Contemporary History

As Políticas Sociais em Portugal (1910-1926)

by David Pereira

Resumo
Abstract
Trabalho de Projecto
Project Work Title
As Políticas Sociais em Portugal... more Resumo
Abstract
Trabalho de Projecto
Project Work Title
As Políticas Sociais em Portugal (1910-1926)
David Oliveira Ricardo Pereira

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Portugal, I República, políticas sociais.
KEYWORDS: Portugal, First Republic, social politics.

Tendo em conta o âmbito do trabalho que nos propomos realizar, procuraremos contribuir para uma visão global acerca das políticas desenvolvidas pelos poderes públicos em matéria social no período considerado: o trabalho; os seguros sociais obrigatórios; a assistência; a saúde; a habitação. Assim, perspectivamos poder determinar vários aspectos caracterizadores dessas mesmas políticas, desde a sua concepção e modelo teórico, passando pelas influências exógenas que essa mesma política possa ter incorporado, para além da sua construção legislativa e da sua aplicação final, não esquecendo o seu alcance e sucesso. É nosso propósito contribuir para um olhar reflexivo sobre os anos da I República Portuguesa (1910-1926) conhecendo as suas políticas sociais, o que no limite pode igualmente garantir uma melhor compreensão deste regime também em termos da sua avaliação global. Por outro lado, centrando igualmente a sua situação cronológica e estrutural em termos económicos e sociais, cremos ser possível aquilatar até que ponto se diferenciaram os propósitos prévios à realização das políticas, a sua aplicação e a apreciação final acerca do seu sucesso ou malogro. Só colocando em análise todos estes factores sobre uma perspectiva ampla poderemos obter as explicações adequadas ao questionamento desse período em Portugal na matéria em questão.

This research aims to study the State social policies during the period. The fields under study include, for that period, the public politics concerning: the labour laws; the first legislation about the obligatory social insurance; the public assistance; the health; the housing. Our aim is to know the different phases of that politics with its conception in theory, the foreign influences which came to the country in that field, the legislative framework, the general approval and its results and evaluation. On the other hand, our research is also framed by the economical and social structural period in which the Portuguese First Republic (1910-1926) is inserted. Through the particular study of the social politics promoted by the State, we want to obtain a general appraisal considering the Portuguese First Republic regime as a whole. By having also in mind the economical and social structure and chronology, we think that it is possible to evaluate the potential differences between the intentions before the approval of those politics, its application and its final judgement according its success or failure. Only by putting in to analysis all these factors on a wide perspective we can obtain the adequate explanations to questioning this period in Portugal in this issue.

O Instituto de Seguros Sociais Obrigatórios e de Previdência Geral (1919-1928)

by David Pereira

Resumo
O Instituto de Seguros Sociais Obrigatórios e de Previdência Geral (ISSOPG), criado pelo Decreto com... more Resumo
O Instituto de Seguros Sociais Obrigatórios e de Previdência Geral (ISSOPG), criado pelo Decreto com força de lei n.º 5640, de 10 de Maio de 1919, tinha a seu cargo a superintendência, administração, execução e fiscalização de todas as leis, decretos, regulamentos e instruções para o exercício dos seguros obrigatórios e industriais e de todos os ramos de previdência, assistência e beneficência, nos termos da legislação vigente. Vários anos mais tarde, pelo Decreto n.º 11 267, de 25 de Novembro de 1925, era extinto o Ministério do Trabalho, passando o ISSOPG a integrar o Ministério das Finanças. Este Instituto haveria de alterar a sua denominação para Instituto de Nacional de Seguros e Previdência (INSP) em 1928, mantendo-se até 1933, altura em que foi definitivamente extinto. Acompanhando a sua evolução institucional e a execução da vastidão de áreas que lhe foram confiadas, podemos compreender muitos dos bloqueios e insuficiências dos sucessivos planos gizados pelos responsáveis políticos na área social durante o período, sobretudo aquilatando as diferenças entre os planos teórico e prático associados à sua intervenção.

