Colonialism, Imperialism, Empire

Pornography & Colonization

by Amanda Puckett

Accepted for publication in The Critical Initiative, California State University, San Marcos' academic, peer reviewed, journal.

History Teaching, Imperialism and Decolonization in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1945-1958)

by Iris Seri-Hersch

PhD dissertation defended on May 17, 2012 at Aix-Marseille Université. Written in French.

Situating the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in the wider frame of British imperial history, this dissertation investigates... more Situating the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in the wider frame of British imperial history, this dissertation investigates school history in late colonial Sudan. Didactic materials, prescribed contents and pedagogic practices are analyzed against the background of five major developments of the 1945-1953 period: the shifting of British imperialism in Africa towards “paternalist-progressive” policies aiming at preparing colonial peoples for self-government; the polarization of British and Egyptian positions on the Sudanese issue; mounting rivalries between the independentist and unionist wings of Sudanese nationalism; the hasty unification of Northern and Southern Sudan after more than half a century of separate rule; and Northern Sudanese policies of Arabization and Islamization in the South as a tool for achieving “national unification”.
In a second part, the innovative character of post-WWII history teaching in Sudan is assessed by examining earlier patterns of Sudanese school history. History teaching in late colonial Sudan is then compared with history teaching in other territories of the (ex-)Empire (Uganda, North Rhodesia, Nigeria, Egypt, India, Great Britain). Two central postcolonial issues are further explored, namely the decolonization of school historical narratives after independence (1956) and the role of history teaching in fuelling the North-South conflict in Sudan.

Del imperialismo político al neocolonialismo cultural: El mito de la Madre Patria y sus proyecciones mediáticas.

by Santiago Juan-Navarro

Published in Arte y Cultura en la Globalización. Ed. Carlos Borro. Buenos Aires: Editorial La Bohemia, 2008.

Review of European Conquest and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Moral Backwardness of International Society by Paul Keal

by Sidney Shapiro

The role of indigenous peoples in international society is complex to discern and define.  In European Conquest... more The role of indigenous peoples in international society is complex to discern and define.  In European Conquest and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Moral Backwardness of International Society, Paul Keal examines the role in which European conquest and history have impacted indigenous peoples.  This essay will examine aspects from the book, namely the access to the political franchise by indigenous peoples, the state of international society and the various rights and obligations which society dictates, a brief overview of colonialism on both an external and internal basis, and finally on elements of international law which focus on the concept of rights, how to obtain them, and what the requirements are.  European Conquest gives new meaning and texture to the understanding of indigenous rights by bringing together a multitude of secondary source material and presents a clear snapshot of the surge by indigenous people to gain rights and definition.

Sport, manhood and empire: British responses to the New Zealand rugby tour of 1905

by John Nauright

This article analyzes British responses to the successes of the 1905 New Zealand All Black rugby team in the context... more This article analyzes British responses to the successes of the 1905 New Zealand All Black rugby team in the context of fears of racial degeneration in Britain. It further explores how the British viewed the New Zealand team's innovative style of play including changes to standard formations used in the game as well as specialized positional play. Finally concepts of colonial robust masculinity suggested to British experts that the British "race" was not necessarily in decline in the colonies of settlement as evidenced both by troop performance in the South African War of 1899-1902 and on the playing fields.

MUSEUMISATION OF THE PRESENT

by Suresh Pillai

Questões Prévias ao Acto Colonial

by David Pereira

Resumo
No sentido de esclarecer a abordagem a realizar são necessárias breves palavras. Prosseguiremos com a... more Resumo
No sentido de esclarecer a abordagem a realizar são necessárias breves palavras. Prosseguiremos com a análise propriamente dita aos conteúdos programáticos das forças políticas para as colónias, procurando seguir um percurso definido pela raiz ideológica dos partidos. Escolhemos as balizas temporais como meramente indicativas, sobretudo no caso de 1920, sendo necessário recuar em vários casos abordados em seguida. Neste texto apenas constam as forças políticas que elaboraram programas mais completos para as colónias portuguesas, resultando tal apreciação da nossa investigação .

