Climatology

The analysis of El Ni�o and La Ni�a signals in streamflows of Turkey

by Ercan Kahya

Streamflow and La Nina event relationships in the ENSO-streamflow core areas

by Ercan Kahya

The Relationships Between US Streamflow and La Nina Events

by Ercan Kahya

Analysis of Turkish precipitation data: homogeneity and the Southern Oscillation forcings on frequency distributions

by Ercan Kahya

North Atlantic Oscillation influences on Turkish lake levels

by Ercan Kahya

- Co-authored with M. Küçük, T.M. Cengiz and M. Karaca,
- Published in Hydrological Processes, Vol. 23, No 6, 893-906, 2009.

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a large-scale mode of natural climate variability governing the path of... more The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a large-scale mode of natural climate variability governing the path of Atlantic mid-latitude storm tracks and precipitation regimes in the Atlantic and Mediterranean sectors. The primary focus of this study is to investigate the variability of lake levels in seven lakes scattered across Turkey using the method of continuous wavelet transforms and global spectra. The long winter (December, January, February and March) lake-level series and the NAO index (NAOI) series were subjected to wavelet transform. The global wavelet spectrum (energy spectrum of periodicities) of lake levels and winter NAOI anomalies, in most cases, revealed a significant correlation. It was shown that the Tuz, Sapanca, and Uluabat lakes reflect much stronger influences of the NAO than the other four lakes. In contrast, weak correlations were found in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean and eastern Turkey. The periodic structures of Turkish lake levels in relation to the NAO revealed a spectrum between the 1-year and 10-year scale level. Although the periodicities of more than 10-year scale levels were detected, explaining significant relations between the NAO and these long-term periodicities remains a challenging task. The results of this study are consistent with the earlier studies concerning the teleconnection between the NAO and climate variables in Turkey.

KEY WORDS: North Atlantic Oscillation; lake level; wavelet transform; periodicity; hydroclimatology; teleconnection; Turkey

Critical Drought Analysis: Case Study of Göksu River (Turkey) and North Atlantic Oscillation Influences

by Ercan Kahya

Seasonal prediction of extreme precipitation events, and frequency of rainy days for ASO over the Pacific and Caribbean slopes of Central America using Canonical Correlation Analysis.

by Eric Alfaro

Maldonado, T. y E. Alfaro, 2011. Predicción estacional para ASO de eventos extremos y días con precipitación sobre las vertientes Pacífico y Caribe de América Central, utilizando análisis de correlación canónica. Revista Intersedes.13 (24), 78-108.

Models were generated based on Canonical Correlation Analysis for prediction of extreme precipitation events during... more Models were generated based on Canonical Correlation Analysis for prediction of extreme precipitation events during August-September-October (ASO), using as predictor the Sea
Surface Temperature (SST) due to the hydrological response of the SST anomalies over the isthmus, and as predictant, the accumulated monthly rainfall, days with precipitation, the percentage of days exceeding the 80th percentile (extreme wet) and the percentage of days that do not exceed the 10th percentile (dry extreme). It was found that using the July SST properly relate ENOS and AMO events with the prediction of precipitation extremes for ASO.

Kompression von Eisschichten

by Julian Weninger

Die Kompression von Eisschichten -
mathematisches Modell und Rückschlüsse auf Klimaereignisse und... more Die Kompression von Eisschichten -
mathematisches Modell und Rückschlüsse auf Klimaereignisse und Klimaverhältnisse.
Untersuchungen am Beispiel von GISP2.

Climate and subsurface sea temperature in Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica

by Eric Alfaro

Alfaro, E., J. Cortés, J. Alvarado, C. Jiménez, C. Sánchez, J. Nivia, A. León y E. Ruiz, 2012. Clima y temperatura sub-superfical del mar en Bahía Culebra, Golfo de Papagayo, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Supl. 2), 159-171.

Bahía Culebra, Golfo de
Papagayo, Costa Rica is a seasonal upwelling area. To determine the relationship of... more Bahía Culebra, Golfo de
Papagayo, Costa Rica is a seasonal upwelling area. To determine the relationship of climate and the subsurface
temperature variability at Bahía Culebra, we analyzed nine records of sea subsurface temperature from the Bay,
continuously recorded from 1998 to 2010. The analysis characterized the annual cycle and explored the influ-
ence of different climate variability sources on the subsurface sea temperature and air temperature recorded in
Bahía Culebra. Data from an automatic meteorological station in the bay were studied, obtaining the annual and
daily cycle for air surface temperature and wind speed. Sea surface temperature (SST) trend from 1854 to 2011
was calculated from reanalysis for the region that coverts 9-11°N, 85-87°W. Because of the positive SST trend
identified in this region, results showed that annual and daily cycles in Bahía Culebra should be studied under
a warming scenario since 1854, that is coherent with the global warming results and its climate variability is
influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Equatorial Pacific and by atmospheric forcing trig-
gered by climate variability with Atlantic Ocean origin, because warm (cold) events in Bahía Culebra tend to
occur in concordance with positive & negative (negative & positive) anomalies in Niño 3.4 (NAO) index. Rev.
Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 2): 159-171.

