Anxiety

Tipos de ansiedad frente a la donación hipotética de embriones para investigación. Una aproximación desde la perspectiva de género

by Jorge Alberto Álvarez-Díaz

Trait Anxiety and Fear Responses to Safety Cues: Stimulus Generalization or Sensitization?

by Anneke Haddad

Haddad, A. D. M., Pritchett, D., Lissek, S., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2012). Trait Anxiety and Fear Responses to Safety Cues: Stimulus Generalization or Sensitization?. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 1-9.

Abnormal fear responding to threat cues may contribute to the aetiology and maintenance of persistent fears and... more Abnormal fear responding to threat cues may contribute to the aetiology and maintenance of persistent fears and pathological anxiety. Chronic anxiety may also involve abnormal fear responding to ‘safety’ cues, which do not signal danger. Yet investigations of fear responding to acquired safety cues are scarce and the basis of such responding remains unclear. Moreover, previous studies do not distinguish between stimulus generalization (an associative mechanism based on perceptual similarity between threat and safety cues) and sensitization (a non-associative mechanism whereby fear responses to any novel, intense, or fear-related stimulus are temporarily elevated). This study investigated responses to acquired safety cues in volunteers with varying trait anxiety, using a novel fear conditioning paradigm designed to distinguish between effects of trait anxiety on generalization and sensitization. The paradigm used three conditioned stimuli: a threat cue (CS+) and two safety cues (CS−), one perceptually similar to the CS+ and one perceptually dissimilar. Conditioned fear to these cues was indexed by fear potentiation of the startle blink reflex, skin conductance responses, and self-report. To examine how trait anxiety moderated responses to safety cues, participants were divided into high and low trait anxiety subgroups. Startle, skin conductance, and self-reported fear measures indicated that generalization of fear occurred for the safety cue which resembled the threat cue, but not for the perceptually dissimilar safety cue, consistent with the stimulus generalization hypothesis. There was some evidence that stimulus generalization was exaggerated in anxious individuals. The current study sheds light on the mechanism by which fear responses to safety cues arise in healthy individuals, and offers some insight into the influence of this mechanism in chronic anxiety.

Human amygdala responses during presentation of happy and neutral faces: correlations with state anxiety

by Tom Johnstone

Hemmerich et al, Risk as Feelings in AAA Treatment Decisions, Soc Sci Med, 2012

by William Dale

► In this U.S. study, a computer simulation of a patient's ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) caused increased... more ► In this U.S. study, a computer simulation of a patient's ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) caused increased anxiety in participants.
► Physicians deviated from AAA practice guidelines due to Risk as Feelings effects from the previous rupture.
► Physicians expressed emotional regret over allowing a simulated patient's AAA to rupture.
► Physicians did not reliably exhibit conscious awareness of the impact that the AAA patient's outcome had on their decision making.
► This AAA simulation was validated as negative and arousing with International Affective Picture System methodology.

Generalized anxiety disorder and personality traits

by Mr. Subhash Chandra Sharma

Adjunctive alprazolam for schizophrenia with panic anxiety: Clinical observation and pathogenetic implications.

by Jeffrey Kahn, M.D.

Am J Psychiatry. 1988 Jun;145(6):742-4. Adjunctive alprazolam for schizophrenia with panic anxiety: clinical observation and pathogenetic implications. Kahn JP, Puertollano MA, Schane MD, Klein DF. Source: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.

Abstract

Seven patients with schizophrenia and panic attacks all showed marked improvement of positive... more Abstract

Seven patients with schizophrenia and panic attacks all showed marked improvement of positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms when alprazolam was openly added to antipsychotic medication. Panic attacks may identify alprazolam-responsive schizophrenic patients and may define a distinct pathophysiologic subgroup.

Carbon dioxide induction of panic anxiety in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations

by Jeffrey Kahn, M.D.

Psychiatry Res. 2011 Aug 30;189(1):38-42. Epub 2011 Jun 29.

