Anger

The Influence of Ethical Decision-Making: Comparison of a Primary and Secondary Appraisal

by Jennifer Griffith

Thiel, C., Connelly, S., Griffith, J.A. (2011). The influence of ethical decision-making: comparison of a primary and secondary appraisal. Ethics and Behavior, 21(5), 380-403.

Higher order cognitive processes, including ethical decision making (EDM), are influenced by the experiencing of... more Higher order cognitive processes, including ethical decision making (EDM), are influenced by the experiencing of discrete emotions. Recent research highlights the negative influence one such emotion, anger, has on EDM and its underlying processes. The mechanism, however, by which anger disrupts the EDM has not been investigated. The current study sought to discover whether cognitive appraisals of an emotion-evoking event are the driving mechanisms behind the influence of anger on EDM. One primary (goal obstacle) and one secondary (certainty) appraisal of anger were examined. Study results suggest that appraisals of certainty are the driving mechanism behind the negative relationship between anger and EDM. Certainty appraisals led to less application of EDM-promoting strategies and more unethical social motives. Findings further highlight the value of investigating appraisals of emotional events, given their cognitive nature, for their potential effects on cognitive operations, such as EDM. Future directions and implications are discussed.

Leadership and emotion management for complex tasks: Different emotions, different strategies.

by Jennifer Griffith

Thiel, C. E., Connelly, S., & Griffith, J. A. (2012). Leadership and emotion management for complex tasks: Different emotions, different strategies. Leadership Quarterly. In Press.

Emotions in the workplace influence a number of critical cognitive tasks including: information processing,... more Emotions in the workplace influence a number of critical cognitive tasks including: information processing, decision-making, and planning. Furthermore, the effect of emotions on these operations is emotion-specific. Given these unique effects, leaders must learn not only how to recognize emotions generally, but how to manage them specifically. To better understand how leaders might manage emotion-specific influence, two negative emotions, anger and pessimism, were first induced in a group of participants and evaluated regarding the influence that they have on planning. Second, leader-induced emotion regulation strategies were provided to participants, and subsequent performance tasks indicated whether regulation strategies minimized the effec of anger or pessimism on planning. Results demonstrate that the relationships between anger, pessimism and planning are moderated by the type of leader-induced regulation strategy provided. The findings imply that leaders should understand the differential effects of discrete emotions, and be prepared to manage emotions accordingly.

The Angry Spotlight: Trait Anger and Selective Visual Attention to Rewards

by Stephanie Gagnon

Ford, B.Q., Tamir, M.A., Gagnon, S.A., Taylor, H.A., & Brunye, T.T. (in press). European Journal of Personality.

This investigation examined links between trait anger and selective attention to threats and rewards. Existing... more This investigation examined links between trait anger and selective attention to threats and rewards. Existing research has focused mainly on trait anxiety and is equally consistent with several competing theoretical accounts of trait emotion and visual attention. Both valence-based and motivation-based accounts predict that trait anxiety would be associated with biased attention toward threats. In contrast, a valence-based account predicts that trait anger would be associated with biased attention toward threats, whereas a motivation-based account predicts that it would be associated with biased attention toward rewards. To test these predictions, we measured trait anxiety, trait anger and selective attention to threats and rewards. Consistent with a motivation-based account, we found that trait anger was associated with selective attention toward rewarding but not threatening information, whereas trait anxiety was associated with selective attention toward threatening but not rewarding information. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PRACTICAL COUNSELING SKILLS AND APPROACHES

by Daniel Keeran MSW

By Daniel Keeran, MSW, President, College of Mental Health Counselling

This is a convenient list of practical counseling articles with clickable hypertext to access the full version. Topics... more This is a convenient list of practical counseling articles with clickable hypertext to access the full version. Topics include:

What To Say When Dying,
Working With Anger,
Counseling Depression,
Counseling Domestic Violence,
Healing Childhood Loss of Caring,
Healing Grief,
Healing Sexual Abuse,
Effective Counseling Skills,
Solving Issues in Marriage,
Solving Problems,
Steps To Prevent Suicide,
Steps for Healing Adultery

