Anatomy (Biology)

Cervical vertebrae of Sumatran rhinoceros in Malaysia

by M.T. Abdullah, PhD

An introduction to tetrapod feeding

by Kurt Schwenk

Diversity of vertebrate feeding systems

by Kurt Schwenk

Morphological Variation in the Dusky Fruit Bat, Penthetor lucasi

by M.T. Abdullah, PhD

Dusky fruit bats morphology Dusky fruit bats morphology

AGE CLASSIFICATION OF BEARDED PIGS (SUS BARBATUS). 1999

by M.T. Abdullah, PhD

Sus batbatus in Bario Highlnad Sus batbatus in Bario Highlnad

A Predictive Model to Differentiate the Fruit Bats Cynopterus brachyotis and C. cf. brachyotis Forest (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Malaysia Using Multivariate Analysis. 2012

by M.T. Abdullah, PhD

Read also Abdullah (2003)

Field discrimination of Cynopterus brachyotis and C. cf. brachyotis Forest (as designated by Francis 2008) in southern... more Field discrimination of Cynopterus brachyotis and C. cf. brachyotis Forest (as designated by Francis 2008) in southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo is problematic. These 2 forms are sympatric in this region but are confined to different habitat types: C. brachyotis inhabits open habitats, orchards, and agricultural areas, while C. cf. brachyotis Forest is confined to primary and old secondary forests. In this study, we attempted to develop prediction models to identify both C. brachyotis and C. cf. brachyotis Forest in this region based on multivariate statistics. Two predictive models were generated using a canonical discriminant function, and it was found that 5 characters can be used to accurately identify museum vouchers of C. brachyotis and C. cf. brachyotis Forest. Four characters are needed for field identification of these 2 forms of Cynopterus in southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo. A review of the current taxonomy and classification indicated that there is a need to describe the 6 existing forms of the C. brachyotis complex in the Indo-Malayan region. This will aid conservationists, field ecologists, and taxonomists in taxonomic- and conservation-related decisions about this species complex.

A morphological analysis of Malaysian Kerivoula (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae).

by M.T. Abdullah, PhD

Related study by Faisal Anwali Khan et al. 2010

Recent identification of new species within the genus Kerivoula from the Southeast Asian region has indicated that... more Recent identification of new species within the genus Kerivoula from the Southeast Asian region has indicated that this genus was understudied and currently underestimated in terms of its species diversity. Thus, this morphological study was carried out to record and analyse the morphological characters of available specimens of Malaysian Kerivoula from the Museum of Zoology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Thirty-one external, skull and dental characters were taken and analysed using the multivariate analysis, dicriminant function analysis. As the result, six groupings of Kerivoula was identified, namely K. intermedia, K. hardwickii, K. pellucida, K. lenis and K. papillosa which were divided into two distinctive groupings of K. papillosa type large (K.
papillosa type L, hereafter) and K. papillosa type small (K. papillosa type S, hereafter). Variable dentary length was identified as the best predictor to characterize each group of Kerivoula. The
separation of the K. papillosa specimens into two separate morphotypes were characterised by their different sizes whereby the former group was larger in size compared to the latter. It is suggested that each represents an independent species even though both morphotypes occur sympatrically. The homogenising effect of the previous environmental events might have been the primary factor of the sympatric occurrence of both morphotypes. Nevertheless, further study regarding ecology, morphology and genetics should be carried out to provide a better insight regarding the cryptic population of K. papillosa in Borneo and Malaysia.

Hasan, N.H., Abdullah, M.T. 2011. Mammal Study 36: 87-97.

Frecuencia y distribución de tabiques intrasinusales en el piso del seno maxilar.

by Rodrigo Hernández Quezada

Seno maxilar, tabiques.

Estudio de frecuencia y distribución de tabiques en el piso del seno maxilar según grado de desdentamiento. Estudio de frecuencia y distribución de tabiques en el piso del seno maxilar según grado de desdentamiento.

Influence of soft tissues on the proximal bony tibial slope measured with 2-dimensional MRI

by Corey Scholes

Accepted with revisions by Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology and Arthroscopy
Co-authored with: Lustig, S., Leo, S., Coolican, M., Parker, D.