Abstract
The Institute for Compulsory Social Insurances and General Social Provisions (ISSOPG), created by the Decree with force of law number 5640, 10th May 1919, was in charge of the oversight, administration, execution and supervision of all laws, decrees, regulations and instructions for the exercise of compulsory and industrial insurances and all branches of social provisions, public and private aid, under the law. Several years later, by the Decree number 11 267, 25th November 1925, it was extinguished the Ministry of Labour, passing the ISSOPG to be part of the Ministry of Finance. This Institute would change its nomination to National Institute for Insurances and Social Provisions (INSP) in 1928, continuing to exist until 1933, when it was definitely extinguished. Following its institutional evolution and the execution of the wide areas that were entrusted to its supervision, we can understand many of the blockades and shortcomings of the successive plans drawn by the policymakers in the social area during this period, especially assessing the differences between the theoretical and practical associated to its intervention.

Palavras-Chave
Portugal; instituições; previdência social; assistência.

Keywords
Portugal; institutions; social provision; aid.

Questões Prévias ao Acto Colonial

by David Pereira

Resumo
No sentido de esclarecer a abordagem a realizar são necessárias breves palavras. Prosseguiremos com a... more Resumo
No sentido de esclarecer a abordagem a realizar são necessárias breves palavras. Prosseguiremos com a análise propriamente dita aos conteúdos programáticos das forças políticas para as colónias, procurando seguir um percurso definido pela raiz ideológica dos partidos. Escolhemos as balizas temporais como meramente indicativas, sobretudo no caso de 1920, sendo necessário recuar em vários casos abordados em seguida. Neste texto apenas constam as forças políticas que elaboraram programas mais completos para as colónias portuguesas, resultando tal apreciação da nossa investigação .

Abstract
Searching for the understanding about the framing adopted we need some words of explanation. We will proceed with the analysis itself on the programmatic contents of the political forces for the colonies, aiming to follow a course defined by the ideological origin of the parties. The chronological limits are only merely indicative ones, and more certain in the case of 1920, because it will be necessary to go back in several following cases. Only the political forces that built more complete programs about the Portuguese colonies are on this text, being that assumption a result of our research.

Palavras-chave
Acto Colonial; Primeira República; partidos políticos; programas; colónias.

The Civil Hospitals of Lisbon: the launch of the first urban health coordinating body in Portugal (1913-1927)

by David Pereira

Abstract Proposal for Paper at

40 Years Society for the Social History of Medicine – Annual Conference... more Abstract Proposal for Paper at

40 Years Society for the Social History of Medicine – Annual Conference 2010

Knowledge, Ethics and Representations of Medicine and Health: Historical
Perspectives

8-11 July 2010, Durham and Newcastle, UK

Organised by the Northern Centre for the History of Medicine

Sponsored by the Wellcome Trust, London, and the Society for the Social History of
Medicine


The Civil Hospitals of Lisbon: the launch of the first urban health coordinating body in Portugal (1913-1927)

To define the origins of the social politics concerning the health in Portugal, the Civil Hospitals of Lisbon (Hospitais Civis de Lisboa) acquired a real importance in the first reforms taken among the health in the country. Starting to implement several measures after the political change which came with the declaration of the Republic in 1910, the governments interfered with the regulation and organization of the health units of the country’s capital. With this, the State defined for the first time a coordinating body which, as a matter of fact, continued some of the structure that pre-existed in the Monarchy with the direction of the São José Royal Hospital and Outbuildings (Hospital Real de São José e Anexos) assured by the hospital matron (enfermeiro-mor) with a informal connexion with the directors of its several units. The structure maintained this scheme for almost three years – with the loss of the title Royal for obvious reasons – when the government decided to create an autonomous management for the medical assistance, administration and accountancy in the new Civil Hospitals of Lisbon, giving the responsibility of the direction in terms of medical, hygiene and pharmacy procedures to a Medical Commission (September 9, 1913), soon changed into a Directive Commission (November 27, 1914) with the directors of the health units. Its major competences were the definition of the internal regulations conserving its autonomy, the transfer of the amounts of the State budget and the vote of the annual budgets and the approval of annual amounts for the Hospitals` management. It was the first major health directive body in Portugal which was a privileged spot of the definitions of the health politics in that period.

