Investigation of Shelf Life of Potency and Activity of the Lactobacilli Produced Bacteriocins Through Their Exposure to Various Physicochemical Stress Factors
published in Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins
2012, DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9102-2 by Springer
Three Lactobacilli strains, Lactobacillus casei NCIMB 11970, Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8014, Lactobacillus lactis... more Three Lactobacilli strains, Lactobacillus casei NCIMB 11970, Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8014, Lactobacillus lactis NCIMB 8586 have been used for the production of bacteriocins. Though, their production phase, their biochemical nature, their mode of activity even their genetic structure have been widely investigated, there are hardly any studies investigating their potency and activity in depth of time, in other words their shelf life under several physicochemical conditions that may occur during their production in large scale. As such, the effect of several factors influencing the activity and the potency of bacteriocins when produced in large scale was examined as due to bacteriocins peptide nature degradation or denaturation might occur, under extreme physicochemical conditions. During scale-up process, differences between the output data may occur, such as concerning biomass, metabolic by-products and limiting substrate concentrations. These may affect negatively the activity and the potency of the bacteriocins. For investigating these effects and minimizing them, numerous studies were conducted, which were related to the exact phase of the production of these substances, the effect of dilution and temperature changes. These studies could be used in order to minimize the scaling-up effect when decided to produce these peptides in large scale.
A Comparison of the Environmental Impact of Jersey Compared with Holstein Milk for Cheese Production
Published in the Journal of Dairy Science, 2012
The objective of this study was to compare the environmental impact of Jersey or Holstein milk production sufficient... more The objective of this study was to compare the environmental impact of Jersey or Holstein milk production sufficient to yield 500,000 t of cheese (equivalent cheese yield) both with and without recombinant bovine somatotropin use. The deterministic model used 2009 DairyMetrics (Dairy Records Management Systems, Raleigh, NC) population data for milk yield and com- position (Jersey: 20.9 kg/d, 4.8% fat, 3.7% protein; Holstein: 29.1 kg/d, 3.8% fat, 3.1% protein), age at first calving, calving interval, and culling rate. Each population contained lactating and dry cows, bulls, and herd replacements for which rations were formulated according to DairyPro (Agricultural Modeling and Training Systems, Cornell, Ithaca, NY) at breed- appropriate body weights (BW), with mature cows weighing 454 kg (Jersey) or 680 kg (Holstein). Resource inputs included feedstuffs, water, land, fertilizers, and fossil fuels. Waste outputs included manure and green- house gas emissions. Cheese yield (kg) was calculated according to the Van Slyke equation. A yield of 500,000 t of cheese required 4.94 billion kg of Holstein milk compared with 3.99 billion kg of Jersey milk—a direct consequence of differences in milk nutrient density (fat and protein contents) between the 2 populations. The reduced daily milk yield of Jersey cows increased the population size required to supply sufficient milk for the required cheese yield, but the differential in BW between the Jersey and Holstein breeds reduced the body mass of the Jersey population by 125 × 103 t. Consequently, the population energy requirement was reduced by 7,177 × 106 MJ, water use by 252 × 109 L, and cropland use by 97.5 × 103 ha per 500,000 t of cheese yield. Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion were reduced by 17,234 and 1,492 t, respectively, through the use of Jersey milk to yield 500,000 t of Cheddar cheese. The carbon footprint was reduced by 1,662 × 103 t of CO2-equivalents per 500,000 t of cheese in Jersey cows compared with Holsteins. Use of recombinant bovine somatotropin reduced resource use and waste output in supplemented populations, with decreases in carbon footprint equivalent to 10.0% (Jersey) and 7.5% (Hol- stein) compared with non-supplemented populations. The interaction between milk nutrient density and BW demonstrated by the Jersey population overcame the reduced daily milk yield, thus reducing resource use and environmental impact. This reduction was achieved through 2 mechanisms: diluting population maintenance overhead through improved milk nutrient density and reducing maintenance overhead through a reduction in productive and nonproductive body mass within the population.