Carbon dioxide induction of panic anxiety in... more Psychiatry Res. 2011 Aug 30;189(1):38-42. Epub 2011 Jun 29.

Carbon dioxide induction of panic anxiety in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations.

Savitz AJ, Kahn TA, McGovern KE, Kahn JP.


Source

Department of Psychiarty, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.


Abstract

Panic is commonly co-morbid with schizophrenia. Panic may emerge prodromally, contribute to specific psychotic symptoms, and predict medication response. Panic is often missed due to agitation, impaired cognition, psychotic symptom overlap and limited clinician awareness. Carbon dioxide exposure has been used reliably to induce panic in non-psychotic panic subjects, but has not been systematically studied in schizophrenia. Eight inpatients with schizophrenia, recent auditory hallucinations, none preselected for panic, all on antipsychotic medication, received a structured Panic and Schizophrenia Interview (PaSI), assessing DSM-IV panic symptoms concurrent with paroxysmal auditory hallucinations. On that interview, all eight subjects reported panic concurrent with auditory hallucinations. At one sitting, subjects were exposed, in random order, to 35% carbon dioxide and to placebo room air, blinded to condition. All subjects experienced panic to carbon dioxide, one with limited symptoms. Only one subject panicked to placebo. One subject (one of only two without antipanic medication) had paroxysmal voices concurrent with induced panic. With added adjunctive clonazepam, that patient had marked clinical improvement and no response to carbon dioxide re-challenge. This first systematic examination offers preliminary evidence that carbon dioxide safely induces panic symptoms in schizophrenia. Panic may be prevalent and pathophysiologically significant in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations.

Treatment of Comorbid Panic Disorder and Schizophrenia: Evidence for a Panic Psychosis

by Jeffrey Kahn, M.D.

Treatment of Comorbid Panic Disorder and Schizophrenia:
Evidence for a Panic Psychosis
Jeffrey P. Kahn, MD; and John R. Meyers, MD

Why is it important to consider comorbid
panic disorder in schizophrenia?
After all, schizophrenia wreaks... more Why is it important to consider comorbid
panic disorder in schizophrenia?
After all, schizophrenia wreaks such
devastation on patients' lives that panic disorder
would seem trivial in comparison. However, clinical
experience and a growing literature suggest
that comorbid panic disorder may be a major
determinant of distress and dysfunction across
many psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia.

The recognition of panic disorder in
patients with schizophrenia is crucial for designing
effective treatment. In addition, panic disorder
may play a significant pathogenetic role in
some schizophrenic illness.

During the past 30 years, the diagnosis of psychotic
disorders has become increasingly precise.
Symptoms that were once lumped together under
one diagnosis are now accurately distinguished
from one another, with disorders such as psychotic
mania, delusional depression, and paranoid
delusional disorder being properly differentiated.
These more specific diagnoses came into common
use as psychiatry better understood their symptom
clusters, natural history, and treatment
response. For example, the discovery of lithium
made the distinction between psychotic mania and
schizophrenia far more clinically pressing.

As a result of recent interest in psychiatric
comorbidity, illnesses once thought to be distinct
from one another, such as obsessive-compulsive
disorder and schizophrenia, are now known to
have important areas of overlap. Some clinicians
use the term "schizo-obsessive disorder" to
describe this condition. Similarly, social phobia
has been suggested as an etiologic factor for
schizophrenia. This article considers the treatment
of comorbid panic disorder and schizophrenia
and, in light of these new perspectives, the
possibility of a distinct "panic psychosis."

The role of trait emotional intelligence in the diagnostic cancer pathway

by Samuel Smith

S. G. Smith, K. V. Petrides, James S. A. Green and Nick Sevdalis

Purpose
Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) has been linked with psychological outcomes in a variety of... more Purpose
Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) has been linked with psychological outcomes in a variety of settings; however, it has received little attention in the healthcare field. We investigated the relationship between trait EI and worry at different stages of the diagnostic cancer pathway.