Atmospheric forcing of cool subsurface water events in Bahía Culebra, Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica

by Eric Alfaro

Alfaro, E. y J. Cortés, 2012. Atmospheric forcing of cool subsurface water events in Bahía Culebra, Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Supl. 2), 173-186.

Bahía Culebra, at Gulf of Papagayo on the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica, is an area of seasonal
upwelling... more Bahía Culebra, at Gulf of Papagayo on the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica, is an area of seasonal
upwelling where more intense cooling events may occur during some boreal winter weeks mainly. To study these
extreme cool events, records of nine sea subsurface temperature stations from 1998 to 2010 were analyzed. Five
events associated with extremely cool temperatures in this region were identified from these records and taken
as study cases. Sea temperatures decreased about 8-9oC during these events and occurred while cold fronts were
present in the Caribbean, with strong trade wind conditions over Central America. These strong wind conditions
may have favored the offshore displacement of the sea surface water. The axis of Bahía Culebra runs northeast-
southwest, a condition that favors and triggers cool water events, mainly because the displaced water is replaced
by water from deeper levels. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 2): 173-186.

Natura y Cultura. Habitabilidad de la Arquitectura del México Antiguo: Entre la Selva Tropical y el Desierto

by Adolfo Gomez Amador

Co-auhtored with Armando Alcántara Lomelí, Published in "Arquitectura y Urbanismo del Desierto", Universidad de Sonora

Klimat, missväxt och extremt väder 1830–1920

by Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist

Published in Bo Stråth (ed.), Sveriges historia 6: 1830–1920 (Stockholm: Norstedts, 2012): 289–292 [popular science].

La Cote d'Azur: The terre privilegie of Invalids and Artists, c. 1860--1900

by Tania Woloshyn

Coastal Recirculation in Israel and Its Effect on the Disperssion of Air Pollutants

by Ilan Levy

PhD dissertation, Hebrew University of Israel

ESTUDO DO CLIMA DE CAMPINAS: A DIFICULDADE DE CARACTERIZAÇÃO E PROPOSIÇÃO DE RECOMENDAÇÕES DE PROJETO PARA CLIMAS …

by Doris Kowaltowski

2006 More examples of early 20th-century descriptions of teleconnection

by Marek Nowosad

Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Volume 15, Number 3, June 2006 , pp. 327-330(4)

English:
Some papers on the history of the study of teleconnections over the Atlantic Ocean and Europe have... more English:
Some papers on the history of the study of teleconnections over the Atlantic Ocean and Europe have already been published (e.g. Loewe 1937, 1966; van Loon and Rogers, 1978; Wanner et al., 2001; Stephenson et al., 2003). The article presents more examples of the knowledge of the correlations between atmospheric pressure distributions over the North Atlantic and the character of winters in Europe, described in two studies published in 1914/1915 in Polish. Klein's (1915) book contains a passage about winter temperatures being made milder by "western sea winds" brought over Europe and connected with the combined influence of the "Icelandic minimum" and the "Azores maximum". On the other hand, Merecki (1914) in his "Climatology of the Polish Lands" points out that the atmospheric pressure in Ponta Delgada and Stykkisholm is connected with the thermal conditions of the winter months in Warsaw. These are two more studies which demonstrate a relatively early recognition of the relationship between the distribution of air pressure over the Atlantic and the character of winters in Europe.

German:
Eine Reihe der die Forschungsgeschichte von Telekonnektionen über dem Nordatlantik und Europa betreffenden Aufsätze wurden veröffentlicht (Loewe 1937, 1966; van Loon and Rogers, 1978; Wanner et al., 2001; Stephenson et al., 2003). Im Artikel werden weitere Beispiele des Wissens über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Luftdruckverteilung über dem Nordatlantik mit dem Wintercharakter in Europa dargestellt, die in zwei in den Jahren 1914/1915 auf Polnisch veröffentlichten Aufsätzen beschrieben wurden. Das Buch von Klein (1915) beinhaltet einen Abschnitt über die ,,Milderung der Wintertemperatur durch,, westliche Seewinde, die über Europa geführt und mit dem Einfluss des isländischen Minimums und des Azoren-Maximums verbunden sind. Merecki (1914) stellt dagegen im Buch ,,Klimatologie von Polen dar, wie der Luftdruck in Ponta Delgada und Stykkisholm mit der Lufttemperatur von Wintermonaten in Warschau zusammenhängen. Das sind weitere Aufsätze, die relativ früh von den Abhängigkeiten zwischen der Luftdruckverteilung über dem Atlantik mit dem Wintercharakter in Europa berichten.

