Non-verbal persuasion and communication in an affective agent
Andre, E., Bevacqua, E., Heylen, D., Niewiadomski, R., Poggi, I., Pelachaud, C., Peters, C., and Rehm, M. "Non-verbal persuasion and communication in an affective agent". In P. Petta, C. Pelachaud and R. Cowie (Eds.), Emotion-Oriented Systems: The Humaine Handbook, pp. 585-608, Cognitive Technologies Series, Springer, January 2011 isbn:978-3-642-15183-5
Bibtex avaialble here: http://www.coventry.ac.uk/ec/~cpeters/bibtex/bibtex.html#HandbookPersu
This chapter deals with the communication of persuasion. Only a small percentage of communication involves words: as... more This chapter deals with the communication of persuasion. Only a small percentage of communication involves words: as the old saying goes, “it’s not what you say, it’s how you say it”. While this likely underestimates the importance of good verbal persuasion techniques, it is accurate in underlining the critical role of non-verbal behaviour during face-to-face communication. In this chapter we restrict the discussion to body language. We also consider embodied virtual agents. As is the case with humans, there are a number of fundamental factors to be considered when constructing persuasive agents. In particular, one who wishes to persuade must appear credible, trustworthy, confident and non-threatening. Knowing how not to behave is also a vital basis for effective persuasion. This includes resolving task constraints or other factors with the social perception considerations. These social virtual agents face many of the same problems as humans have in controlling and expressing themselves in an appropriate manner so as to establish and maintain persuasive interaction. All along the chapter, much of our discussion will handle concepts applicable both to agent and human behaviour.
Expressive copying behavior for socially interacting machines: A perceptual analysis
Castellano, G., Mancini, M., Peters, C., and McOwan, P. W. "Expressive copying behavior for socially interacting machines: A perceptual analysis", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, to appear: 2012 doi: 10.1109 / TSMCA.2011.2172415
Successful human interaction commonly involves prototypical exchanges where interactors are engaged, synchronized and... more Successful human interaction commonly involves prototypical exchanges where interactors are engaged, synchronized and harmonious in their behaviors. The copying of aspects of the other’s behavior, at different levels, seems central to establishing and maintaining such empathic connections. Yet many questions remain unanswered, in particular, how it is possible to reflect the same affective content back to the other when the actual motion itself is not exactly the same as theirs. This work presents a perceptual study in which emotional gestures conducted by an actor were mapped onto synthesized versions generated by an embodied virtual agent. Copying is at the expressive level, where qualities such as the fluidity or expansiveness of gestures are considered, rather than exact lowlevel motion matching. Participants were later asked to rate the emotional content of video recordings of both the original and the synthesized gestures. A statistical analysis shows that, in most cases, participants associated the emotional content of the agent’s gestures with that intended to be expressed by the original actor. The results suggest that a combination of the type of movement performed and its quality are important for successfully communicating emotions.
Mnemosyne, Metaphor and Theory of Mind An Imaginative Visual Essay of Computionalism
Transtechnology Research • Reader 2011 Plymouth University
This essay will explore historic principles of a Computational Theory of Mind and metaphor as a cognitive process. The... more
This essay will explore historic principles of a Computational Theory of Mind and metaphor as a cognitive process. The conceptual metaphor developed by Lakoff and Johnson states that “our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of how we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature” (1980, p. 3) to define our representational system and understand the natural world. Computational Theory of Mind is a historical view in philosophy in which the human mind ought to be conceived as an information processing system, considering that thought is a form of computation. Externalist theory versions are explored in this essay also, highlighting the tension between central dilemmas and different notions on the subject. Informed by the way that Warburg proposed to represent part of the history of art through juxtaposed images, this essay seeks to open up the possibility to reflect on the history of Computational Theory of Mind, using metaphors and juxtaposed images and will result in visual insights in to the detriment of exclusively textual as evidenced by Warburg in his Mnemosyne Atlas.
