2012 Case note on CJEU, 25 oct. 2011, cases C-509/09 and C-161/10
by Laurent Pech
Revue Lamy Droit de l'Immatériel, Janvier 2012, no. 78, note no. 2600, pp. 38-43
L’article 5, 3°, du règlement (CE) n° 44/2001 du 22 décembre 2000 est désormais interprété
comme offrant, à toute... more
L’article 5, 3°, du règlement (CE) n° 44/2001 du 22 décembre 2000 est désormais interprété
comme offrant, à toute personne estimant qu’un contenu disponible en ligne porte atteinte à ses droits de la personnalité, la faculté de saisir d’une action en responsabilité, au titre de l’intégralité du dommage causé, soit les juridictions de l’État membre du lieu d’établissement de l’émetteur de ces contenus, soit les juridictions de l’État membre dans lequel se trouve le centre de ses intérêts. Cette dernière et nouvelle option est justifi ée par un souci de favoriser les objectifs de bonne administration de la justice et de prévisibilité des règles de compétence mais en attribuant compétence à la juridiction du lieu où le demandeur a le centre de ses intérêts pour réparer l’intégralité de tout dommage causé par une publication en ligne, la CJUE neutralise plutôt qu’elle adapte la jurisprudence Shevill car son jugement ouvre de fait la voie à la consécration systématique du for du domicile du demandeur.
Download (.pdf) A Radical View of Legal Pluralism
by Jan Smits
Maastricht European Private Law Institute Working Paper No. 2012/1; to be published in: PLURALISM AND EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW, Leone Niglia, ed., Oxford, 2012
Law is increasingly pluralist, meaning that different claims to legal authority exist at the same time on the same... more Law is increasingly pluralist, meaning that different claims to legal authority exist at the same time on the same territory. This pluralism raises important questions in the field of (European) private law. The main question discussed in this contribution is a normative one: to what extent can legal pluralism be accepted, or should it even be encouraged? The answer provided entails a radical view of legal pluralism in European private law. This view is based on the idea that people are never necessarily governed by the law of one State or by the norms of one societal group, but are instead allowed to opt out of their ‘own’ set of norms. This puts legal pluralism in a different perspective. While an argument often used against pluralism is that it may endanger the interests of a party being trapped in its own community, the view laid down in this paper avoids this problem: it allows a party to opt out of one community and opt in to another one. The limits of this enhanced principle of party autonomy are found in public policy as understood in the field of private international law.
Three-Dimensional Conflict of Laws in Europe
ZERP – Discussion Papers, 2, 2009.
The EU is a structure which is positioned “in-between” hierarchically organized nation-state governing structures and... more
The EU is a structure which is positioned “in-between” hierarchically organized nation-state governing structures and heterarchically structured global governance structures. Thus, the EU is a hybrid which partly relies on governing and partly on governance. This two-dimensionality is the central reason why the question of the constitutional character of the EU remains fundamentally unresolved. Thus, it is proposed that the EU should aim for the development of a constitutional form aimed at alleviating the tensions inherent in the European construction through a conflict of laws approach. In order to respect the hybridity of the Union, such an approach will however have to be based on a three-dimensional conflict of laws concept insofar as it would have to take account of horizontal conflicts between territorial units, vertical conflicts between the EU and its ember states as well as horizontal conflicts between the functionally differentiated structures of the wider society.
Constitutionalizing Governing and Governance in Europe
Comparative Sociology, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 86-119, 2010
The EU is a structure positioned “in-between” hierarchically organized nation-state governing structures and... more The EU is a structure positioned “in-between” hierarchically organized nation-state governing structures and heterarchically structured global governance structures. Thus, the EU is a hybrid which relies partly on governing and partly on governance. This two-dimensionality is a central reason why the question of the constitutional character of the EU remains fundamentally unresolved. Thus, it is proposed that the EU should aim for developing a constitutional form aimed at alleviating the tensions inherent in the European construction through a conflict of laws approach. In order to respect the hybridity of the Union, such an approach, however, will have to be based on a three-dimensional conflict of laws concept. It would have to take account of horizontal conflicts between territorial units, vertical conflicts between the EU and its member states, and also horizontal conflicts between the functionally differentiated structures of the wider society.
The Political Foundations of Conflicts Law
Transnational Legal Theory, Volume 2, Number 2, July 2011 , pp. 226-241
Statehood has undergone rapid expansion in both depth and scope in recent history. It has, however, always been a... more Statehood has undergone rapid expansion in both depth and scope in recent history. It has, however, always been a limited form of social ordering which has operated in conjunction with other forms of social ordering located beneath, beside and above the state. The central structural cause behind the expansion in statehood was the implosion of the eurocentric world and the subsequent decolonisation processes that unfolded in the twentieth century. Besides leading to a globalisation of statehood, this transformation also implied a transformation of transnational forms of ordering away from colonial centre/periphery differentiation and towards the kind of functionally delineated regulatory regimes that represent the dominant form of transnational ordering today. Understanding the consequences of this fundamental transformation is the central issue with which contemporary transnational legal and political theory, including the conflicts law approach, is dealing.