2011 The influence of the land use on the local climate with the special regard to the mountain areas (in Polish)

by Marek Nowosad

Wpływ zagospodarowania terenu na klimat lokalny ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem obszarów górskich. Summary: The influence of the land use on the local climate with the special regard to the mountain areas. Roczniki Bieszczadzkie, 19, 261-272.

The analysis of the situations when the land use can change the local climatic conditions is the aim of the paper.... more The analysis of the situations when the land use can change the local climatic conditions is the aim of the paper. Some examples of the human influence upon the local climate are presented. The examples concern the matters connected with changes of the components of heat balance as well as the change of the chemical composition of air by the emission of the pollutions. The transformations of the surface lead to the changes of albedo, as well as to the changes of the possibility of infiltration and evaporation of the water. This influences the changes of weather conditions in the local scale. The thermal
inversions are noticed, especially in the bottoms of valleys. It can worsen the quality of the air under the inversion layer. The pollutions play the important role if they are emitted under this layer.
Key words: local climate, mountain climate, heat balance, temperature inversion, air pollution, land use.

2010 A comparison of the annual courses of the index of variability of circulation types: the example of the Hess-Brezowsky classification

by Marek Nowosad

Annales UMCS sec. B, Volume 65, Number 2 / 2010, Volume 65, 109-115, DOI 10.2478/v10066-010-0025-1

The values for April, May and November were positive for both 50-years periods.
The mean season index values are... more The values for April, May and November were positive for both 50-years periods.
The mean season index values are positive for Spring (0,35 and 0,37 σ for 1st and 2nd part of the 20th century) and negative for Winter (–0,13 and –0,25 σ). The mean values for Autumn were 0,32 σ (1901-1950) and –0,18 σ (1951-2000), as well as for Summer –0,51 σ and 0,02 σ. The index of variability of circulation types achieves larger values for Spring and Autumn than for Summer and Winter. This suggests, that the changeability of structure of the types of circulation is greater in Spring and Autumn than in Summer and Winter. This changeability decreased in Autumn, while it grew up in Summer during the 2nd half of the 20th century in comparison to the first half.

Tropical cyclone ocurrences in the caribbean sea and their impact on Central America (Ocurrencia de ciclones tropicales en el Mar Caribe y sus impactos sobre Centroamérica), Spanish

by Eric Alfaro

Alfaro, E. & A. Quesada, 2010. Ocurrencia de ciclones tropicales en el Mar Caribe y sus impactos sobre Centroamérica. Revista Intersedes, 11(22), 136-153.

The study defined years with high and low tropical cyclone impacts in Costa Rica related to
tropical cyclone... more The study defined years with high and low tropical cyclone impacts in Costa Rica related to
tropical cyclone ocurrences in the Caribbean Sea during 1948-2007. Costa Rica has a detailed
disaster data base with information about the tropical cyclone impacts on different population
locations and socioeconomic sectors that allowed its study during the last six decades. The
analysis showed a trend in the annual number of impacts related with hydrometeorological
causes that cannot be explained by climate trends only. It means that other variables like those
related with socioeconomic aspects should be included in the analysis to explain this variability
and their associated impacts.

Biogeography of European land mammals shows environmentally distinct and spatially coherent clusters

by Jussi Eronen

Aim: To produce a spatial clustering of Europe on the basis of species occurrence data for the land mammal fauna. more Aim: To produce a spatial clustering of Europe on the basis of species occurrence data for the land mammal fauna.

Location: Europe defined by the following boundaries: 11°W, 32°E, 71°N, 35°N.

Methods: Presence/absence records of mammal species collected by the Societas Europaea Mammalogica with a resolution of 50 · 50 km were used in the
analysis. After pre-processing, the data provide information on 124 species in 2183 grid cells. The data were clustered using the k-means and probabilistic
expectation maximization (EM) clustering algorithms. The resulting geographical pattern of clusters was compared against climate variables and against an
environmental stratification of Europe based on climate, geomorphology and soil characteristics (EnS).

Results: The mammalian presence/absence data divide naturally into clusters, which are highly connected spatially and most strongly determined by the small
mammals with the highest grid cell incidence. The clusters reflect major physiographic and environmental features and differ significantly in the values of
basic climate variables. The geographical pattern is a fair match for the EnS stratification and is robust between non-overlapping subsets of the data, such as
trophic groups.

Main conclusions: The pattern of clusters is regarded as reflecting the spatial expression of biologically distinct, metacommunity-like entities influenced by
deterministic forces ultimately related to the physical environment. Small mammals give the most spatially coherent clusters of any subgroup, while large
mammals show stronger relationships to climate variables. The spatial pattern is mainly due to small mammals with high grid cell incidence and is robust to noise from other subsets. The results support the use of spatially resolved environmental reconstructions based on fossil mammal data, especially when
based on species with the highest incidence.