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Seen by:GA.KIN.AG EMṢU im Hethitischen by Elifta Fritzsche
published in: AoF 38 (2011), 15–62. - If you are interested in a PDF of my paper, please ask me at frieli@zedat.fu-berlin.de.
Abstract
The Akkadogram EMṢU, meaning “sour” in Akkadian, frequently occurs in Hittite texts either... more
Abstract
The Akkadogram EMṢU, meaning “sour” in Akkadian, frequently occurs in Hittite texts either directly before or (more often) after the Sumerogram GA.KIN.AG “cheese”. H. Zimmern proposed as part of a lexical article that in this context EMṢU should be translated as “Hefe”, adding F. Sommer’s tentative suggestion “oder Lab?”. Over the years, for reasons unknown, F. Sommer’s free association became the most accepted translation. The present paper evaluates the plausibility of F. Sommer’s proposal, discussing the related realia and examining the results when applied to Hittite texts of different genres. In taking up H. Zimmern’s suggestion, I propose a broader lexical range of “baking agent”, thus yielding a new translation for the noun EMṢU in Hittite texts, namely “sourdough”.
Read More: http://www.oldenbourg-link.com/doi/abs/10.1524/aofo.2011.0002
147 views
Seen by: and 7 moreUltrasonic assessment of fresh cheese composition
Telis-Romero J, Váquiro H.A., Bon J. , Benedito J. Journal of Food Engineering. Volume 103, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 137-146
Fresh cheese composition was assessed by measuring ultrasonic velocity in cheese and cheese blends at different... more Fresh cheese composition was assessed by measuring ultrasonic velocity in cheese and cheese blends at different temperatures. Twenty types of commercial, fresh cheeses with fat contents ranging from 0.2% to 17.6% w.b. were analyzed. Ultrasonic velocity was not only heavily dependent on the composition of the cheese but also on its structure. Based on the different effect temperature has on velocity in water and fat, a semi-empirical model was used to estimate the cheese composition from velocity measurements at six temperatures ranging from 3 to 29 °C. The model provided good results for the assessment of the fat (R2 = 0.984/0.996; RMSE = 4.6/1.1 for whole and blended cheese, respectively) and water (R2 = 0.964/0.995; RMSE = 6.5/0.7 for whole and blended cheese, respectively) content. The ultrasonic measurements could be carried out during the cooling process that takes place after curdling and used as a quality control tool to detect process anomalies in-line.
De caseo faciendo
published in Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu (1330-0644) 27 (2010); 171-176
The find of a vessel intepreted as a mould/strainer for cheese inspired us to attempt a compartive reconstruction of... more The find of a vessel intepreted as a mould/strainer for cheese inspired us to attempt a compartive reconstruction of the cheese - making process in the Roman period and the home- made cheese production of today.
The strange birth of liberal Denmark: Danish trade protection and the growth of the dairy industry since the mid‐nineteenth century
by Markus Lampe
co-authored with Ingrid Henriksen and Paul Sharp - forthcoming in the Economic History Review - Early view: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00595.x/ab
The usual story of the “first era of globalization” at the end of the nineteenth century sees Denmark as something as... more The usual story of the “first era of globalization” at the end of the nineteenth century sees Denmark as something as an outlier: a country which, like Britain, resisted the globalization backlash in the wake of the inflow of cheap grain from the New World, but where agriculture, rather than going into decline, in fact flourished. Key to the success of Danish agriculture was an early diversification towards dairy production. We dispute this simple story which sees Denmark as something of a liberal paragon. Denmark’s success owed much to a prudent use of trade policy which favoured dairy production. Moreover, this favouritism continued even after a more general movement to free trade in the 1860s. Using micro‐level data from individual dairies, we quantify the implied subsidy to dairy production from the tariffs, and demonstrate that this in many cases ensured the profitability of individual dairies.