Methods
We recruited 64 individuals attending an outpatient urology cancer investigation. Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire—Short Form and a single-item measure of arousal/pleasantness. Worry was assessed retrospectively for each stage of the pathway and concurrently for the stage of ‘awaiting the specialist’.

Results
Trait EI was negatively associated with worry in the early stages of the diagnostic pathway (‘deciding to see’ and ‘awaiting the general practitioner (GP)’; ps < 0.05) and was negatively linked to patients’ worry while ‘seeing the GP’ (p = 0.051) after controlling for anxiety, depression, arousal and pleasantness.

Conclusion
Low trait EI is predictive of increased worry levels in the early stages of the diagnostic cancer pathway. Individual differences in trait EI should be considered when communicating medical results to patients and in the development of interventions designed to reduce worry levels in patients entering the diagnostic cancer pathway.

La arquitectura de la ansiedad: Presencia de Piranesi en la nueva narrativa hispanoamericana

by Santiago Juan-Navarro

Published in Hispanic Journal 30 (2009): 247-261.

Predictors of psychological impairment in patients undergoing investigation for urological cancers

by Samuel Smith

Smith, S. G, Turner, B., Pati, J., Petrides, K.V., Sevdalis, N., Green, J. (2011). Predictors of psychological impairment in patients undergoing investigation for urological cancers. Supportive Care in Cancer

Purpose
We aimed to assess the influence of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and perceived social support... more Purpose
We aimed to assess the influence of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and perceived social support on psychological impairment in a sample of patients urgently referred for prostate and bladder cancer investigations.
Methods
Eighty seven patients (mean age = 62.92; SD = 13.23) were recruited prior to undergoing an investigative procedure for either prostate (n = 45) or bladder (n = 42) cancer. Patients completed measures of psychological impairment (state anxiety and worry) and 82 also competed measures of trait EI and perceived social support. Multivariate linear regression was used to predict the direct and moderated effects of trait EI and perceived social support on psychological impairment.
Results
Thirty one percent of patients were considered to be suffering from clinical levels of state anxiety. Trait EI was a significant predictor of state anxiety, worry regarding the appointment, worry regarding the outcome of the appointment and perceived social support. In contrast, perceived social support was not predictive of psychological impairment on any measure and did not moderate the relationship between trait EI and psychological impairment.
Conclusions
Patients urgently referred for urological cancer investigations are a group at risk of psychological impairment and may benefit from healthcare professional support. High trait EI was associated with less state anxiety, less worry and higher perceived social support. There were few consistent effects of perceived social support on psychological impairment. Consideration should be given to the inclusion of trait EI in future models of trauma adaptation.

Poster: Exploring the Impact of Spirituality, Hopelessness, Depression, and Anxiety on the Life Satisfaction of Individuals with a Terminal Illness

by Ryan Hale

Poster Presentation for my Thesis

Panic Away Offering Immediate Relief from Panic Attacks and GAD

by Melinda Watson

Panic Away is a confirmed and successful technique for stopping panic attacks & anxiety. This highly acclaimed... more Panic Away is a confirmed and successful technique for stopping panic attacks & anxiety. This highly acclaimed anxiety treatment system allows an individual suffering with GAD(general anxiety disorder) and different problems to totally get rid of the main factors by means of a unobtrusive and all-natural answer. Panic Away is accountable for delivering 1000's of individuals from the clutches of anxiety and right into a life of freedom & self-control. If one is looking to naturally defeat anxiety attacks devoid of having to use anti-anxiety medicine then Panic Away is absolutely worth a look. Best of all, this anxiety treatment is joined with a refund period that removes all risk from test-driving the system. Panic Away may be bought at stores however a person is greatly encouraged to buy Panic Away online in order to obtain a hefty price cut, the 60 day refund period along with several complimentary bonus products. Besides, online sales can be instantly seen & acquired. This feature is pleasant as having the ability to subtly begin the system without needing to publically locate the product at stores is of great value to countless individuals that suffer with anxiety.