The Political Child: Children, Education and the State

by David Pereira

Education and Work: State policies for children in Portugal and the tension between protection and punishment in the... more Education and Work: State policies for children in Portugal and the tension between protection and punishment in the first half of the 20th century

The Political Child: Children, Education and the State
15 and 16 May 2009, University of Helsinki
Finland

Abstract
This communication constitutes the wide portrait about the origin and functioning of the children law in Portugal and its relationship with the protection of the children in the country, having as general frame the first half of the 20th century. This time scope is supported by an ample sphere with origins in the deepening process of getting specificity by children in the law and in the society from the second half of the 19th century and in the definition of a protection of children model drawn in the post Second World War period in all Europe, and where Portugal also got in.
As essential propose of our study we want to understand, considering the evolution of the public system childhood assistance and the internment of young offenders, if the State policies concerning children in Portugal could get an improvement in the living conditions of its beneficiaries: the children.
This subject also connects with the study of the social politics in Portugal which leads our general research.
The study’s purpose related with the subject of this work was developed in the Research Project, running between January and December of 2006 under scientific coordination of Professor Maria Fernanda Rollo, about the History and Patrimony of the National Federation of the Protection of Children Institutions (FNIPI).

A assistência pública e a Separação: novos modelos, práticas antigas

by David Pereira

A I República ocupou-se, desde o início, com a reforma dos serviços de assistência pública. Já a Constituição de 1911... more A I República ocupou-se, desde o início, com a reforma dos serviços de assistência pública. Já a Constituição de 1911 reconhecia o direito à assistência pública que, aliás, provinha já da Carta Constitucional vigente na Monarquia Constitucional, embora redigida de forma um tanto mais vaga. A expulsão das ordens religiosas pôs, desde logo, problemas de premente resolução, sobretudo no que respeitava a asilos, recolhimentos, hospitais e cozinhas económicas dependentes de pessoal religioso no passado. Mas, na verdade, o aspecto deficitário que o sector apresentava nesse período em termos orçamentais não foi marcado por um claro quadro de ruptura para com a situação herdada dos últimos anos da Monarquia Constitucional. Assim, na ausência do reconhecimento de direitos políticos e sociais à maioria da população, o regime da I República não se afastou do perfil de um Estado liberal, com previdência social diminuta baseada na verificação de meios e direccionada às classes trabalhadoras de rendimentos mais reduzidos a que se reconhecia um estigma social assumido e preciso, tal como no plano da assistência pública se mantiveram os pressupostos de atendimento apenas aos pobres, que atestavam a sua condição pela inexistência de meios para se sustentarem. Por outro lado, a política do Estado manteve-se particularmente repressiva relativa ao problema da mendicidade, sobretudo nos meios urbanos. Os passos dados durante o período da I República, num contexto de estrangulamento financeiro da maioria das instituições, agravado pelo aumento do custo de vida e a inflação galopante dos preços após a I Guerra Mundial, direccionaram-se sobretudo para a tentativa de criação de maior número de lugares nas instituições tuteladas pelo Estado e para uma nova forma de dirigir essas instituições, através de uma maior centralização na direcção dos serviços. Há, portanto, uma continuidade em muitas das práticas anteriores à Separação do Estado das Igrejas no plano da assistência pública.

L’attività operativa della Brigata “Maiella” nel periodo giugno-settembre 1944

by Flavio Carbone

published in AA. VV., Studi Storico – Militari anno 2005, Roma, Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito Ufficio Storico, 2007, pp. 547-566

Maiella Brigade Operations activity in June-September 1944. Maiella Brigade was a very strange partisan unit in the... more Maiella Brigade Operations activity in June-September 1944. Maiella Brigade was a very strange partisan unit in the Italy Campaign of 1944-1945 because recruited mostly in Abruzzo region the partisan unit dressed military uniform and used an Italian flag patch to fight together with Polish and Anglo-American units along the Italian front from Abruzzo till the end of operations in april-may 1945. The essay is based on a document presented by the Polish contingent to the Italian Army to represent what the Brigade did fighting together with Anders personnel.