Purpose: The posterior tibial slope of the lateral and medial tibial plateau can be measured on standard MRI. ... more Purpose: The posterior tibial slope of the lateral and medial tibial plateau can be measured on standard MRI.  Despite increasing interest in the functional anatomy of the menisci, little information is available regarding the relationship between the tibial slope and the menisci and the influence of gender or age on these geometric parameters. It was hypothesized that the meniscus would reduce the differences in slope between the medial and lateral compartments of the same knee and would mitigate the effects of age and gender on the  tibial slope.
Methods: MRI sagittal images from 101 patients were used in this study. The angle between a line tangent to the medial and lateral tibial bony slope and the proximal tibial anatomical axis was measured on sagittal MRI images. The angle between the tangent line to highest point of the anterior and posterior horn of the meniscus and the proximal tibial anatomical axis was also determined. The measurements were carried out twice by two observers. The influence of gender and age on these parameters was analysed.
Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance showed good inter and intra-observer reliability, with no significant differences between reviewers for either bony or soft tissue slope (F1 807 = 2.34, p=0.13). A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of tissue on tibial slope (F1 807 = 540.9, p < 0.01), as well as a significant main effect of compartment (F1 807 = 15.9, p < 0.01). In both compartments, the soft tissue significantly reduced the tibial slope towards the horizontal plane. In addition, the soft tissue slope was significantly more horizontal in the lateral compartment compared to the medial compartment (p<0.01). These differences were not influenced by age or gender.
Conclusion : The menisci of the knee generate a more horizontal tibial slope when measured on MRI. The soft-tissue slope is more horizontal in the lateral compartment of the knee compared to the medial compartment.
Key Terms : Knee, Tibial slope, MRI, Meniscus, Gender, Age

La bella anatomia: il disegno del corpo fra arte e scienza nel Rinascimento

by andrea carlino

The anterior and posterior sensory dorsal organs of crustaceans

by Rudy Lerosey-Aubril

LEROSEY-AUBRIL, R. & MEYER, R. (submitted). The anterior and posterior sensory dorsal organs of crustaceans,

General morphology and ultrastructure of the venom apparatus and convoluted gland of the fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima.

by Eduardo Fox

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20578888

Leichenzergliederung als soziales Drama im Europa der Frühen Neuzeit

by andrea carlino

Late ontogeny and hypostomal condition of a new cyrtosymboline trilobite from the Famennian of Morocco.

by Rudy Lerosey-Aubril

LEROSEY-AUBRIL R. & FEIST R. 2006. Late ontogeny and hypostomal condition of a new cyrtosymboline trilobite from the Famennian of Morocco. Palaeontology, 49(5): 1053-1068. 

A new species of trilobite, Cyrtosymbole rectifrons, from Famennian marlstones in the south-eastern vicinity of Erfoud... more A new species of trilobite, Cyrtosymbole rectifrons, from Famennian marlstones in the south-eastern vicinity of Erfoud (Tafilalt, Morocco), is described. Silicified sclerites of various sizes allow the description of its late growth sequence, which demonstrates that some characteristic features of the Cyrtosymbolinae are acquired during late ontogeny. Precise examination of exceptionally well-preserved material enables reconstruction of the in situ  position of the adult hypostome, together with a reconsideration of its relation to the dorsal exoskeleton and its morphofunctional capacity for movement. The natant hypostomal condition inferred for C. rectifrons suggests that it is not always possible to deduce the nature of hypostomal attachment from the dorsal morphology alone.

Forensic method to determine gender in sub adult subjects using odontometrics in the deciduous dentition

by Carlos David Rodriguez Florez

Dental Nonmetric Traits in a Pre-Conquest Sample from Chubut Region of Patagonia, Argentina

by Carlos David Rodriguez Florez

Morfología dental en cráneos Toba de Argentina

by Carlos David Rodriguez Florez

The internal cranial morphology of an armoured dinosaur Euoplocephalus corroborated by X-ray computed tomographic reconstruction

by Victoria Arbour

Tetsuto Miyashita, Victoria M. Arbour, Lawrence M. Witmer, Philip J. Currie
Journal of Anatomy, first published online: 29 SEP 2011