Anxiety, Politics and Critical Management Education

by Russ Vince

British Journal of Management, March 2010

The focus of this paper is a discussion of anxiety and politics as they relate to Business School pedagogy. Using... more The focus of this paper is a discussion of anxiety and politics as they relate to Business School pedagogy. Using ideas from Critical Management Education (CME), the paper explores why and how to engage with the anxiety mobilised through attempts to learn. The aim is to discuss emotional and political dynamics that are generated, and too often avoided, in management education. Making these dynamics overt in the classroom can help managers to comprehend the political context within which management takes place. Examples informed by CME are presented, as well as reflections from the author on the anxiety and politics that emerge for the critical management educator in a Business School context. The contribution in the paper is to show the way that anxieties and politics within the Business School classroom offer opportunities to change how Business Schools approach the teaching of managers. CME adds value to management education because it challenges what and how individuals and groups expect to learn, and consequently it challenges assumptions about how learning takes place within Business Schools. Such challenges are seen as an important and integral part of ‘making the Business School more critical’.

Factors associated with the symptoms of depression and anxiety among male Turkish prisoners: a life crisis and personal growth model perspective

by Mithat Durak

Key Words: prisoners, anxiety, depression, locus of control, prison-life stress, situational factors

The factors associated with depression and anxiety disorders in the prison populations have been empirically tested in... more The factors associated with depression and anxiety disorders in the prison populations have been empirically tested in various studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the factors associated with the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a sample of 179 Turkish male prisoners. For this purpose, a model conceptualized by Schaefer and Moos (1998) was used as the theoretical framework for this study. The role of locus of control (as a personality trait); prison type, crime type, time spent in prison (as situational and crime-related variables); and the effect of prison-life stress on the prisoners' level of depression and anxiety symptoms were tested by using two separate structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses. Results revealed that by playing a mediator role, prison-life stress affected locus of control and situational and crime-related variables and hence, indirectly influenced depression and anxiety symptoms. Examining the role of the situational and personality factors on prisoners will provide a new departure for further studies conducted within prison settings.

WORK STRESS SCALE FOR CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS

by Mithat Durak

Work Overload
2. Insufficient division of labor in the work place
3. Work overload
6. Having to control... more Work Overload
2. Insufficient division of labor in the work place
3. Work overload
6. Having to control prisoners’ inappropriate behaviors
26. Being inspected by various committees in the work place
29. Night shifts leading to additional workload
35. Excessive responsibilities of my position


Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity
4. Intentions of the personnel’s, prisoners’, and visitors’ breaking down the rules of prison
9. The prison managers’ ignorance of the needs and ideas of the personnel
11. Being held responsible for someone else’s misconduct at work
14. Not being able to work in the area that I’m proficient in
15. Prisoners, visitors, and lawyers not agreeing with the correctional officers’ body search
19. Arbitrary decisions and frequent changes of decision
21. Ambiguity of instructions at
22. Not being able to declare my opinions anywhere work
27. Managers’ differences in their attitudes and behaviors towards prisoners
31. Obstruction of performing my routine work by the commands of the prison authorities


Inadequacies in Physical Conditions of Prison
7. Insufficiency of the working environment to meet such needs as drinking, eating, etc
24. Insufficiency of the physical conditions (e.g. ventilation, lightening, heating) in the work place
25. Feeling myself as a prisoner
34. Insufficient communication means (e.g. TV, radio) in the work place


Threat Perception
8. The risk of being threatened particularly due to my position
12. Being involved in arguments and fights with prisoners
16. Fearing crime report about myself
18. Being under suspicion on a misconduct
23. Having to be cautious all the time at work
30. In the community, my job is referred to as “key keeper” rather than “prison guard” (implying the applications of harsh discipline)
32. Encountering unusual events (e.g. run away, rebellion, fire) in the work place