Figuration Punk

by Bodo Mrozek

published in: Netzwerk Körper (Hg.): What Can a Body Do? Figuratuionen des Körpers in den Kulturwissenschaften. Frankfurt a.M. / New York: Campus 2012, S. 191-196.

"Punk ereignete sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen: innerhalb der kapitalistischen Produktionslogiken der Musik- und... more "Punk ereignete sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen: innerhalb der kapitalistischen Produktionslogiken der Musik- und Modeindustrie ebenso wie als subkulturelles Zeichensystem, als Bewegung von Kulturamateur_innen und als künstlerische Avantgarde, die zunehmend in etablierte Kulturräume drängte. Ziel dieses Essays ist es, quer durch die unterschiedlichen Erscheinungsformen von Punk übergreifende körpergeschichtliche Aspekte herauszuarbeiten und historisch zu kontextualisieren: [...] die mit den Stilmitteln der Sexualisierung und Fetischisierung konstituierten normverletzenden Körperkonzepte des Punk [sind] als plakative Manifestationen einer neuen Ästhetik zu lesen, die in bis dato ungekannter Drastik mit sozial affirmativen und zukunftsbejahenden Lebensentwürfen brach. Nach dieser Lesart war Punk im wörtlichen Sinne die Verkörperung einer zeitgeschichtlichen Zäsur: des Strukturbruchs der 70er Jahre."

"Nunca tantos leram tão pouco": editores de livro unidos contra a temida modernidade em meados do século XX

by Gabriel Labanca

XXVI Simpósio Nacional de História ANPUH, 2011, São Paulo. Anais do XXVI simpósio nacional da ANPUH - Associação Nacional de História. São Paulo : ANPUH-SP, 2011. v. 1. p. 1-15

As transformações sócio-econômicas, políticas e culturais ocorridas no Brasil a partir de 1930 incentivaram também a... more As transformações sócio-econômicas, políticas e culturais ocorridas no Brasil a partir de 1930 incentivaram também a expansão da produção e venda de livros. No entanto, como o público consumidor e leitor ainda não era satisfatório para um número maior de editoras, e o país ainda conservava problemas históricos nessa área (má distribuição, parque gráfico insuficiente, analfabestimo, etc.), grande parte das novas empresas fundadas na época foram à falência. Aos editores mais consolidados, restava lutar contra antigos e novos obstáculos, como a entrada de modernos hábitos de consumo cultural na sociedade brasileira, para manterem seus negócios abertos. Nesse contexto, buscamos entender como o temor pela entrada de novas mídias no mercado brasileiro incentivou a consolidação de uma classe editorial no país, assim como a sua adequação às novas leis do mercado e as suas ações de protesto contra a entrada de impressos estrangeiros e os subsídios governamentais a jornais e revistas, como estratégias de sobrevivência da atividade livreira.

V Workshop LBS, 14 maggio 2012

by La Bottega dello Storico LBS

La Bottega dello Storico è lieta di presentarvi un nuovo workshop dal titolo "Il cinema tedesco durante le due... more La Bottega dello Storico è lieta di presentarvi un nuovo workshop dal titolo "Il cinema tedesco durante le due guerre mondiali". A discutere come relatrice sarà presente la Prof.ssa Chiara Tognolotti (Università di Firenze), coadiuvata dal Prof. Andrea D'Onofrio (Università di Napoli Federico II) e dal Prof. Pasquale Iaccio (Università di Salerno) come discussant. Moderatore dell'incontro sarà il Dott. Fabrizio Novellino, dottorando presso l'Università di Trento. Appuntamento presso il Goethe Institut Neapel, Riviera di Chiaia 202, il 14/05/2012 alle ore 16.00.

