Regulation of Innate Immunity During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Fredy SR Gutierrez
In: Control of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Infectious Diseases. Springer. Edited by Julio Aliberti
Chagas Heart disease is caused by the infection with T. cruzi. The mechanisms of disease progression remain largely... more
Chagas Heart disease is caused by the infection with T. cruzi. The mechanisms of disease progression remain largely unknown although it has been reported that parasite persistence as well as the intensity of the inflammatory immune response are determinants for the clinical manifestations of the disease.
Through a long co-evolutionary history, both the human immune system and the pathogen have acquired diverse mechanisms to interact, guaranteeing their mutual survival. Even though inflammation is indispensable for host defense and tissue repair, when deregulated or disproportionate, it can contribute to continuous tissue injury, organ dysfunction, and disease. Thus, the immune system has acquired a great complexity in order to maintain the host’s integrity while it is able to arrest the proliferation of pathogens as soon as detected.
This chapter aims to review the regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of the effectors mechanisms of the innate immunity during experimental T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease. It provides a comprehensive revision of the immunologic mechanisms triggered by the interaction of the parasite and the host cells during acute phase of the infection, as well as the possible implications for the design of therapeutic or diagnostic approaches.
Algunos aspectos del control en las organizaciones públicas
Autores: Juan Manuel Cepeda Pérez, Alfonso Vargas Sánchez
Localización: Revista de economía y empresa, ISSN 0213-2834, Vol. 10, Nº 24-25, 1989 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Actas del III Congreso de AEDEM (II)) , págs. 75-90
Recoge los contenidos presentados a: Asociación Europea de Dirección y Economía de Empresa. Congreso Nacional (3. 1989. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)
Trust and Collaboration in the Aftermath of Conflict: The Effects of Contract Structure
Malhotra D. & Lumineau F. 2011. “Trust and Collaboration in the Aftermath of Conflict: The Effects of Contract Structure.” Academy of Management Journal, 54(5): 981-998.
Leveraging a longitudinal dataset concerning 102 inter-firm disputes, we evaluate the effects of contract structure on... more Leveraging a longitudinal dataset concerning 102 inter-firm disputes, we evaluate the effects of contract structure on trust and on the likelihood of continued collaboration. We theoretically refine and empirically extend prior research by (a) distinguishing between control and coordination functions of contracts, (b) separating goodwill-based and competence-based trust, and (c) evaluating the effects of contract structure on relational outcomes in the context of disputes. We find that control provisions increase competence-based trust, but reduce goodwill-based trust, resulting in a net decrease in the likelihood of continued collaboration. Coordination provisions increase competence-based trust, leading to an increased likelihood of continued collaboration.
Abel, D.L., 2011, What utility does order, pattern or complexity prescribe? In The First Gene: The Birth of Programming, Messaging and Formal Control, Abel, D. L., Ed. LongView Press--Academic, Biol. Res. Div.: New York, N.Y., pp 75-116.
How did inanimate physical nature—mass, energy, the four basic forces of physics and their constants—program such non-physical formalisms needed to conceptually organize and compute initial life? What would have been the motive and mechanism for a prebiotic environment’s selection of function over non function?
Can a neural net accomplish sophisticated integrative function with mass (indiscriminate) depolarizations? What selectively steers messages down certain paths of a neural net (or buttons and strings), but not other paths?
What’s the difference between a signal and a message? Do messenger molecules convey meaning? If not, how can meaning be divorced from such exquisite genomic and epigenomic instructions, metabolic integration, structural organization, and biofunction?
Do metabolic pathways manifest any goal or purpose?
Is anything more goal-directed than the holistic metabolism needed to be and stay alive?
Are coin-flips at mere “bifurcation points” synonymous with bona fide “decision nodes,” “logic gates,” and “integrative configurable switch-settings”?
While some might want to sweep these questions under the rug for being too “metaphysical,” they are as foundational to the science of biology as mathematics is to physics. They are the only path to elucidation of gene emergence through natural process. These legitimate queries are the subject matter of the new scientific discipline known as ProtoBioCybernetics—the study of the generation of controls (not mere constraints) and regulation in the very first protocells.
requires programming at bona fide decision nodes.
