-cause calculus may be likened to the Mathews v. Eldridge formula for termination of governmental benefits. This analogy points up other difficulties with the notion of "transsubstantive" probable cause.

"Catastrophic Threats and the Fourth Amendment"

by Simon Stern

Ronald M. Gould & Simon Stern, 77 Southern Cal. Law Rev. 777 (2004)

Richiesta di archiviazione dopo le ulteriori indagini ex art. 409, comma 4, c.p.p. e nuova opposizione inammissibile: il giudice può provvedere de plano

by Rosanna Belfiore

published in Cassazione penale (4) 2011, pp. 1448-1457

The Right to Silence: Principle, Pragmatism and Policy Making (Hardback)

by Hannah Quirk

Identifying Miscarriages of Justice: Why Innocence In the UK is Not the Answer

by Hannah Quirk

The Significance of Culture In Criminal Procedure Reform: Why the Revised Disclosure Scheme Cannot Work

by Hannah Quirk