A New Type of Conflicts Law as Constitutional Form in the Postnational Constellation
Christian Joerges, Poul F. Kjaer and Tommi Ralli: Transnational Legal Theory, Volume 2, Number 2, July 2011 , pp. 153-165.
The 'conflicts law approach' reconstructs the potential of primarily, but not exclusively, European law to address the... more The 'conflicts law approach' reconstructs the potential of primarily, but not exclusively, European law to address the threat to democracy that is posed by the concern that citizens would increasingly be subject to the effects of laws which they themselves had not authored. This structural democratic deficit calls for consideration of 'foreign' demands. It also calls for cooperation and mutual respect between political constituencies. The normative basis for understanding conflicts law as a constitutional form with democratically grounded validity claims stems from the proposition that states must acknowledge or establish a law that provides a forum for foreign demands and manifests deference through transnational rules. The approach sets out to examine three types of conflict constellations—horizontal, vertical and diagonal legal conflicts—and three types of law-mediated responses, layered as the scheme of a 'three-dimensional conflicts law'.
2011-12-14-Recommendations Diversity Panel for the Police
Issues and Recommendations for
Police Officers for Cases Involving People of Diverse Backgrounds:
Diversity Panel for
Training Police Officers of the Department of Police and Public Safety
Northern Illinois University
Barsema Hall, 300, Northern Illinois University
December 13, 2011
© 2011 Dr. Rey Ty
International Training Office
Division of International Programs
Issues and Recommendations for
Police Officers for Cases Involving People of Diverse Backgrounds:
Diversity... more
Issues and Recommendations for
Police Officers for Cases Involving People of Diverse Backgrounds:
Diversity Panel for
Training Police Officers of the Department of Police and Public Safety
Northern Illinois University
Barsema Hall, 300, Northern Illinois University
December 13, 2011
© 2011 Dr. Rey Ty
International Training Office
Division of International Programs
Cyberspace Jurisdictional and Conflict of Law Issues
Cyberspace presents unique challenges in applying existing laws and resolving conflicts between laws of different... more Cyberspace presents unique challenges in applying existing laws and resolving conflicts between laws of different jurisdictions. In the absence of a physical presence, courts must determine whether they have jurisdiction to hear the case and if so, whether there are any conflicts of law. Cyberspace transactions can transcend geopolitical boundaries so both parties to a transaction must consider which laws may be applicable and protect their interests accordingly.
Construyendo puentes entre disciplinas: Los vínculos entre el Derecho Internacional Económico y la Economía Política Internacional (2009)
Ponencia presentada en las Primeras Jornadas del Área de Relaciones Internacionales de FLACSO Argentina. “Las Relaciones Internacionales: una disciplina en constante movimiento” - Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales- FLACSO, Sede Argentina, octubre de 2009
Mesa: Los enfoques de la economía política internacional: ¿cuál es el aporte?
Desde hace más de tres décadas la producción académica norteamericana, como europea, vienen destacando el lugar de las... more
Desde hace más de tres décadas la producción académica norteamericana, como europea, vienen destacando el lugar de las relaciones económicas en la escena internacional. Lenta y gradualmente se han ido produciendo un importante cumulo de producción académica tanto en el ámbito del derecho, como de la ciencia política, dentro de esta en las relaciones internacionales, y más específicamente con relación a la economía política internacional como una subespecie dentro del mainstream de la disciplina internacionalista. En cada uno de los productos se pueden ver implicados académicos de una y otra disciplina, trabajando de manera cruzada, imbricados, y
yuxtapuestos.
En el trabajo se propone mapear preliminarmente algunos de estos productos, identificando temáticas, grados y tipos de vinculación, líneas teóricas de análisis, convergencias y divergencias. Para ello tomaremos principalmente un lapso temporal acotado a 3 años en algunos journals académicos de carácter jurídico, y tres de carácter económico político internacional. Además de algunas publicaciones básicas tanto del derecho internacional, como de las relaciones internacionales, vinculados a la economía internacional, mundial o global.
"Derecho Interpersonal: claves para su comprensión desde el Pluralismo Jurídico. Caracterización y diferencias" (2010)
Ponencia presentada en Jornadas de Derecho Interpersonal como proyección del Derecho Internacional Privado, organizadas por la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, setiembre de 2010
El presente trabajo pretende mostrar definir el Derecho Interpersonal en términos del pluralismo jurídico. Destacando... more
El presente trabajo pretende mostrar definir el Derecho Interpersonal en términos del pluralismo jurídico. Destacando que es imposible analizar la interpersonalidad jurídica sin un análisis no positivista propio del pluralismo.
Para ello presentaremos un breve mapeo de las vertientes del pluralismo jurídico.