Development of a suitable growth strategy for intensive propagation and lactic acid production of selected strains of Lactobacilli
Published on the CHISA2010 ECCE Conference Proceedings 2010 ISBN:987-80-02-02210-7
Development of a suitable growth strategy for intensive propagation and lactic acid production of selected strains of... more
Development of a suitable growth strategy for intensive propagation and lactic acid production of selected strains of Lactobacilli
M.P.Zacharof¹, R.W. Lovitt² and K. Ratanapongleka ³
Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK¹
School of Engineering, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK²
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Rajathanee University, Ubon Rajathanee 34190, Thailand³
Abstract
Lactobacilli belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the food industry nowadays. These microorganisms have several distinguishing abilities such as the production of lactic acid, enzymes such as β-galactosidase and natural antimicrobial substances called bacteriocins. They are mainly used as a natural acidifier for the inoculation of bulk quantities of milk and vegetables in order to produce a variety of fermented products. As such, large quantities of their biomass and the end products of their metabolism are necessary. The possibility of producing these substances in mass quantities will be investigated through several techniques. The selected Lactobacilli, L.plantarum NCIMB 8014, L.casei NCIMB 11970, L.lactis NCIMB 8586 and L.delbruckii NCIMB 11778 were grown into simple batch cultures without pH control where their physicochemical needs were determined. Through the determination of the optimum nutritional conditions for the propagation of the Lactobacilli, an optimised medium for growth occurred.
The growth efficiency on the medium was tested on a 2L STR reactor operated batch wise with continuous pH control. The optimum pH conditions for the growth of the bacilli were determined as well as parameters such as cellular yield coefficient, substrate and starter inoculum concentration and lactic acid rate and production. The metabolism of the Lactobacilli was determined as homofermentative, mainly producing lactic acid.
The efficiency of the optimized medium was evaluated in terms of growth rate and doubling time through the spectrophotometric measurement of cellular biomass.
Keywords: LAB, STR, Growth rate, Doubling time, lactic acid, nutrient medium
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Seen by:Development of a suitable growth strategy for intensive propagation and lactic acid production of selected strains of Lactobacilli
Presented in 8th Green Chemistry Conference. AN INTERNATIONAL EVENT Zaragoza - Spain, 2009
Development of a suitable growth strategy for intensive propagation and lactic acid production from selected strains... more
Development of a suitable growth strategy for intensive propagation and lactic acid production from selected strains of Lactobacilli
M.P.Zacharof¹, R.W. Lovitt² and K. Ratanapongleka ³
Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK¹
School of Engineering, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK²
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Rajathanee University, Ubon Rajathanee 34190, Thailand³
Abstract
Lactobacilli belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the food industry nowadays. These microorganisms have several distinguishing abilities such as the production of lactic acid, enzymes such as β-galactosidase and natural antimicrobial substances called bacteriocins. They are mainly used as a natural acidifier for the inoculation of bulk quantities of milk and vegetables in order to produce a variety of fermented products. As such, large quantities of their biomass and the end products of their metabolism are necessary. The possibility of producing these substances in mass quantities will be investigated through several techniques. The selected Lactobacilli, L.plantarum NCIMB 8014, L.casei NCIMB 11970, L.lactis NCIMB 8586 and L.delbruckii NCIMB 11778 were grown into simple batch cultures without pH control where their physicochemical needs were determined. Through the determination of the optimum nutritional conditions for the propagation of the Lactobacilli, an optimised medium for growth occurred.
The growth efficiency on the medium was tested on a 2L STR reactor operated batch wise with continuous pH control. The optimum pH conditions for the growth of the bacilli were determined as well as parameters such as cellular yield coefficient, substrate and starter inoculum concentration and lactic acid rate and production. The metabolism of the Lactobacilli was determined as homofermentative, mainly producing lactic acid.
The efficiency of the optimized medium was evaluated in terms of growth rate and doubling time through the spectrophotometric measurement of cellular biomass.