One of Warburg’s contributions to the history of art through the Mnemosyne Atlas, a contribution which later became more explicit in a science of images, was based on diametrically opposed criteria rather than a pure formalism, and broke with the continuum of art history’s traditionally established chronological and hermetic hierarchy. Warburg positioned images to uncover the polarity of the form within incidental ephemera, such as postage stamps and printed materials, constructing imaginative metaphors and uncovering the interpretative energy within them, making metaphor underlying for the work that he proposed. Through his unfinished Mnemosyne Atlas, Warburg practised a polarised iconography through images meticulously juxtaposed, reconfiguring the production of human knowledge and understanding, and questioning the meaning of images, as evidenced by the emotive potential each project gathered in his unfinished Atlas (Grau, 2004).
This essay will deal with the following key topics: Computationalism, Functionalism, Behaviourism, Connectionism, Embodiment and Enactivism.
Although the function of the essay is to explore aspects of Computational Theory of Mind it will not be completely detached from the personal/authorial view of the author.
Creatures in Captivity and Ethics
Prisons. Factory States. Low-Wage Workers. Child Sex Trade. Animal Abuse for: Clothing, Entertainment and Food. I... more Prisons. Factory States. Low-Wage Workers. Child Sex Trade. Animal Abuse for: Clothing, Entertainment and Food. I really could go on with other outlets of injust captivity, but this covers some major ones.
Anti-Social Engineering the Hyper-Manipulated Self
by Brian Taylor
When one does philosophy, one dismantles strings of concepts into their respective parts to examine both the parts... more
When one does philosophy, one dismantles strings of concepts into their respective parts to examine both the parts themselves and the relationships the parts have with each other. This semantic reduction provides us the best possible opportunities for finding truth. This was exactly the type of skill Brian Taylor needed to write his new book Anti-Social Engineering the Hyper-Manipulated Self, postpaper publishing, ISBN: 978-0-557-99909-5 http://stores.lulu.com/postpaper
The book began as a series of blogged essays in a response to the “Authenticity” movement presented by the like of Eckhart Tolle, Andrew Cohen and to a lesser extent, Dr. Phil. These men, and others, were coming to conclusions on the idea of authenticity that were, among other things, subjective fallacies, rife with interpretation and possibly counterproductive. On the other side of the coin we had skeptical guru Michael Shermer or perhaps Richard Dawkins making up one half of the “four horseman of the non-apocalypse.” These men, “scientists,” were and still are guilty of the same faults as their spiritual counterparts, interpretations rather than knowledge. Brian Taylor wanted to know, “Are there any actual answers in the arena of the self and its power?” As it turns out, reality is far stranger than ever before known and we actually know so much less than we think we do, if it can be said that we know anything authentically, at all.
After four years of research into our ideas about the self through the ages, the sciences of the self and what the self is, this book comes to the conclusion that the modern self, you and I today, are not only manipulated, but that manipulation is sought out, required and pre-programmed. This is a book about how we are all being intentionally hyper-manipulated without our knowledge, by whom and to what end.
To “anti-social engineer” is to counter this phenomenon of modernity through critical consciousness, dubbed “assignee's prerogative.” This self direction is aimed toward eudaemonia, which is an Aristotelian idea roughly meaning “happiness and promotion,” and it is further suggested that virtue is found in the mean between excess and deficiency, in these concerns. This sounds rather simple in such a paragraph form, rest assured, chasing the meanings and relationships of these ideas to any philosophical depth requires a maze of rabbit holes and someone to guide you through them. Taylor is nothing if not thorough in this regard.
Entertaining, personal, conversational, exact and profound, this book has a strange undercurrent, almost a charge running through it. Most clearly defined in it's most opinionated moments, there is a subtext, not a call to arms but to a social contract. Taylor says, throughout the book, that it is specifically battling social engineering, the command, hidden or not, “think this about that.” Yet, he too wants us to think a certain way, a centrist “golden mean,” a path of no extremes. Making an argument against his ideas is difficult, regardless of the talking points he uses. (These vary from possible moral objections we may hold for prostitution or murder, to social norms such as supporting the troops or the war on terror.) In his most controversial moments, when objectivity is at its thinnest, the author's existentialism shines through and he suggests it's better to not claim to know something than to suspect something incorrectly. The exception to this rule is when the social engineering is secret, malicious, degenerative or merely in error.