A Service for Emotion Management: Turkish Version of the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale (AARS)

by Halil Eksi

A.Esra ASLAN, Seyhan SEVİNÇLER-TOGAN
Educational Sciences: Th eory & Practice
9 (2) • Spring 2009 • 391-400

An individual’s activities are closely related with his/her communication abilities. One’s
awareness of his... more An individual’s activities are closely related with his/her communication abilities. One’s
awareness of his feelings and needs and to what extend he can control such feelings are
the key factors which eff ect communication abilities. Webster (1996) defi nes anger as, “a
strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance.” Its
synonyms are “rage, displeasure, wrath.” Adolescence is a very important period in one’s
life because it is when individuals start to have a place in the adult world, and when they
create their own relation manners. Th e focus of this study is to create a version of a tool,
which is originally developed in English and designed for a diff erent culture. Th e current
study adapted the scale to another culture in order to measure one of our fundamental
feelings. Th e Adolescent Anger Rating Scale (AARS) is developed in 1994 by DeAnna
McKinnie Burney in the United States of America. Th is article discusses and analyzes the
AARS’s reliability, validity and Turkish linguistic equivalence in detail. Th e AARS scores
are reported for total anger score and three subscales measuring the aspects of the adolescent’s
typical anger response pattern as: Instrumental Anger, Reactive Anger, and Anger
Control. A group of 569 adolescents from diff erent backgrounds, aged between 13-23
years, participated in the study (Togan, 2006). Th e study provided signifi cant statistical
data for the Turkish version of the scale.

An Investigation of Violent and Nonviolent Adolescents’ Family Functioning, Problems Concerning Family Members, Anger and Anger Expression

by Halil Eksi

Raşit AVCI, Songül Sonay GÜÇRAY
Educational Sciences: Th eory & Practice
10 (1) • Winter 2010 • 65-76

Th e purpose of this study is to (a) investigate the families of violent and nonviolent adolescents
in terms of... more Th e purpose of this study is to (a) investigate the families of violent and nonviolent adolescents
in terms of family functioning, trait anger and anger expression, and (b) compare incidence
of psychological problems, alcohol usage and delinquent behaviors. Th e sample consisted
of families of both violent (n=54) and nonviolent adolescents (n=54) whose age range
was between 14 and 18 years. In order to investigate the anger levels and anger expressions
the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) was used. Additionally, the McMaster Family Assessment
Device (FAD) was used to investigate families’ functions. Th e data about the problems
concerning family members such as alcohol use of family members, having psychological
problems and criminal behaviors were collected via ‘Personal Information Form’ prepared by
the researcher. In accordance with the purpose of the study, data were analyzed with “t” test
and chi-square test. Results showed that families of violent adolescents had more deficits
and confl icts in problem-solving, communication, role assignment, aff ective responsiveness,
aff ective involvement, behavior control and general functioning when compared to the families
of nonviolent adolescents. When analyzed in terms of anger, families of violent adolescents
scored significantly higher on “trait anger”, “anger-in” and “anger-out” when compared
to the families of nonviolent adolescents. Families of nonviolent adolescents had more
“anger control” than the other group. Families in the violent group reported more problem
behaviors, more use of alcohol and more delinquent behaviors than control group.

An Investigation of Violent and Nonviolent Adolescents’ Family Functioning, Problems Concerning Family Members, Anger and Anger Expression

by Halil Eksi

Raşit AVCI, Songül Sonay GÜÇRAY
Educational Sciences: Th eory & Practice
10 (1) • Winter 2010 • 65-76

Th e purpose of this study is to (a) investigate the families of violent and nonviolent adolescents
in terms of... more Th e purpose of this study is to (a) investigate the families of violent and nonviolent adolescents
in terms of family functioning, trait anger and anger expression, and (b) compare incidence
of psychological problems, alcohol usage and delinquent behaviors. Th e sample consisted
of families of both violent (n=54) and nonviolent adolescents (n=54) whose age range
was between 14 and 18 years. In order to investigate the anger levels and anger expressions
the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) was used. Additionally, the McMaster Family Assessment
Device (FAD) was used to investigate families’ functions. Th e data about the problems
concerning family members such as alcohol use of family members, having psychological
problems and criminal behaviors were collected via ‘Personal Information Form’ prepared by
the researcher. In accordance with the purpose of the study, data were analyzed with “t” test
and chi-square test. Results showed that families of violent adolescents had more deficits
and confl icts in problem-solving, communication, role assignment, aff ective responsiveness,
aff ective involvement, behavior control and general functioning when compared to the families
of nonviolent adolescents. When analyzed in terms of anger, families of violent adolescents
scored significantly higher on “trait anger”, “anger-in” and “anger-out” when compared
to the families of nonviolent adolescents. Families of nonviolent adolescents had more
“anger control” than the other group. Families in the violent group reported more problem
behaviors, more use of alcohol and more delinquent behaviors than control group.