Keywords: LAB, STR, Growth rate, Doubling time, lactic acid, nutrient medium
78 views
Seen by:The importance of Lactobacilli in contemporary food and pharmaceutical industry A review article
Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Applications (CCEA 2010) Singapore, 26-28 February, 2010 ISBN13: 978-1-84626-023-0
Abstract
Fermentation technology has been a widely researched and exploited field of the science of... more
Abstract
Fermentation technology has been a widely researched and exploited field of the science of biotechnology. Through out the recent years the vast majority of microbial groups have been tested for the production of beneficial compounds especially for the replacement of products produced by petrol such as lactic acid. A bacterial group that heavily attracts attention due to its products are Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and especially Lactobacilli. Lactobacilli are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industry nowadays. These microorganisms have several distinguishing features based on their main ability to ferment carbohydrates such as the production of acids, enzymes and natural antimicrobial substances called bacteriocins. They are mainly used as natural acidifiers for the inoculation of bulk quantities of milk and vegetables in order to produce a variety of fermented products. As such, large quantities of their biomass and the end products of their metabolism are necessary. In this article some of the most important uses of Lactobacilli in the industry will be reviewed. Emphasis will be given in the production of lactic acid, β-galactosidase and lantibiotics through the usage of modern fermentation technology.
Keywords: LAB, fermentation technology, food industry, β-galactosidase, lactic acid,
Optimization of growth conditions for intensive propagation, growth development and lactic acid production of selected strains of Lactobacilli
Paper Presented in Chemeca 2009 27–30 September 2009 Burswood Entertainment Complex, Perth, Australia
Optimization of growth conditions for intensive propagation, growth development and lactic acid production of selected... more
Optimization of growth conditions for intensive propagation, growth development and lactic acid production of selected strains of Lactobacilli
M.P.Zacharof¹, R.W. Lovitt² and K. Ratanapongleka ³
Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK¹
School of Engineering, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK²
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ubon Rajathanee University, Ubon Rajathanee 34190, Thailand³
Abstract
Lactobacilli belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the food industry These microorganisms have several distinguishing abilities such as the production of lactic acid, enzymes such as β-galactosidase and natural antimicrobial substances called bacteriocins. They are mainly used as a natural acidifier for the inoculation of bulk quantities of milk and vegetables in order to produce a variety of fermented products. As such, large quantities of their biomass and the end products of their metabolism are necessary. The possibility of producing these substances in mass quantities was investigated through several techniques. Selected Lactobacilli, L.plantarum NCIMB 8014, L.casei NCIMB 11970, L.lactis NCIMB 8586 and L.delbruckii NCIMB 11778 were grown into batch cultures without pH control where their physicochemical needs were determined. Through the determination of the optimum nutritional conditions for the propagation of the Lactobacilli, an optimised medium for growth was developed. The efficiency of the medium was tested in a 2L STR reactor operated batch wise with continuous pH control. The optimum pH conditions for the growth of the bacilli were determined as well as parameters such as cellular yield coefficient, substrate and starter inoculum concentration and lactic acid rate and production. The metabolism of the Lactobacilli was determined as homofermentative, mainly producing lactate. Efficiency of the optimized medium was evaluated in terms of growth rate and doubling time through the spectrophotometric measurement of cellular biomass. The medium strongly supports the growth of the Lactobacilli giving a growth rate between 0.22 to 0.32 h-1
Keywords: LAB, STR, Growth rate, Doubling time, lactic acid, nutrient medium
Contemporary Laboratory Methods for Separation and Purification of Organic Macromolecules A review article
Published in International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Vol.1, No.1, July 2010 ISSN: 2078-0737
Abstract
Nowadays, there are several laboratory methods suitable for separation and purification of a wide range... more
Abstract
Nowadays, there are several laboratory methods suitable for separation and purification of a wide range of
chemical substances of commercial interest from mixtures. These assays include filtration, precipitation, high
precision dynamic light scattering (DLS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The main
advantage of these methods apart of their cost effectiveness is their suitability for separation, sizing and purification
of a wide range of organic substances such as proteins, oligo- and polypeptides , enzymes, antibiotics, dyes, lipids,
oils and in general non volatile organic compounds produced either by in vitro synthesis or biotechnologically. In
this study, a description of these techniques will follow and several examples of their use will be given.
