Age

Difference of driving performance according to turn types at the intersection and age

by Boseong Kim

This study examined the difference of driving performance according to turn types (left /right turn), suggested by Bao... more This study examined the difference of driving performance according to turn types (left /right turn), suggested by Bao and Boyle (2009), and age(old and young adults). To do that, the turn types at the intersection were divided into 12 scenarios of left and right turn, respectively and by making approach velocity at the intersection, the passing time at the intersection, the speed and steering variation while passing the intersection as the measures of driving performance were measured by using two age groups, young and old adults. As a result, young drivers approached and passed the intersection faster than older drivers. It suggests that old drivers have a low level of driving confidence, which can be interpreted as a result of a kind of compensatory behavior when considering their physical degradation. Also, compared with the right turn intersection, there was a big speed variation while turning at the left turn intersection. It is reflecting the driving behavior which appears because a driver recognizes that there is more information to be confirmed constantly for safety driving while turning left, compared with right turn. However, it suggests that a driver might have accidents while turning right at the intersection when the objects besides vehicles appear because of this driving behavior, as suggested by Summala, et al.(1996).

Voice-overs in Standardized English and Spanish Television Commercials

by Barry Pennock-Speck

Our aim in this article is to explore the paralinguistic characteristics of voices in voice-overs in a corpus of... more Our aim in this article is to explore the paralinguistic characteristics of voices in voice-overs in a corpus of English and Spanish TV ads. Our underlying premise is that voice-overs, just like linguistic messages, images and music, convey information which is picked up by viewers whether at a conscious or subconscious level. In our analysis we attempt to find what patterns, if any, can be discovered in our corpus of voice-overs with regard to a number of parameters such as gender, accent, age and voice-quality. To this end we gathered data on our corpus of voice-overs through questionnaires completed by native English and Spanish informants respectively. The analysis we have carried out goes beyond previous research into voice-overs which either centres on one of the above parameters in isolation or which makes use of the intuitions of researchers using limited samples of TV ads. Our findings reveal that prestigious accents predominate in both the English and Spanish voice-overs. We also discovered that female voices are perceived to be younger than those of their male counterparts and voice characteristics such as pitch, breathiness, assertiveness and others also seem to correlate with the gender of the speaker.

Staging value and older women workers: when'something more'is too much

by Susan Ainsworth

Etude archéozoologique du Mouflon de la Caune de l'Arago (Tautavel, Pyrénées-Orientales, France); Impact sur les stratégies de chasse.

by Hervé Monchot

Monchot, H. 1996. Mésogée 55, 49-58.

The excavation of Arago cave at Tautavel produced 6055 mouflon (Ovis antiqua) bone remains. Precise studies of this... more The excavation of Arago cave at Tautavel produced 6055 mouflon (Ovis antiqua) bone remains. Precise studies of this material allowed the estimation of 192 mouflons as the minimum of individuals. They were particularly abundant in the levels F (MNI = 83) and G (MNI = 42). Using Payne’s method we found mainly adults in the same layers. Furthermore, analysis of the mortality curves indicated death by hunting. Biometrical analysis of distal humerus and tibia, metapodials and carpals allowed the segregation of male and female: level F showed 75 % of females. We completed these studies by estimating the weight of the population using two methods. The first one is based on the occlusal surface at the first lower molar and the second one, on the morphology of the astragalus. For the bed F we proposed that hunting strategy could be the result of selective choices of the prey. Moreover, we conclude the presence of Anteneandertalians on the site during spring and summer periods.

Patterns of Age-Based Linguistic Variation In American English.

by Federica Barbieri

Published in Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12(1), pp. 58-88.

In prior sociolinguistic research, speaker age has been considered the principal correlate of language change, but it... more In prior sociolinguistic research, speaker age has been considered the principal correlate of language change, but it ‘has not yet been explicitly studied as a sociolinguistic variable’ (Eckert 1997: 167). Consequently, little is knows about how language varies across the life span. The present study employs key word analysis on a large corpus of casual conversation in American English to explore age-based linguistic variation in spontaneous conversation. Analyses of the key words point to two major patterns of age-based lexico-grammatical variation: use of slang, and use of stance and involvement markers. Younger speakers’ talk is characterized by an unusually frequent use of slang and swear words, and by a marked use of features indexing speaker’s stance and emotional involvement, including intensifiers, stance adverbs, discourse markers, personal pronouns, and attitudinal adjectives; older speakers favor modals. These patterns are suggestive of functional differences in the discourse of youth and adults. It is argued that the expression of personal stance is more explicit and plays a key role in younger speakers’ discourse.

Influences of Age and Mechanical Stability on Volume, Microstructure, and Mineralization of the Fracture Callus during Bone Healing: Is Osteoclast Activity the Key to Age-related Impaired Healing?

by Manav Mehta

The effect of age on egocentric and allocentric spatial frames of reference

by Francesco Ruotolo

COGNITIVE PROCESSING
Volume 10, Supplement 2, 222-224, DOI: 10.1007/s10339-009-0276-9