Abstract
Searching for the understanding about the framing adopted we need some words of explanation. We will proceed with the analysis itself on the programmatic contents of the political forces for the colonies, aiming to follow a course defined by the ideological origin of the parties. The chronological limits are only merely indicative ones, and more certain in the case of 1920, because it will be necessary to go back in several following cases. Only the political forces that built more complete programs about the Portuguese colonies are on this text, being that assumption a result of our research.

Palavras-chave
Acto Colonial; Primeira República; partidos políticos; programas; colónias.

Sulayman b. Nasir al-Lamki and German colonial policies towards Muslim communities in German East Africa

by Michael Pesek

published in n Islam in Africa, edited by Thomas Bierschenk and Georg Stauth. 211-229. Münster: LIT, 2002

Scientific Technologies of National Identity as Colonial Legacies

by Rosa Medina-Domenech

The Moghia Menace, or the Watch Over Watchmen in Colonial India

by Anastasia Piliavsky

Forthcoming in Modern Asian Studies in 2012. WORK IN PROGRESS: PLEASE DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION, BUT PLEASE COMMENT! (an379@cam.ac.uk)

This paper contributes to the history of ‘criminal tribes’, policing and governance in British India. It focuses on... more This paper contributes to the history of ‘criminal tribes’, policing and governance in British India. It focuses on one colonial experiment—the policing of Moghias, declared by British authorities to be ‘robbers by hereditary profession’—which was the immediate precursor of the first Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, but which so far altogether passed under the historians’ radar. I argue that at stake in the Moghia operations, as in most other colonial ‘criminal tribe’ initiatives, was neither the control of crime (as colonial officials claimed) nor the management of India’s itinerant groups (as most historians argue), but the uprooting of the indigenous policing system. British presence on the subcontinent was punctuated with periodic panics over ‘extraordinary crime’, through which colonial authorities advanced their policing practices and propagated their way of governance. The leading crusader against this ‘crisis’ was the Thuggee and Dacoity Department, which was as instrumental to the ‘discovery’ of the ‘Moghia menace’ and ‘criminal tribes’ in the late nineteenth century as to the earlier suppression of the ‘cult of Thuggee’. As a policing initiative, the Moghia campaign failed consistently for more than two decades. Its failures, however, reveal that behind the façade-anxieties over ‘criminal castes’ and ‘crises of crime’ stood attempts at a systemic change of indigenous governance. The diplomatic slippages of the campaign also expose the fact that the indigenous rule by patronage persisted—and that the consolidation of the colonial state was far from complete—well into the late nineteenth century.

Biopolítica borbónica en Chile: el discurso antropológico sobre la ociosidad y el vagabundaje

by Patricio Lepe-Carrión

En editorial para ser publicado en el libro colectivo "Revisando el presente. Ensayos críticos desde el sur". CEAPEDI. Universidad Nacional del Comahue - Argentina.

Реставрационный versus революционный империализм в путинской Росcии

by Andreas Umland

Заседание Экспертного совета Черноморской миротворческой сети «Правый радикализм на постсоветском пространстве» в помещении киевского офиса ЕАЕК (НаУКМА). 2011. 5 ноября. 13 стр. Видеозапись: http://blogs.korrespondent.net/celebrities/blog/forum2004/a56596

Negotiating the Imperial Landscape: The Geopolitics of Aztec Control In the Outer Provinces of the Empire

by Christopher Garraty

Garraty, Christopher P., and Michael A. Ohnersorgen (2009)

Aztec Teotihuacan: Political Processes at a Postclassic and Early Colonial City-State In the Basin of Mexico

by Christopher Garraty

Garraty, Christopher P. (2006)