An Approach for the Study of Poetic Imagination

by Arezou Zalipour

Abstract of my PhD thesis that was completed in 2008. Please feel free to contact me if you are interested to know more about my PhD thesis. I am trying to publish it as a book. Your kind suggestions are most welcomed.

An Approach for the Study of Poetic Imagination

Arezou Zalipour, PhD
more An Approach for the Study of Poetic Imagination

Arezou Zalipour, PhD
arezouzalipour@gmail.com


This study examines notions of poetic imagination towards exploring its contemporary representations. It takes its initial point of departure with a historical and conceptual survey that traces the concepts and theories of both imagination and poetic imagination. The literature survey demonstrates that poetic imagination has not been featured in the theories of modern and contemporary poetry, barring the Romantics who celebrated the creative nature of imagination. Therefore, the existing concepts, ideas and theories of poetic imagination are largely unstructured and incoherent concepts inherited by contemporary poets. However, there are some researches on the concept of imagination in poetry in modern and contemporary philosophy and psychology. In the twentieth century, the use of poetic image in philosophical studies as well as the relations between imagination and reality have provided some insights into modern conceptions of poetic imagination. This thesis examines, discusses and collates the principles and concepts relevant to imagination to discover whether these notions can explain and define the nature of poetic imagination in contemporary poetry. Fundamentally, the thesis develops an approach for the exploration of contemporary notions of poetic imagination. The approach is drawn from the existing concepts and theories of imagination and poetic imagination. The approach is constructed featuring the elements of types of images, features of poetic imagination and modes of imagination.

These three categories shape the components of the theoretical framework and also form the three levels of the analytical procedure of the approach. In level one, we look at types of images in a poem which leads us to draw conclusions about features of poetic imagination in level two. In level three, the findings in levels one and two will then help us to determine the apparent and dominant mode of imagination in the poem/text. What should emerge by the end of the analysis is a special opportunity to look at how (creative) imagination is manifested in a poem/text. The approach was applied to a corpus of contemporary poetry in order to show the application of the approach and the way analysis is carried put. The assessment of the approach on a corpus of contemporary poetry was also in an attempt to elucidate the dimensions of relationships between the imagined, the imaged, and the real.

The research identifies that imagination in contemporary poetry moves more towards imaging rather than poetic imagination. In other words, imagination shows greater affinity to imaging in contemporary poetry. The significant contribution of the thesis is that it offers a continuum called Imaginiuum with one end as imaging, and poetic imagination as the other. Imaginiuum is a paradigm that describes contemporary notions of imagination in poetry.

The Stalin Cult between Center and Periphery: Structures of the Cult Community in the Empire of Socialism, 1949-1956 – the Case of GDR, in: Ennker B., Hein-Kircher H. (ed.), Der Führer im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts, Marburg: Herder-Institut, 2010, pp.297-321.

by Alexey Tikhomirov

Symbols of Power in Rituals of Violence: The Personality Cult and Iconoclasm on the Soviet Empire’s Periphery (East Germany, 1945–61)

by Alexey Tikhomirov

published in: Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, Volume 13, Number 1, Winter 2012, pp. 47-88.

Religione civile o usi politici di un culto? A proposito di un libro recente su S. Caterina da Siena

by Lucio Biasiori

in «Rivista di storia del cristianesimo», 9/1 (2012), pp. 195-214.

Starting from a historical research on the interrelations between the cult of S. Catherine of Siena and the cult of... more Starting from a historical research on the interrelations between the cult of S. Catherine of Siena and the cult of Italian Nation between the two World Wars, this essay also aims to test the validity of the notion of “civil religion” as applied to an analysis of religious phenomena. Can we better understand devotion, if we replace it with another absolute notion (such as “identity”)?
Or, in the sublunar world of historical research, is it more rewarding to examine how various political options have tried to intercept a cult and adapt it to their various aims (Lateran Agreements, war mobilization, racism)? Is an ideological notion, like “civil religion”, useful for loosening the knot of the relationships between politics and religion, or is it preferable to insist more on the political, social, geographical rifts among the promoters of a cult, rather than on homogeneity and condivision? And are these two approaches really incompatible? These are questions this work would like to focus
on, without forgetting that its fi rst purpose is to clarify a specific historical problem.

