Affordable Housing

Im Spiegel: Der Wohnungsmarkt in der Türkei

by Yener Coşkun, MRICS

Coskun, Yener. (2012). Im Spiegel: Der Wohnungsmarkt in der Türkei. SPH Newsletter 10 (April): 10-12.

Allgemein gilt: Wohneigentum bietet für
den Einzelnen wie für die Gesellschaft
materielle und immaterielle... more Allgemein gilt: Wohneigentum bietet für
den Einzelnen wie für die Gesellschaft
materielle und immaterielle Vorteile. Obwohl
diese Aussage von psychologischen
und wirtschaftlichen Gründen getragen
ist, schätzen Wirtschafts- und Finanzmakler
es, den Bedarf nach besseren
Wohnbedingungen zu erfüllen. Die Türkei
mit einer Eigentumsrate von fast 68
Prozent und einem dynamischen Wohnungsmarkt
ist da keine Ausnahme.

Coskun, Yener. (2012). A Brief Analysis of Turkish Housing Market. SPH Newsletter 10 (April): 10-12.

by Yener Coşkun, MRICS

Coşkun, Yener. (2012). A Brief Analysis of Turkish Housing Market. SPH Newsletter 10 (April): 10-12.

It is believed that home ownership offers
both material and non-material benefits
to the individuals and... more It is believed that home ownership offers
both material and non-material benefits
to the individuals and also society. However
this belief may be also related to
psychological/economical issues, economic/
financial agents enjoy to satisfy
the need of better housing. Turkey, having
nearly 68 percent home ownership
rate and also very dynamic housing
markets, is not an exception.

3 Ways to Make Affordable Housing Finance Work in India

by realism.IN Partners

Author: Dr. Julia Freybote; Portland State University, USA

In recent years, the overall definition of Emerging Markets has expanded from BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India,... more In recent years, the overall definition of Emerging Markets has expanded from BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and includes nations such as South Africa. South Africa, a fellow-emerging country, has developed an approach to tackle the issue of affordable housing finance. Given my professional experience in that country and this opportunity to reach readers through realism.IN, I would elaborate on how they are trying to make it work there. I list some salient features of housing affordability that can be observed in South Africa. Also, these may provide some useful clues for addressing the issue of affordable housing in India:

ALTERNATIVE FOR HOUSE FINANCING

by Tuan Muhd Taufik Tuan Hussin

The Analysis of the Turkish Housing Finance System Within the Global Financial Crisis

by Yener Coşkun, MRICS

Coskun, Yener. (2011). The Analysis of the Turkish Housing Finance System Within the Global Financial Crisis. 27 th Annual American Real Estate Society (ARES) Meeting, ARES 2011 Doctoral Seminar, April 13-16, 2011, Seattle, Washington, The United States.

Housing is one of the major socio-economic problems in Turkey. High intensivity of spontaneous settlements... more Housing is one of the major socio-economic problems in Turkey. High intensivity of spontaneous settlements (gecekondu), nearly 40 % in urban area, would be accapted as the sufficient criterion for the level of the housing question in Turkey. Additionally there are important quality problems in the existing housing units. In addition to failing policies in market-based solutions to housing question, it has observed that affordable housing policies of central/local governments were not financially/politically sustainable in the last 50 years. Although there are more than one reflection, we may summarize the outcome of the failing social/market based policies on housing by analysing housing shortage variable. So, according to several researches, Turkey needs 600.000 new housing unit every year and current housing deficit of the market is nearly 6 million units. The above numbers represent a clear “failure” in terms of both market and social housing finance/supply systems.

Affordable Housing: Connecting Goals of Affordable Housing with Commonly Used Policies and Policy Tools

by Texas State PA Applied Research Projects

Jobe, Van Erick, "Affordable Housing: Connecting Goals of Affordable Housing with Commonly Used Policies and Policy Tools" (2009). Applied Research Projects, Texas State University-San Marcos. Paper 303.
http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/303

Purpose: The purpose of this research was threefold. First, scholarly literature was examined to identify three major... more Purpose: The purpose of this research was threefold. First, scholarly literature was examined to identify three major goals of affordable housing. Second, polices and policy tools used to address affordable housing were identified from the literature. Finally, policy advocates and developers in Austin, Texas, were sent a questionnaire designed to assess their attitudes and opinions regarding policy and policy tools regarding the first two goals.

Methodology: This study was descriptive in nature, as the literature failed to provide a comprehensive set of policies and policy tools best suited for accomplishing the goal of affordable housing. Eighty Housing advocates and developers were surveyed to assess their attitudes and opinions in light of the three goals developed from the research to meet the goals of affordable housing. As such, this research fills the gap by connecting the major goals of affordable housing with commonly used policies and policy tools. In addition to making this connection, this research also offers a guide for increasing and preserving affordable housing units.