Además lo diferenciaremos el pluralismo jurídico de otras versiones de teoría general del Derecho, como el pluralismo legal y el pluralismo juridico global. A su vez lo diferenciaremos respecto del pluralismo metodológico y del pluralismo legislativo, propios del derecho internacional privado, Finalmente enfocamos los vínculos existentes entre la interpersonalidad y las versiones del pluralismo.
Relaciones laborales transnacionales en torno a la ZICOSUR: Ley Aplicable y Juez Competente frente a soluciones neoconflcituales con orientación material. El caso del Convenio N° 169 de la OIT sobre pueblos indigenas, una visión desde el Pluralismo jurídico (2010)
Ponencia presentada en XXIIº Congreso Argentino de Derecho Internacional “ARGENTINA Y SU PROYECCIÓN LATINOAMERICANA”, en el BICENTENARIO de la REVOLUCIÓN de MAYO, Octubre de 2010
Secc.:Derecho Internacional Privado
El presente trabajo Pretende analizar de manera coordinada el fenómeno de las relaciones laborales transfronterizas... more
El presente trabajo Pretende analizar de manera coordinada el fenómeno de las relaciones laborales transfronterizas con algún margen de conflictividad común a la subregional ZICOSUR, esto es el problema de las relaciones laborales y la protección de derechos laborales de los “pueblos indígenas”. Asume que desde el neoconflctualismo y el pluralismo jurídico es posible analizar las normas conflictuales clásicas a la luz de una solución material uniforme en los países de la subregion, esta es la aplicación del Convenio N° 169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) vigente en los países miembros de la ZICOSUR.
El trabajo se estructura a partir de una breve introducción, luego en la primer sección se explicitan una serie de premisas teóricas básicas para el análisis propuesto a la luz de procesos como la transnacionalización, la interdependencia y la globalización; los fenómenos de paradiplomacia subnacional; el multiculturalismo e indigenismo; el pluralismo jurídico y el derecho interpersonal, finalizando con la caracterización del neoconflictualismo. En la sección siguiente enfocamos como las normas conflictuales regionales en materia de derecho laboral y de la seguridad social, nos llevan a pensar en la aplicación material del Convenio 169 de la OIT. En la tercer sección analizamos las principlaes tendencia dentro del derecho del trabajo en la esfera internacional, a saber la materialización y especialización.
Luego en el capitulo principal analizaremos el Convenio 169 de la OIT, en el marco de la reivindicación de los “pueblos indígenas” y sus incidencia en las relaciones laborales y otras consustanciales a su modelo regulatorio, tratando de enfocarlo desde la realidad social de la región.
Finalmente exponemos los puntos de ponencia y las dudas e inquietudes que nos genera la temática en cuestión.
Freedom of Reincorporation and the Scope of Corporate Law in the U.S. and the E.U.
In the U.S. corporations can be incorporated in any of the 50 states and can “reincorporate” afterwards in any other... more In the U.S. corporations can be incorporated in any of the 50 states and can “reincorporate” afterwards in any other state. In the E.U. such freedoms are a recent achievement: In the last decade, first the European Court of Justice has liberalized initial incorporations and only in 2005 the cross-border directive has open the doors to freedom of midstream reincorporation from one member state to another. Midstream reincorporations, however, in the E.U. have a much different impact than on the other side of the Atlantic. In the U.S., indeed, the competence of the state where a company is incorporated is limited: On the one hand, it is restricted by federal laws and, on the other hand, it regulates only the “internal affairs” of corporate activities. By contrast, in the European Union, the agency problems between shareholders and board are bundled with the agency problems between shareholders and creditors, all being part of "corporate law" and in the exclusive competence of the member state of incorporation. Consequently, in the U.S. reincorporations are a relatively easy task, since they shift only rules that address the shareholders - board relation, while creditors and other stakeholders are not affected. By contrast, in the E.U., any change of the applicable corporate law risks to jeopardize also creditors. Adjusting creditors will discount this risk from the credit rate or will protect themselves through specific covenant, but not-sophisticated creditors will bear entirely the risk of opportunistic reincorporations. For this reason, many E.U. member states provide mechanisms for creditors’ protection in case of reincorporation, often by requiring the debtor to give a security or to pay the debts that are not yet due. These mechanisms are necessary to avoid negative externalities in "multi-stakeholder" corporate laws, yet they make reincorporations more expensive and will impede a certain number of efficient transactions.
La determinazione della «materia civile e commerciale» del Regolamento 44/2001 alla luce di alcune recenti pronunce giurisprudenziali
by Jacopo Re
in Foro padano, 2008, I, coll. 374-391
Il diritto internazionale privato italiano delle successioni
by Jacopo Re
in Rivista giuridica dell'ISAIDAT, 2010, pp. 97-112
La Corte di giustizia e l'art. 4 della convenzione di Roma: il caso ICF
by Jacopo Re
in RDIPP, 2010, pp. 407-436