There are things that we can do anti-social engineer our hyper-manipulated selves and Taylor spells these tasks out clearly. Firstly, social engineering, be it delivered by a television commercial, ideology, civility, social construct, etc. is to be expected and recognized. Then Taylor presents us his Philosophy Generator which is described as “a dismantling of paradigm” and a way to determine if any particular social engineering is more persuasive or manipulative. If we are able to first know what it is we are deciding, then do our best possible thinking on the matter, which is what working through the Generator is for, we should be able to be confident in our decision, whatever it may be. Furthermore, given the standardization of awareness, contemplation and centrist philosophy, it should be expected that the same benefit experienced by individuals would transfer to societies.
The book ends with a chapter called “God wears a yellow hat.” It is concluded with a list of 24 interesting intentions, (23 actually, one of them is missing,) this list is not meant to be a complete index of the topics discussed, but rather an indication of the book's scope. The war on terror, the war on drugs, food transportation, consumerism, capitalism, communism, false flags, dehumanization via technology, God, 2012, patriotism, culture, globalization, human rights and religion. There is an entire chapter devoted to a reasonable discussion between the two sides divided over the conspiracies associated with September 11, 2001. This book discusses conspiracy as it dismantles thought, which is a strange dichotomy. Taylor seems to want to convince us that he is a reasonable man, with a reasonable method and if such a man can find a reasonable conspiracy, we can take the suggestion from the fringe to the mainstream. He may be right. However, this is not a conspiracy book, this is a book about thinking.
One comes away from the experience of reading this book enticed to do more and this is the goal. Anti-Social Engineering the Hyper-Manipulated Self is about taking responsibility and looking ahead, prudently. It doesn't want to take anything away from you, you're entitled to have your beliefs as the author has his. We need our beliefs and we even need social engineering, these things are part of a natural, healthy species. The dangers of our beliefs are represented by the lack of awareness of them and the inability to think critically about them. Taylor argues that, if in fact we are not thinking well about the things we believe, we are not living up to the reasonable purpose we have as human beings. This appreciation of hyper-reality and our place in it defines our authenticity and is the promise expressed by the 21st Century Enlightenment.
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Seen by: and 23 moreThe emotional gap between the elderly and the non-elderly
by Maxim Bakaev
In The 10th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems (2007)
E-business web sites were collected and evaluated by different aged subjects to detect the emotional gap between the... more E-business web sites were collected and evaluated by different aged subjects to detect the emotional gap between the elderly and non-elderly. Professional web designers, seniors, and young subjects participated in the experiment and seniors' emotional perceptions of e-business proved to be different from the perception of the non-elderly. Regression analysis indicated the higher importance of "classic" aesthetic dimensions such as Aesthetic, Clean, Clear, Pleasurable, Symmetrical compared to the "expressive" factors such as Original, Sophisticated, Fascinating, Creative, Using special effects, for the overall impression of elderly of e-business web sites.
Quantifying collective effervescence: Heart-rate dynamics at a fire-walking ritual
Collective rituals are ubiquitous and resilient features of all known human cultures. They are also functionally... more Collective rituals are ubiquitous and resilient features of all known human cultures. They are also functionally opaque, costly, and sometimes dangerous. Social scientists have speculated that collective rituals generate benefits in excess of their costs by reinforcing social bonding and group solidarity, yet quantitative evidence for these conjectures is scarce. Our recent study measured the physiological effects of a highly arousing Spanish fire-walking ritual, revealing shared patterns in heart-rate dynamics between participants and related spectators. We briefly describe our results, and consider their implications.
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Seen by:Synchronized arousal between performers and related spectators in a fire-walking ritual
co-authored with I. Konvalinka, J. Bulbulia, U. Schjødt, E-M. Jegindø, S. Wallot, G. Van Orden, and A. Roepstorff.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2011.