Recensione a Paolo Sensini, Libia 2011.

by Gianroberto Scarcia

Recensione Paolo Sensini, Libia 2011. Prefazione di Giovanni Martinelli, Vescovo di Tripoli, Milano, Jaca Book, 2011, 174 pp. in corso di stampa su Oriente Moderno.

Conference programm: To stay or go? Jews in Europe in the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust, Part II - Warsaw 05/12

by Katrin Steffen

Switched Landscapes - Postcards, memories and gazes on the flatlands of the Tagus River

by Carlos Robalo

ROBALO, Carlos – Paisagens Trocadas: Postais, memórias e olhares sobre a lezíria do Tejo [Em linha]. Lisboa: ISCTE, 2009. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10071/1473&gt;.

With the fall of the rural world, landscapes regain a remarkable expression in the framing of the memory and in the... more With the fall of the rural world, landscapes regain a remarkable expression in the framing of the memory and in the construction of the imaginary of a society that redesigns its image and projects itself in time, past and future, and is forced to question its present.

In the demand of the Tagus Valley landscape representations, picture postcards were elected as primordial research source. To find them required a long and persisting course, identifying local collectors and getting their assent to study their collections, what has revealed new perspectives of inquiry, multiplying the odds of looking the site and its sought objects.

Defying us to examine the perspectives on the place, both in past and present, postcards are the axis of a research where we outlook the modulations of the gaze: the people’s gaze on their space and about themselves, on how they intend to be looked at by the others, how they see the others and how they are seen by them.

This way, it was intended to contribute to the identification of processes that determine the construction of a place, the delimitation of a territory, the recognition of a landscape, and hence, the production of a sense of belonging, where a situated identity is discoursed and represented.

Switched Landscapes - Postcards, memories and gazes on the flatlands of the Tagus River

by Carlos Robalo

ROBALO, Carlos – Paisagens Trocadas: Postais, memórias e olhares sobre a lezíria do Tejo [Em linha]. Lisboa: ISCTE, 2009. Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10071/1473&gt;.

With the fall of the rural world, landscapes regain a remarkable expression in the framing of the memory and in the... more With the fall of the rural world, landscapes regain a remarkable expression in the framing of the memory and in the construction of the imaginary of a society that redesigns its image and projects itself in time, past and future, and is forced to question its present.

In the demand of the Tagus Valley landscape representations, picture postcards were elected as primordial research source. To find them required a long and persisting course, identifying local collectors and getting their assent to study their collections, what has revealed new perspectives of inquiry, multiplying the odds of looking the site and its sought objects.

Defying us to examine the perspectives on the place, both in past and present, postcards are the axis of a research where we outlook the modulations of the gaze: the people’s gaze on their space and about themselves, on how they intend to be looked at by the others, how they see the others and how they are seen by them.

This way, it was intended to contribute to the identification of processes that determine the construction of a place, the delimitation of a territory, the recognition of a landscape, and hence, the production of a sense of belonging, where a situated identity is discoursed and represented.

IV Workshop LBS, 16 aprile 2012

by La Bottega dello Storico LBS

La Bottega dello Storico è lieta di presentarvi un nuovo workshop dal titolo "Trincee francesi. La guerra delle... more La Bottega dello Storico è lieta di presentarvi un nuovo workshop dal titolo "Trincee francesi. La guerra delle storiografie sul conflitto del '14-'18". A discutere come relatori saranno presenti il prof. Antoine Imbault (Université de Lorraine), coadiuvato dalla Dott.ssa Grazia Di Ceglie (Università di Napoli L'Orientale). Moderatore dell'incontro sarà il Dott. Giovanni Savino, dottore presso il SUM. 16 Aprile 2012 Biblioteca BRAU (P. Bellini), ore 16

review of Owen Jones - "Chavs"

by Adam Timmins