Results: The responses for survey questions indicate that commonly used policies and policy tools aid in providing access to affordable housing for all income groups, the preservation of existing affordable housing stock and improving access to affordable housing for disadvantaged communities. However, some policy and policy tools, were identified to be more successful or favored than others for meeting particular goals

Public Participation Best Practices: An Assessment of the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs

by Texas State PA Applied Research Projects

DeLeon, Valentin N., "Public Participation Best Practices: An Assessment of the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs" (2011). Applied Research Projects, Texas State University-San Marcos. Paper 378.
http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/378

The purpose of this research is to establish a practical ideal type public participation model and gauge public... more The purpose of this research is to establish a practical ideal type public participation model and gauge public participation policies at the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs (TDHCA). TDHCA is a good case study because the department is responsible for funding most affordable housing developments in the state. As the state’s lead agency tasked with funding rehabilitation and construction of new affordable housing, it is imperative that department administrators collaborate with stakeholders, legislators, and neighborhood residents. An effective public participation policy must be in place to ensure underrepresented and vulnerable Texans have the opportunity to participate in policy formation. The available literature was reviewed to develop best practice methods and the best practice policy was compared with participation policies at TDHCA.

Focused interviews with TDHCA staff were conducted to gather data about specific public participation policies at the department. The interview results, when compared to the ideal model, identified several areas where TDHCA policy could be improved. TDHCA is not taking advantage of new media resources to connect with citizens. Additionally, TDHCA should focus on staff development to improve written and oral communication with the public.

Problématique d'insertion et logement communautaire: enquête dans le quartier Hochelaga-Maisonneuve

by Marie J. Bouchard

Civil Society Generating Innovation: Co-operative and Associative Housing

by Marie J. Bouchard

Greening Affordable Housing: An Assessment of Housing under the Community Development Block Grant and HOME Investment Partnership Programs

by Texas State PA Applied Research Projects

Sparks, Chance W., "Greening Affordable Housing: An Assessment of Housing under the Community Development Block Grant and HOME Investment Partnership Programs" (2007). Applied Research Projects, Texas State University-San Marcos. Paper 251.
http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/251

WINNER MCGREW AWARD (2007). CenTex Chapter of American Society for Public Administration (Practitioner category)

Affordable housing programs constitute a significant expense for many local Community Development Block Grant and HOME... more Affordable housing programs constitute a significant expense for many local Community Development Block Grant and HOME Investment Partnership program local government recipients. According to literature, it is sound public policy to use Green building methods in affordable housing programs. The research develops a model affordable Green building program to assess Texas local government Community Development Block Grant and HOME Investment Partnership recipients’ housing construction programs using administrators’ perceptions. Following the assessment, the research provides recommendations for improving Green building practice under those programs. The simple, straightforward model is designed for administrators lacking technical expertise in Green building. The model developed could be used as a template for Federal Green building standards under the two programs.

Data collected from a Web-based survey of local government program administrators is used. The administrators were asked specific questions about their housing construction programs. Survey results are compared to the model affordable Green building program in order to assess how well local government programs have implemented Green building practices in their affordable housing programs.

The data reveals local government programs do not align with the model affordable Green building program. Even so, data reveals the programs are capable of meeting the model requirements given that on most survey responses, a few administrators indicated they followed a particular standard at least most of the time. By following recommendations presented, local government recipients can bring their affordable housing programs closer to the model.

Texas Public Housing Authorities: Assessing Their Effectiveness in Affordable Housing Efforts at the Community Level

by Texas State PA Applied Research Projects

Green, Elvia Ebby, "Texas Public Housing Authorities: Assessing Their Effectiveness in Affordable Housing Efforts at the Community Level " (2006). Applied Research Projects, Texas State University-San Marcos. Paper 113.
http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/113

This applied research project focuses on Public Housing Authorities as affordable housing providers. There are 3,300... more This applied research project focuses on Public Housing Authorities as affordable housing providers. There are 3,300 Public Housing Authorities in the United States of which 424 are in Texas.

This research project has three purposes 1) to review literature on affordable housing to identify the ideal characteristics of an effective affordable housing program; 2) to assess Texas PHA's using the ideal characteristics; and 3) to provide recommendations for improving Public Housing Authority programs to better meet the affordable housing needs of their communities.

The survey research method was used. Surveys were mailed to executive directors of the 424 Texas Public Housing Authorities. Sixty-two of the executive directors completed and returned the survey.

The majority of Public Housing Authorities administer Public Housing and the Section Housing Choice Voucher program. Both of these are funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Devleopment (HUD). HUD evaluates the performance of Public Housing Authorities on how they administer these programs. However, the performance of Public Housing Authorities, as affordable housing providers within their respective communities, is generally not evaluated.

Due to a high demand for affordable housing, it is crucial that Public Housing Authorities find new and innovative ways to increase the supply of affordable housing in their communities. The practical ideal type developed in this project will be used to evaluate Texas Public Housing Authorities as affordable housing providers and to provide recommendations for improving and expanding programs to meet the affordable housing needs of their communities.

Based on the findings of this research, it was found that there are very few Public Housing Authorities in Texas who are engaged in housing development initiatives to expand the availability of affordable housing.