ÖFKE VE EMPATI ILISKISINE YÖNELIK OTEL ZINCIRINDE BIR ARASTIRMA

by Seden Algür

Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt 19, Sayı 3, 2010, Sayfa 277-298

Bu çalısmanın amacı empati ve öfke arasındaki iliskiyi Türkiye’de turizm sektöründe faaliyet göstermekte olan büyük... more Bu çalısmanın amacı empati ve öfke arasındaki iliskiyi Türkiye’de turizm sektöründe faaliyet göstermekte olan büyük bir isletmede (otel zincirinde) uygulamalı bir arastırmayla ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede arastırmada anket yöntemi kullanılmıs ve anketlerin geri dönüsüm oranı % 22.8 (171 anket) olarak gerçeklesmistir. Anketlerde çalısanların demografik özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik 10 adet soru bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca anketlerde çalısanların empati egilimlerini belirlemeye yönelik 20,
öfke düzey, kontrol ve tarzlarını belirlemeye yönelik olarak da 34 soru yer almaktadır. Arastırma degiskenlerine yönelik olarak ankette yer alan 54 sorunu hazırlanmasında 5’li Likert ölçegi (1:
kesinlikle katılıyorum/çok sık; 5: kesinlikle katılmıyorum/hiç) kullanılmıstır. Arastırmanın istatistiksel analizlerinde ise SPSS 13.0 versiyonu kullanılmıstır. Arastırma çalısanların empati egilimi ile öfkelerini kontrol edebilme düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü bir iliski oldugunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, öfke arastırma degiskeni ile cinsiyet ve yas demografik degiskenleri arasında da önemli bir iliski oldugu bulunmustur. Buna göre kadın çalısanların genel öfke düzeylerinin erkek çalısanlara göre
daha yüksek olması ilginç bir bulgu olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca yaslı çalısanların gençlere oranlara öfkelerini de daha kolay kontrol edebildikleri görülmektedir. Yöneticileri kadın olan
çalısanların genel öfke düzeylerinin yöneticileri erkek olan çalısanlara göre daha yüksek olması da arastırmada öne çıkan bir baska bulgu olarak dikkat çekmektedir.

Die Rolle der Fachwertschätzung für Freude, Langeweile und Angst im Fach Französisch. Eine mehrebenenanalytische Längsschnittstudie über die …

by Christian Beermann

Association between burnout and anger in oncology versus ophthalmology health care professionals.

by Anna Muscatello

Muscatello MR, Bruno A, Carroccio C, Cedro C, La Torre D, Di Rosa AE, Zoccali R, Aragona M, La Torre F, Mattei A, Angelone AM, Di Orio F.
Psychol Rep. 2006 Oct;99(2):641-50.

The prevalence of burnout in oncology staff was compared with that of the ophthalmology staff, who normally present a... more The prevalence of burnout in oncology staff was compared with that of the ophthalmology staff, who normally present a low prevalence of burnout as described in this literature. The correlation of burnout with the emotion of anger was also investigated. Thirty-six subjects working in an oncology department and 32 working in an ophthalmology department were examined using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. The oncology group showed higher mean scores on the MBI Emotive Exhaustion and Depersonalization scales with respect to ophthalmology staff. Correlation analysis showed that increasing burnout was associated with higher anger expressed towards the environment and loss of anger control. Anger, as a response to frustration, appears to be a feature constantly associated with the clinical expression of burnout and it should not be underestimated in theoretical and preventive contexts.