Keywords: Filtration, Laboratory techniques, Chromatography, Proteins, Separation,
Purification, Membranes, Pore size
Development of an optimised growth strategy for intensive propagation, lactic acid and bacteriocin production of selected strains of Lactobacilli genus
Published in International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 1, June 2010 ISSN: 2010-0221
Abstract -
Lactobacilli belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the food industry... more
Abstract -
Lactobacilli belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the food industry nowadays. These microorganisms have several distinguishing abilities such as the production of lactic acid, enzymes such as β-galactosidase and natural antimicrobial substances called bacteriocins. They are mainly used as a natural acidifier for the inoculation of bulk quantities of milk and vegetables in order to produce a variety of fermented products. As such, large quantities of their biomass and the end products of their metabolism are necessary. The possibility of producing these substances in mass quantities will be investigated through several techniques. The selected Lactobacilli, L.plantarum NCIMB 8014, L.casei NCIMB 11970, L.lactis NCIMB 8586were grown into simple batch cultures without pH control where their physicochemical needs were determined. Through the determination of the optimum nutritional conditions for the propagation of the Lactobacilli, an optimised medium for growth occurred. The optimum pH conditions for the growth of the bacilli were determined as well as parameters such as cellular yield coefficient, substrate and starter inoculums concentration and lactic acid rate and production. The metabolism of the Lactobacilli was determined as homofermentative, mainly producing lactic acid. The efficiency of the medium combining al the optimised parameters, enhancing the productivity biomass and therefore bacteriocins production from the strains, was tested on a 2L STR reactor operated batch wise with continuous pH control. A simple liquid turbidometric method was developed to test the bacteriocin productivity of the selected bacteria. The activity and potency of the bacteriocin produced was tested against L.delbruckii subsp.lactis NCIMB 8117.
Index Terms-Doubling time, Growth rate, Lactic acid, Nisin
A novel growth strategy for propagation and bacteriocin production of Lactobacilli
Posted Presented in 8th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, Montreal Canada 2009
A novel growth strategy for propagation and bacteriocin production of Lactobacilli
M.P.Zacharof¹ and R.W.... more
A novel growth strategy for propagation and bacteriocin production of Lactobacilli
M.P.Zacharof¹ and R.W. Lovitt²
Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK¹
School of Engineering, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Center, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK²
Abstract
Lactobacilli belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the dairy industry nowadays. The bacteria are used as a natural acidifier for the inoculation of bulk quantities of milk and vegetables in order to produce a variety of fermented products. As such, large quantities of their biomass are necessary. Furthermore they produce natural antimicrobial substances during their growth, called bacteriocins. The possibility of producing these substances in mass quantities will be investigated through several techniques. The selected Lactobacilli, L.plantarum NCIMB 8014, L.casei NCIMB 11970 and L.lactis NCIMB 8586 were grown into simple batch cultures without pH control where their physicochemical needs were determined. Through the determination of the optimum nutritional conditions for the propagation of the Lactobacilli, an optimised medium for growth occurred.
The metabolism of the Lactobacilli was determined as homofermentative, mainly producing lactic acid. A simple liquid turbidometric method was developed to test the bacteriocin productivity of the selected bacteria. The efficiency and potency of the bacteriocin produced was tested against L.delbruckii subsp.lactis NCIMB 8117.
The optimised medium was further filtrated via membrane modules of 4 and 30 kDa and autoclaved. The medium’s efficiency in supporting the growth and the bacteriocin production of the bacilli was tested and comparative studies between filtrated and unfiltrated media were done.
Keywords: LAB, Bacteriocins, Target strain, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, Growth rate, Doubling time