Internal cranial anatomy is a challenging area to study in fossilized skulls because of small sample sizes and varied... more Internal cranial anatomy is a challenging area to study in fossilized skulls because of small sample sizes and varied post-mortem preservational alterations. This difficulty has led to the lack of correspondence between results obtained from direct osteological observation and from more indirect reconstruction methods. This paper presents corroborating evidence from direct osteological observation and from reconstruction based on computed X-ray tomography (CT) on the internal cranial anatomy of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Euoplocephalus tutus. A remarkable specimen of Euoplocephalus preserves rarely observed internal cranial structures such as vascular impressions in the nasal cavity, olfactory turbinates and possible impressions of conchae. Comparison with fossils and CT models of other taxa and other Euoplocephalus specimens adds osteological evidence for the previously reconstructed nasal cavity in this dinosaur and revises the previously described braincase morphology. A new interpretation of the ethmoidal homology identifies a mesethmoid, sphenethmoid and ectethmoid. These ethmoidal ossifications are continuous with the mineralized walls of the nasal cavity. The location of the olfactory fenestra provides further evidence that the olfactory regions of the nasal cavity are pushed to the sides of the main airway. This implies that the function of the vascular impressions in the nasal cavity and the looping of the cavity are not related to olfaction. A byproduct of the elongate, looping airway is a dramatic increase in surface area of the nasal respiratory mucosa, which in extant species has been linked to heat and water balance. A role in vocalization as a resonating chamber is another possible function of the looping and elongation of the nasal cavity. Olfaction remains as a possible function for the enlarged olfactory region, suggesting that multiple functions account for different parts of the ankylosaurid nasal cavity that underwent substantial modification. Cranial endocasts show negligible variation within Euoplocephalus, which lends some confidence to interspecific comparisons of endocranial morphology.

Osteology of a Near-Complete Skeleton of Tenontosaurus tilletti (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Cloverly Formation, Montana, USA

by Jon Tennant

The dissertation from my first Masters. Unpublished. Nothing special..

The character diagnosis of Tenontosaurus tilletti has been revised and redefined into a more robust and quantifiable... more The character diagnosis of Tenontosaurus tilletti has been revised and redefined into a more robust and quantifiable state. Significant emphasis is placed on constructing phylogenetic definition in such a method, as it prevents occlusion of true character states by alleviating potential individual interpretational bias. Previous placement within the Iguanodontia is refuted based on the lack of character affinity with the defining synapomorphies of the clade. The clade Hypsilophodontidae (=Hypsilophodontia), along with Iguanodontia, however is deemed to be in critical need of refinement to account for recent discoveries and re-classifications of certain euornithopods. Several of the synapomorphies are out-dated and deemed redundant in favour of a more quantifiable approach. Re-definition of these clades is critical if the current state of basal euornithopodan relationships is to be resolved. Phylogenetic studies must be approached from a multidisciplinary perspective; integration of tectonostratigraphical, ontogenetic, palaeoecological, and biomechanical data with sets of well-defined primary homologies are essential in increasing phylogenetic resolution and generating stratigraphically feasible ancestor-descendant relationships. Material attributed to Tenontosaurus tilletti is in need of strict re-analysis; the significant quantity of specimens attributed to this species is potentially the result of poor stratigraphic constraints and the vast spatiotemporal span occupied. Future revision of this material is expected to reveal temporal variations on the species-level inherently linked to environmental evolution, as well as possibly provide clues to sexual dimorphism in contemporaneous, yet morphologically distinct tenontosaurs.

Anatomy, Medical Education and Human Ancestral Variation

by Muhammad Spocter

"uncorrected proof"

It is argued in this article that the human body both in health and disease cannot be fully understood without... more It is argued in this article that the human body both in health and disease cannot be fully understood without adequately accounting for the different levels of human variation.The article focuses on variation due to ancestry, arguing that the inclusion of information pertaining to ancestry in human anatomy teaching materials and courses should be carried out and implemented with care and in line with latest developments in biological
anthropology and related sciences. This seems to be of particular importance in the education of health professionals, as recent research suggests that better knowledge of human variation can improve clinical skills. It is also argued that relatively small curricular changes relating to the teaching of human variation can produce significant educational
gains.