Abstract: “Order,” “pattern,” “complexity,” “self-organization,” and “emergence” are all terms used extensively in... more Abstract: “Order,” “pattern,” “complexity,” “self-organization,” and “emergence” are all terms used extensively in life-origin literature. Sorely lacking are precise and quantitative definitions of these terms. Vivid imagination of spontaneous creativity ensues from mystical phrases like “the adjacent other” and “emergence at the edge of chaos.” More wish-fulfillment than healthy scientific skepticism prevails when we become enamored with such phrases. Nowhere in peer-reviewed literature is a plausible hypothetical mechanism provided, let alone any repeated empirical observations or prediction fulfillments, of bona fide spontaneous “natural process self-organization.” Supposed examples show only one of two things: 1) spontaneous physicodynamic self-ordering rather than formal organization, or 2) behind-the-scenes investigator involvement in steering experimental results toward the goal of desired results. The very experiments that were supposed to prove spontaneous self-organization only provide more evidence of the need for artificial selection. Patterns are a form of order. Neither order nor combinatorial uncertainty (complexity) demonstrate an ability to compute or produce formal utility. Physical laws describe low-informational physicodynamic self-ordering, not high-informational cybernetic and computational utility.
ETHICS BY DECREE FACING THE FREEDOM OF CHOICE: EXAMINING THE TREATISE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CONTROL
by Ulas Cakar
Cakar, U., Alakavuklar. O.N. (2011) Ethics by decree facing the freedom of choice: Examining the treatise of corporate governance & control.The World of Accounting Science, 13 (4), 241-257.
-Abstract-
As one of the important tools of control mechanism, corporate governance is under examination in this... more
-Abstract-
As one of the important tools of control mechanism, corporate governance is under examination in this study. However, rather than focusing on the organizational imperatives or constraints, lack of the individuality in the governance concept is questioned. Whilst doing this, philosophical and ethical aspects are especially taken into consideration as the freedom of choice of the individual and the ethical potential is defended in opposition to ethics by decree.
Keywords: Corporate Governance, Individuality, Ethics.
-Özet-
Bu çalışma kontrol mekanizmasının önemli araçlarından birisi olan kurumsal yönetişimi incelemektedir. Örgütsel kurallar ve kısıtlara yoğunlaşmak yerine, yönetişim kavramındaki bireysellik eksiği değerlendirilmektedir. Bunu gerçekleştirirken, felsefi ve ahlaki boyutlar özellikle göz önünde bulundurularak, cebri bir ahlak anlayışına karşı bireyin seçim özgürlüğü ve ahlaki potansiyeli savunulmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kurumsal Yönetişim, Bireysellik, Ahlak.
D'un mur à l'autre: la séparation vue par les Israéliens (2002-2010)
« D'un mur à l'autre : la séparation vue par les Israéliens (2002-2010) » Politique étrangère, vol 75, no.4 (hiver), 2010.
The Wall/Barrier built by Israel around the West Bank has not created a territorial separation between Israelis and... more
The Wall/Barrier built by Israel around the West Bank has not created a territorial separation between Israelis and Palestinians. It is not merely unacheived but the dived it intends to organize has been constantly blurred by the parallel deployment of other mechanisms of control (check points, bypass roads, Israeli settlements, etc.). Building on ethnographic investigations, this article studies the conditions that have fostered the internalization of the separation among Isreali citizens between 2002 and 2010.
Le mur construit par Israël autour de la Cisjordanie n’a pas instauré de séparation territoriale entre Israéliens et Palestiniens. Inachevé, son tracé est aussi brouillé par le déploiement d’autres dispositifs de contrôle (check points, routes de contournement, colonies israéliennes, etc.). À
partir d’une étude ethnographique, cet article étudie les conditions qui, dans ce contexte, ont pourtant conduit une grande partie des Israéliens à intérioriser l’idée d’une séparation achevée avec les Palestiniens.
(Dis)locating Control: Transmigration and Precarity
Draft only. Comments welcome!
In this essay, the author takes up the incitement of William Walters to theorizing transmigration through the... more In this essay, the author takes up the incitement of William Walters to theorizing transmigration through the Deleuzian concept of control. The importance of mechanisms of modulation are explored by paying close attention to technologies of migration policing and securitization in the United States, the European Union, Australia, and North Africa. The author argues that these technologies of control resist simple categorization as biopolitics, and instead are more fruitfully considered through the lens of control societies and precarity.
ROBUST FUZZY CONTROLLER DEVELOPMENT FOR A PEM FUEL CELL SYSTEM
Co-authored with Liu.G.P., Williams.J.G., Rees.D.
Published in International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems, Vol.1, No.3, 2009, pp 223-230, ISSN: 1756-8420, DOI: 10.1504/IJAMechS.2009.023205
A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system model that is suitable for control study is presented in this... more A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system model that is suitable for control study is presented in this paper. The PEM mathematical model is then used for the controller development to improve system performance. Within the university research facilities, there is available a PEM fuel cell test station (PEM-FCT), so the PEM-FCT is used for the modelling and controller study. A fuzzy set-point weighted PID controller is designed to improve the performance of the fuel cell system. The underlying idea of our controller design is to use a fuzzy based system to support the operation of a PID controller. The new control strategy is implemented on a PC based computer model of the FCT system and simulated. The results indicate that the control strategy has improved the system performance significantly. Thus, the new control strategy is implemented on PEM-FCT. Comparison made between the simulation model response and experimental results from the real FCT system using the same controller which shows performance enhancements, compared with the existing closed loop controller based on stoichiometry value updates to the flow controllers.