Depression, anxiety and anger in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome patients.

by Anna Muscatello

Muscatello MR, Bruno A, Pandolfo G, Micò U, Stilo S, Scaffidi M, Consolo P, Tortora A, Pallio S, Giacobbe G, Familiari L, Zoccali R.
J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2010 Mar;17(1):64-70.

The present study aimed to elucidate the differences in depression, anxiety, anger, and quality of life in a sample of... more The present study aimed to elucidate the differences in depression, anxiety, anger, and quality of life in a sample of non-psychiatric IBS patients, starting from the hypothesis that IBS subtypes may have different symptomatic expressions of negative emotions with different outcomes on quality of life measures. Forty-two constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS) subjects and 44 diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) subjects, after an examination by a gastroenterologist and a total colonoscopy, underwent a clinical interview and psychometric examination for the assessment of depression, anxiety, anger and quality of life. IBS subtypes showed different symptomatic profiles in depression, anxiety and anger, with C-IBS patients more psychologically distressed than D-IBS subjects. Affective and emotional symptoms should be considered as specific and integral to the syndrome, and recognizing the differences between IBS subtypes may have relevant implications for treatment options and clinical outcome.

The relationship between anger and heterosexual behavior. An investigation in a nonclinical sample of urban Italian undergraduates.

by Anna Muscatello

Muscatello MR, Bruno A, Scimeca G, Pandolfo G, Paduano R, Mico' U, Bellinghieri PM, Di Nardo F, Iannuzzo G, Cofini V, Di Orio F, Zoccali R.
J Sex Med. 2010 Dec;7(12):3899-908. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01640.x.

The relationship between anger and sexual behavior has never been thoroughly addressed, although it may deserve... more The relationship between anger and sexual behavior has never been thoroughly addressed, although it may deserve special attention because of its theoretical and practical consequences.

AIM:
We were interested in determining the extent in which trait anger was associated with dysfunctional sexual behavior, taking into account possible gender differences.

METHOD:
In this correlational study, 410 volunteers (199 men and 211 women) recruited from the students of the University of Messina, Italy, participated in the study. Median age of participants was 24 years. Men and women did not differ significantly in age (U = 18996, P = 0.606).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The individuals' sexual behavior was assessed using the Sex and the Average Woman (or Man) questionnaire.

RESULTS:
We found no association between trait anger and either measure of sexual motivation: sexual excitement, r (396) = 0.11, P = 0.016, and sexual fulfillment, r (396) = -0.06, P = 0.134. Also, gender had no effect on either of these two variables. Trait anger had a positive significant correlation with neurotic sex, r (396) = 0.29, P < 0.002, impersonal sex, r (396) = 0.20, P < 0.002, and aggressive sex, r (396) = 0.28, P < 0.002. As we predicted, the associations between trait anger and these last three variables were stronger for men than for women (although only aggressive sex had a significant result). In multivariate analyses, impersonal sex ceased to be a significant correlate of trait anger.

CONCLUSIONS:
Trait anger has a negative effect on sexual behavior. It seems to exert its worst effects on the nature of sexual interpersonal behavior rather than on sexual motivation. We found no effect of gender on sexual motivation. However, the positive correlation between anger and relational sexual behavior was stronger for men than for women

Meekness and 'Moral' Anger

by Glen Pettigrove

published in Ethics 122.2 (January 2012): 341-370.

If asked to generate a list of virtues, most people would not include meekness. So it is surprising that Hume not only... more If asked to generate a list of virtues, most people would not include meekness. So it is surprising that Hume not only deems it a virtue, but one whose 'tendency to the good of society no one can doubt of.' After explaining what Hume and his contemporaries meant by "meekness", the paper proceeds to argue that meekness is a virtue we, too, should endorse.

The affect misattribution procedure: Hot or Not?

by Roland Imhoff

accepter for publication in Emotion // co-authored with Chirstoph Blaison and others

The Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP; Payne et al., 2005) is an important tool in implicit social cognition... more The Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP; Payne et al., 2005) is an important tool in implicit social cognition research, but its underlying mechanisms are still unknown. This paper investigates whether, as the name implies, affect-based processes really underlie the AMP. We used a modified AMP that enabled us to separate the influence of affective and
non-affective processes. In three studies, evidence for the implication of non-affective processes was consistently found. In contrast, there was no evidence for affect-based processes. Thus, the AMP rather seems cold than hot. The generalizability of the results obtained with the modified AMP is discussed.