Collective rituals are present in all known societies, but their function is a matter of long-standing debates. Field... more Collective rituals are present in all known societies, but their function is a matter of long-standing debates. Field observations suggest that they may enhance social cohesion and that their effects are not limited to those actively performing but affect the audience as well. Here we show physiological effects of synchro- nized arousal in a Spanish fire-walking ritual, between active participants and related spectators, but not participants and other members of the audience. We assessed arousal by heart rate dynamics and applied nonlinear mathematical analysis to heart rate data obtained from 38 participants. We compared synchro- nized arousal between fire-walkers and spectators. For this comparison, we used recurrence quantification analysis on in- dividual data and cross-recurrence quantification analysis on pairs of participants’ data. These methods identified fine-grained com- monalities of arousal during the 30-min ritual between fire- walkers and related spectators but not unrelated spectators. This indicates that the mediating mechanism may be informational, because participants and related observers had very different bodily behavior. This study demonstrates that a collective ritual may evoke synchronized arousal over time between active partic- ipants and bystanders. It links field observations to a physiological basis and offers a unique approach for the quantification of social effects on human physiology during real-world interactions.
A Framework for Intelligent Persuasive Systems (Annual Report - 2010)
by Isaac Wiafe
Annual Report Annual Report
From Comfort Zone to Performance Management
Format: eDoc/eBook - PDF
ISBN: 978-2-930583-01-3
Publisher: White & MacLean Publishing, Belgium
Date: 2009
This paper seeks to take the established behavioural models relating to comfort zones, group and individual... more
This paper seeks to take the established behavioural models relating to comfort zones, group and individual development, and managing change, and use them to create a methodology for understanding and managing performance. It seeks to provide a reliable approach to getting the best out of people that is firmly based on sound behavioural and psychological principles backed up by observational data and practical field research. It is not, however, a ‘scientific’ paper full of detailed research data, complex theories and high-flown rhetoric, but rather it is a practical guide based on twenty years of consultancy in the field and eight years of teaching university students in a business school.
In understanding and managing performance, the key is the management of the stress. Both motivation and anxiety are, behaviourally, sub-sets of stress and, consequently, they are tools to assist in performance management – there will be times when motivation will be the most useful tool, while at others the introduction of anxiety will be more appropriate. However, too much motivation or anxiety will result in too much stress and this will result in performance being disabled.
The correct management style needs to be applied in each phase if performance is to be maximized. Applying the incorrect style has a negative impact on performance. In situations in which a series of performance-enhancing steps need to be taken, it is imperative to start the new performance cycle at the point at which the old performance cycle develops a slowing performance trend.
A Risk Perception Primer: A Narrative Research Review of the Risk Perception Literature In Behavioral Accounting and Behavioral Finance
Ricciardi, Victor, A Risk Perception Primer: A Narrative Research Review of the Risk Perception Literature in Behavioral Accounting and Behavioral Finance (July 20, 2004). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=566802
A significant topic within the behavioral finance literature is the notion of perceived risk pertaining to novice... more
A significant topic within the behavioral finance literature is the notion of perceived risk pertaining to novice investors (i.e. individuals, finance students) and investment professionals (i.e. financial planners, security analysts). The author provides an overview of the concepts of risk, perception, and risk perception with the financial scholar in mind. There is also a presentation on the behavioral finance concepts and themes that might influence an individual's perception of risk for different types of financial services and investment products. The next section presents a discussion of the significant risk perception research in the social sciences namely from psychology. This research work from psychology (i.e., risk perception studies in risky situations and hazardous activities) is the behavioral foundation for a substantial amount of the current contributions within the behavioral accounting and behavioral finance literature. In particular, the work of the Decision Research scholars including Paul Slovic and his co-authors on risk perception studies that have crossed over from psychology to the disciplines of behavioral accounting and behavioral finance (i.e. behavioral risk characteristics from psychology that are applied within a financial/investment decision making context).
Within the last section of this paper, the author reveals the first of its kind thorough review of the academic research studies on perceived risk/risk perception from the disciplines of behavioral accounting since 1975 and behavioral finance since the late 1960s. This literature review incorporates 12 works from behavioral accounting and 71 endeavors from behavioral finance. In addition, the behavioral finance literature review section also includes approximately 10 narrative research reviews from risk perception studies in behavioral economics. A major facet of this paper was to bring together all the previous studies in the risk perception literature for the purpose of conducting a study based on the academic foundation of the main themes, research approaches, and findings from this collection of studies.
Keywords: risk perception, perceived risk, risk analysis, behavioral risk characteristics, objective risk, subjective risk, behavioral accounting, behavioral economics, standard finance, behavioural finance, psychology, financial psychology, social sciences, risk, standard deviation, beta, Fama, French