Fault Tolerant Controller Design to Ensure Operational Safety in Satellite Formation Flying
Co-authored with Veres.S., Rogers.E., Gabriel.S
Published in the IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, San Diego, CA, USA, 2006
The paper addresses the problem of fault tolerant
control design that has the same effect as implicit control... more
The paper addresses the problem of fault tolerant
control design that has the same effect as implicit control
system reconfiguration for satellite formation flying to increase
operational safety as it is important for successful missions.
Actuator and sensor degradation can be detrimental for formation
precision in terms of satellite relative positions and attitudes.
In this paper model reference adaptive control (MRAS)
and quaternion based adaptive attitude control (QAAC) is
proposed as alternatives to fault determination and isolation.
The adaptive systems approach is simpler as it avoids explicit
modelling, decision making and control redesign. Redundancy
based solution is used to protect against sensor deficiencies.
Simulations illustrate the efficiency of the adaptive systems
implemented for the control of the position and attitude of a
single craft.
New Majorities' Abuse of Power: Effects of Perceived Control and Social Support
Two studies examined how new majorities (minorities-turned-majorities) abused power by claiming privileges (in-group... more Two studies examined how new majorities (minorities-turned-majorities) abused power by claiming privileges (in-group favoritism) and disparaging new minorities (out-group hostility). Study 1 found that new majorities low in perceived control showed significantly more in-group favoritism than new majorities high in perceived control and stable majorities. The effect of control on new majorities’ in-group favoritism was mediated by certainty about status stability. Study 2 replicated the effect of control on new majorities’ in-group favoritism. In addition, Study 2 found that new majorities were most likely to engage in out-group hostility when they were low in perceived control and received social support for such discrimination. Our studies suggest that power abuse is most egregious among minorities who rise to majority status without a sense of control in the context where abuse is socially endorsed.
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Seen by:From the Third Sector to the Big Society: how changing UK government policies have eroded third sector trust
by Mike Cushman
co-authored with Linda Milbourne
This paper draws on concepts of trust to analyse recent policies affecting the management of public/third sector... more
This paper draws on concepts of trust to analyse recent policies affecting the management of public/third sector relationships, examining the parallel policy strands of competition, ‘command and control’ mechanisms and the community turn in shaping recent changes and associated cultures of relationships. The paper draws on examples from two empirical studies in English inner-city areas to explore ways in which power and regulatory frameworks exerted through dominant organisational cultures and arrangements undermine the independent approaches to communication and action, necessary to develop innovative work and organisational learning within and across sectors. We argue that market cultures and the increase in regulatory frameworks have encouraged distrust in cross-sector relationships, promoting divisive competitive interests and risk-averse behaviours, restricting autonomy and innovation. If aspirations towards effective cross-sector working, community partnerships, and the presumption of community action in the Big Society agenda are to achieve meaningful outcomes, attention needs to be focused on the processes and relational spaces which will enable positive alternatives.
State bodies have behaved as though trust in their actions is a given, while increasingly shifting responsibilities for service delivery and risks of failure to others. Our research identifies ways in which trust has been damaged in such transitions; and consequently we highlight issues that need to be addressed to ensure the development of innovative and effective services in collaboration with community-based providers in the future.
Control and role conflict in food service providers
Androniki Papadopoulou-Baylissa, Elizabeth M. Ineson, , b and Derek Wilkiec
[Author vitae]
a Human-IT Ltd., Cambridge, UK
b Hospitality and Tourism Management, Hollings Faculty, The Manchester Metropolitan University, Old Hall Lane, Manchester M14 6HR, UK
c Stuart Robertson & Associates, The Manchester Metropolitan University, Old Hall Lane, Manchester M14 6HR, UK
Abstract
Food service jobs are perceived as involving limited control and high role conflict, attributable to... more
Abstract
Food service jobs are perceived as involving limited control and high role conflict, attributable to their relatively low status and the boundary-spanning nature of their activities. Following on from job analyses pertaining to service provision, 161 students with service provision work experience completed the Customer Contact Styles Questionnaire and a self-report instrument. Each student's performance was assessed by two restaurant supervisors. Correlational analyses identified the personality requirements that the supervisors associated with good service provision performance in the context of planning, decision-making and serving. It was concluded that dependable and low-profile individuals are most appreciated by their supervisors.
Author Keywords: Food service; Service provider; Performance; Control; Role conflict; Personality