Teotihuacan, located in the northeastern Basin of Mexico, is best known for its Preclassic and Classic period... more Teotihuacan, located in the northeastern Basin of Mexico, is best known for its Preclassic and Classic period occupations (ca. 150 B.C.-A.D. 700) but was also an important city-state during the Aztec and Early Colonial periods, circa A.D. 1200-1650. Much has been written about political relations among Aztec city-states in the basin. However, the internal political structures of most city-states remain largely unknown because colonial chroniclers focused mostly on Tenochtitlan-Mexico City and collected little information on the 40 to 50 smaller city-states in the basin. This article addresses the internal political organization of Aztec Teotihuacan and how it changed over time based on analyses of pottery data from the surface collections of the Teotihuacan Mapping Project. A seriation of sherd assemblages using correspondence analysis provides a chronological framework for diachronic analyses. Changes through time pertaining to interresidential status differences and the spatial distributions of elite residences suggest a gradual process of political decentralization. Additionally, pottery and obsidian data, in conjunction with settlement pattern changes, reveal a relocation of the city-state center in the late 1300s or early 1400s, possibly indicating an episode of political upheaval or reorganization.

Intercambio De Mercado Y Consolidación En El Corazón Del Imperio Azteca

by Christopher Garraty

Garraty, Christopher P. (2007)

(English abstract) One important way that empires consolidate power is to undercut the traditional revenue bases of... more (English abstract) One important way that empires consolidate power is to undercut the traditional revenue bases of subject elites and redirect resource flows from subject areas to the imperial capitals. To this end, Aztec imperial rulers implemented a strategy to appropriate marketplace revenues from subject elites in the imperial heartland in the Basin of Mexico. Recent chemistry-based provenance studies of undecorated Aztec plainware and Black-on- orange vessels suggest that pottery made in the Tenochtitlan area penetrated market domains of neighboring polities, including their Acolhua allies in Texcoco. The imperial rulers in Tenochtitlan likely invested in marketplace development to stimulate commercial craft production and export, thus boosting government revenues from market taxation.

The Politics of Commerce: Aztec Pottery Production and Exchange In the Basin of Mexico, AD 1200--1650

by Christopher Garraty

2006 The Politics of Commerce: Aztec Pottery Production and Exchange in the Basin of Mexico, A.D. 1200-1650. Ph.D. Dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

The relationships between market and political institutions have varied in different times and places, but no market... more The relationships between market and political institutions have varied in different times and places, but no market system was (or is) devoid of political involvement. The contrasting approaches of the Aztec empire and Spanish colonial regime to the Basin of Mexico market system are instructive about the ways that commercial agents (producers, traders) respond to “top-down” pressures from state elites to steer and direct the commercial economy to their political advantage. The results of this study suggest that the market system in the Basin flourished under the Aztec empire but suffered a decline after the Spanish conquest. To establish a window on state-market relationships, I focus on pottery production and exchange (plainware and decorated wares) prior to and during the period of Aztec imperial rule (ca. A.D. 1200-1520) and subsequent colonial period (ca. A.D. 1520-1650) based on compositional analyses and analyses of form specialization and attribute standardization. In the fragmented political landscape that preceded the Aztec empire, most plainware producers manufactured on a relatively small scale and exchanged their wares locally through a system of small, non-hierarchical market networks that likely operated independently of elite regulation. Conversely, decorated Black-on-orange and redware serving vessels were manufactured on a larger scale in fewer production loci and exchanged over a wider area, indicating a hierarchical exchange system that operated under elite auspices. During the Aztec empire, the consolidation of power under the imperial capitals of Tenochtitlan and Texcoco brought about a more stable milieu for inter-polity interaction. In this context, plainware and Black-on-orange production both involved large-scale, high-intensity production industries centered at or near four principal market centers in the Basin, including the imperial capitals. Tenochtitlan became by far the most prominent and prolific locus of pottery production and export, especially for Black-on-orange vessels and comales (tortilla griddles). After the Spanish conquest, the large-scale pottery production and export industries evident in the Late Aztec period collapsed. Production was generally less intensive, smaller in scale, and probably mostly geared toward local consumers. Tenochtitlan—now Mexico City—was no longer the principal hub of indigenous commerce and became increasingly geared toward the Spanish overseas economy.