General Problems
1. Economic problems
5. Not being able to participate in social activities (e.g. sports, reading, cinema) due to my work
10. Not having enough quality time with family due to my work
13. Having health problems due to my work
17. Ignoring the needs of my family due to my work
20. Reflecting my work problems on my family
28. Transportation problems when commuting to and from my work
33. Having insufficient time with my friends and relatives due to my work



Reference

Şenol-Durak, Emre, Durak, Mithat, & Gençöz, Tülin. (2006). Development of work stress scale for correctional officers. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 16(1), 153-164. doi: 10.1007/s10926-005-9006-z

Development of work stress scale for correctional officers

by Mithat Durak

Key Words: Correctional officers, work-stress, psychometric properties

This study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers (WSSCO).... more This study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers (WSSCO). Methods: One hundred nineteen correctional officers (109 males and 10 females) employed in Turkey participated in this study. In addition to WSSCO, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were administered to the participants. Results: The internal consistencies and the item-total correlations were acceptable both for the whole scale and for its subscales; namely, “work overload,” “role conflict and role ambiguity,” “inadequacies in physical conditions of prison,” “threat perception,” and “general problems.” Test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.77 for total scale, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged between 0.68 and 0.78 for the subscales. The total scale and most of the subscales were positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, and negatively correlated with perceived social support. Furthermore, all subscales significantly differentiated high depressive symptomatology group from the low depressive symptomatology group. Conclusions: The present results revealed that the psychometric properties of WSSCO were quite adequate. The scale can provide a potentially useful tool for research on job stress in correctional officers.

African American Men Underestimate Their Likelihood of Having Prostate Cancer

by William Dale

Co-authored with Joshua Hemmerich, Faraz Ahmad, David Meltzer

Die Rolle der Fachwertschätzung für Freude, Langeweile und Angst im Fach Französisch. Eine mehrebenenanalytische Längsschnittstudie über die …

by Christian Beermann

Development of disturbing dreams during adolescence and their relation to anxiety symptoms (2000)

by Tore Nielsen

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This work assesses the prevalence and development of disturbing dreams among adolescents and the... more STUDY OBJECTIVES: This work assesses the prevalence and development of disturbing dreams among adolescents and the association of these dreams with anxiety. DESIGN: Sex differences in prevalence were analyzed with chi-square analyses. Changes over time were assessed with Wilcoxon tests and cross-tabulation tables. Associations with anxiety and DSM-III-R symptoms were assessed with ANOVA designs. SETTING: N/A PARTICIPANTS: A total of 610 boys and girls rated their recall of disturbing and normal dreams at both 13 and 16 years of age. Subgroups of subjects were evaluated for anxiety symptoms at age 13 and for DSM-III-R symptoms of separation anxiety (SA), overanxious disorder (OD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) at age 16. INTERVENTIONS: N/A MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The recall of disturbing dreams was more prevalent for girls than for boys at both ages, and increased over time for girls while it decreased for boys. The recall of normal dreams was also more prevalent for girls at both ages, but this difference could not fully account for the difference in recall of disturbing dreams. Normal dream recall increased from age 13 to 16 for both sexes. The frequent occurrence of disturbing dreams was associated with anxiety at age 13 and with GAD, SA and OD symptoms at age 16 for both sexes. Evidence of more numerous OD symptoms for girls with frequent disturbing dreams suggests that this form of anxiety may partially account for the observed sex difference in disturbing dream prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight a prevalence of disturbing dreams that is especially marked for adolescent girls. Unlike previous cross-sectional studies, which have found the same sex difference, this longitudinal design also calls attention to within-subjects changes in disturbing dream recall. The results also confirm that the frequent recall of disturbing dreams is associated with pathological symptoms of trait anxiety-apparently even as young as 13 years of age. Further study of disturbing dreams may contribute to understanding of associated pathophysiological factors which, too, vary by sex (e.g., PTSD, insomnia, depression).