“He Cursed, and I Got Angry:” Beliefs About Anger Among Adolescent Male Offenders in India

by Stephen Becker

Vaishali V. Raval, Pratiksha H. Raval and Stephen P. Becker
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 320-330.
doi: 10.1007/s10826-011-9478-8

Cultural influences in the experience and expression of emotions have been widely recognized, although systematic... more Cultural influences in the experience and expression of emotions have been widely recognized, although systematic studies of emotion-related beliefs in culturally diverse families have been scarce. The purpose of the present exploratory study was to examine beliefs about anger among a group of adolescent male offenders in India temporarily residing in a pre-sentencing institution. In particular, adolescent offenders (n = 14) were individually interviewed about their beliefs concerning causes and concomitants of, and behavioral responses to, one’s own and others’ anger, as well as family patterns of anger expression that are crucial in understanding socialization processes. Although some of the themes reflected in their narratives parallel the beliefs of educated, middle-class, non-offender youth in India (e.g., social inappropriateness of anger), as well as those of offenders in other parts of the world (e.g., aggressive behavior as a common response to anger), beliefs about various aspects of anger specific to this subculture of offender youth also emerged. In particular, perceived violations of family honor were cited as the most common elicitors of anger, and although anger was considered ‘bad’ it was expressed through aggression. The findings of this study highlight the need to develop a culturally informed theory of emotions, and relatedly, to develop culturally sensitive interventions for anger management that can be incorporated as a part of rehabilitation efforts for offender youth in India.

Punture dal sottobosco: i piccoli dolori della bizzarria

by Stefano Cracolici

Published in 'Il Dolore/The Pain', a cura di Gloria Galloni e Manrica Rotili, Milano: Mimesis (Sensibilia 4), 2011 (in corso di stampa).

Elevator: Emotional Tracking using AudioVisual Interaction

by Bill Psarras

AES Convention May 2009

The research interest on modeling everyday human emotions and controlling them through typical multimedia content... more The research interest on modeling everyday human emotions and controlling them through typical multimedia content (i.e. audio and video data) has recently increased. In this work, an interactive methodology is introduced for detecting, controlling and tracking emotions. Based on the above methodology, an interactive audiovisual installation termed “Elevator” was realized, aiming to analyze and manipulate simple emotions of the participants
(such as anger) using simplified emotion detection audio signal processing techniques and specifically selected combined audio/visual content. As a result, the human emotions are “elevated” to pre-defined levels and appropriately mapped to visual content which corresponds to the emotional “thumbnail” of the participants.

Elevator: Interactive AV Installation of provoked and converted human anger to artistic visual output

by Bill Psarras

BA thesis of Bill Psarras | 2008-2009

Anger can be perceived as a kind of alchemy. The rude and primitive is transformed to something useful and... more Anger can be perceived as a kind of alchemy. The rude and primitive is transformed to something useful and intellectual. The artistic perception acts like a human cell. Elevator pushes this line to the edges of this cell by seeking for a way of connection between the meanings of beauty and disgusting, between the known and the unknown, between the flower and the thorn, between outer an inner – ‘eso’. Why anger then? 'Elevator' is an immersive/interactive audio-visual installation of provoked, expressed and converted human anger to artistic visual output.

Concept-Creation: Bill Psarras
BA Thesis ‘ Elevator ‘, 2008-2009, Ionian University, Greece
Copyright © 2008-2011 - Bill Psarras

Additional Technical Help
Dr. Andreas Floros (Programming, Sound)
Prof. Marianna Strapatsakis (Artistic feedback)

Michele Savonarola e le bizzarrie di corte

by Stefano Cracolici

Published in Chiara Crisciani and Gabriella Zuccolin (eds.), Michele Savonarola: Medicina e Cultura di Corte. Firenze: SISMEL - Edizioni del Galluzzo

Angry Opposition to Government Redress: When the Structurally Advantaged Perceive Themselves As Relatively Deprived

by Colin Leach