Imperial and Social Relations In Postclassic South-Central Veracruz, Mexico

by Christopher Garraty

Garraty, Christopher P., and Barbara L. Stark (2002)

We explore social and imperial relations in the western lower Papaloapan Basin, especially along the lower Blanco... more We explore social and imperial relations in the western lower Papaloapan Basin, especially along the lower Blanco River, using statistical analyses of ceramic rims from recent surveys. This region is sandwiched between two known tributary provincial centers of the Aztec empire, but its relationship to the empire is uncertain in colonial documentary materials. Our analyses illuminate changes in social relations from the Middle (A.D. 1150-1350) to Late Postclassic (A.D. 1350-1520) periods and shed light on the impact of Aztec imperialism. We use a ceramic unmixing procedure to assign collections to the Middle and Late Postclassic periods for assessment of settlement patterns. Next we use cluster analyses to examine vertical wealth and status differentiation. In the Middle Postclassic period, we observe a concentric gradation of wealth and status away from the small center of El Sauce. Late Postclassic changes include the decline of El Sauce and the founding of a new center at Callejo'n del Horno. The concentric model does not apply to the Late Postclassic period, however, and wealth and status became more highly concentrated at Callejon del Horno compared to its hinterland. We also investigate sparse collections-those with few Postclassic rims-to evaluate whether these collections represent poor residences or, rather, sherd scatter from possible field manuring. The lowerBlanco region was likely integrated into the Aztec empire on the basis of changes in vertical social differentiation from Middle to Late Postclassic times and percentages of Aztec-style ceramics compared to known Aztec provincial centers, especially Cotaxtla.

Paul Gauguin’s two Tahitian manifest paintings: Mana'o tupapa'u and Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?

by Srdjan Tunic

In Serbian (Dva tahićanska manifesta Pola Gogena: Mana'o tupapa'u i Odakle dolazimo? Ko smo? Gde idemo?).

Key words: Paul Gauguin, Tahiti, symbolism, egzoticism, colonialism, orientalism, primitivism, feminism, gender studies

Summary:

Gauguin’s attitudes towards Tahiti and its indigenious population, colonialism and women – all the... more Summary:

Gauguin’s attitudes towards Tahiti and its indigenious population, colonialism and women – all the elements that are encoded in his work – were often contradictory and ambiguous. From his representation of Tahiti, one could encounter symbolistic utopias, personal vision and artistic project, contact with indigenious history and beliefs, the becoming of „noble savage“, sexual freedom and a lifequest for carefree life. Paintings Mana'o tupapa'u (The spirit watches over her, 1892) and Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going? (1897-98) could both be understood as manifests of his art inspired by and produced on Tahiti, relevant for the questions raised above. Also, a deeper insight was achieved by using postcolonial and gender theories, as well as analysis of egzoticism and primitivism in the modernist art.

Fair trade and empire: An anti-capitalist critique of the fair trade movement

by Ian Hussey

Article in Briarpatch Magazine 40(5): 15-18. September 1, 2011.

Quote from intro: "Fair trade marketing and advocacy rely on the idea that fair trade increases connectedness... more Quote from intro: "Fair trade marketing and advocacy rely on the idea that fair trade increases connectedness between Global South producers and Global North consumers. But while fair trade does reduce the number of intermediaries in the supply chain as compared to the free trade system, it also serves to reinforce racist and colonial distinctions between the poor Global South farmer and the benevolent Global North consumer. While it may channel slightly more income into agricultural communities, it ultimately fails to address the colonial capitalist structures that produce the impoverishment of farmers on an ongoing basis."

‘Australian Responses to the Indian Famine, 1876-8: Empire, Sympathy and Photography’

by Christina Twomey

Co-authored with Andrew J. May, in Australian Historical Studies, forthcoming 2012