Poverty, Gecekondu Phenomenon and Natural Boundaries of Mortgage Finance (Yoksulluk, Gecekondu Olgusu ve İpotekli Konut Finansmanı Sisteminin Doğal Sınırları)

by Yener Coşkun, MRICS

Coşkun, Yener. (2011). Yoksulluk, Gecekondu Olgusu ve İpotekli Konut Finansmanı Sisteminin Doğal Sınırları.Bildiri. 12. Ulusal Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi. 14-16 Aralık 2011. ODTÜ Kongre ve Kültür Merkezi. Bildiriler Kitabı: 237.

Özet
Piyasa mekanizmasına dayalı konut finansmanına yönelik temel beklenti;çağdaş bir çevrede, doğaya saygılı... more Özet
Piyasa mekanizmasına dayalı konut finansmanına yönelik temel beklenti;çağdaş bir çevrede, doğaya saygılı ve nitelikli konutlara, ortalama gelir sahibi hanehalklarının uygun finansman koşulları çerçevesinde erişebilirliğinin artırılmasıdır.Ancak söz konusu beklentinin gelişmiş/gelişen ülkelerdeki alt ve alt orta gelir grubu açısından karşılandığını söylemek güçtür.Ayrıca küresel kriz sürecinde piyasa mekanizmasına dayalı ipotekli konut finansmanı sisteminin (İKFS) göreli başarımının daha da azaldığı gözlenmektedir.Literatür taraması ve karşılaştırmalı veri analizi çerçevesinde yapılan çalışmamızda ipotekli konut finansman sisteminin ülkemiz açısından gelişme koşulları ile birlikte, doğal sınırlarının neler olabileceği incelenmiştir. İnceleme kapsamında özellikle gelir dağılımı, yoksulluk ve gecekondu olgusu bağlamında informel konut finansmanı ve İKFS’nin gelişme koşulları incelenmiştir. İncelememiz sonucunda gecekondu ekonomisinin ve yoksulluğun egemen olduğu bir sosyo-ekonomik yapıda; kredi alma/geri ödeme kapasitesi olan gelir grubuna yönelik olduğu görülen İKFS’nin gelişme göstererek ölçek ekonomisi yaratmasının güç olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The Global Financial Crisis and the Turkish Housing Market: Is There a Success Story?

by Yener Coşkun, MRICS

Coşkun, Yener. (2011). The Global Financial Crisis and the Turkish Housing Market: Is There a Success Story?. Housing Finance International 25 (3): 6-14.

Turkish households traditionally prefer to invest
in real estate over other investment alternatives. more Turkish households traditionally prefer to invest
in real estate over other investment alternatives.
Demographics, immigration to urban areas, urbanization,
industrialization and urban renewals are
known to have significant effects on the domestic
demand for real estate in Turkey. Foreign direct
investments (FDI) have also led real estate markets
to grow since the 2000-2001 banking crisis.

Housing Market Without Mortgage: The Need of Transformation (English). Spring-Summer

by Yener Coşkun, MRICS

Coşkun, Yener. (2010). Housing Market Without Mortgage: The Need of Transformation (English). Spring-Summer. GMTR Real Estate Turkey Executive Summary,pp: 30.

“The Poverty Deconcentration Imperative and Public Housing Transformation.”

by Chandra Ward

Public housing has been on the chopping block for almost two decades now in an effort to deconcentrate poverty. In... more Public housing has been on the chopping block for almost two decades now in an effort to deconcentrate poverty. In 1992 the federal government created the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE) VI program. HOPE VI is driven by the assumption that deconcentrating neighborhood-level poverty will yield better access to upward mobility opportunities for former public housing residents. To accomplish this, existing public housing is demolished and replaced with mixed-income developments. Public housing residents are relocated, many with Housing Choice Voucher subsidies to private-market rental housing. However, by its very definition mixed income means that only a small percentage of former residents get the opportunity to return. Do voucher relocated residents end up in lower poverty neighborhoods with greater upward mobility opportunities? We examine the spatial organization of relocation within the critical discourse on the deconcentration imperative. We highlight Atlanta because it recently became the first city in the nation to eliminate all of its public housing. Findings reveal that voucher relocatees end up in neighborhoods with modestly less poverty than the public housing neighborhoods they left. Questions remain about what poverty deconcentration means vis-à-vis policy goals. We provide recommendations for future research.

Working Paper: Early Lessons Learned from Salisbury, North Carolina’s Choice Neighborhoods Transformation Plan: Small Town Ideals and Big City Aspirations

by Sara Gleave

Submitted for presentation at Urban Affairs Association 42nd Annual Conference, April 2012 Pittsburgh, PA

As the federal project-based public housing program HOPE VI has matured since its 1992 inception, myriad lessons have... more As the federal project-based public housing program HOPE VI has matured since its 1992 inception, myriad lessons have been learned about the program’s successes and opportunities.  The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has worked to re-envision project-based public housing as HOPE VI nears retirement, resulting in the Choice Neighborhoods program.  Choice Neighborhoods hopes to build upon HOPE VI in promoting viable mixed-income neighborhoods by expanding the scope outward from public housing developments themselves and into the surrounding communities.  Choice Neighborhoods is billed as a holistic community-focused redevelopment approach with three core goals:  Housing, People, and Neighborhood.  Still in its infancy, Choice Neighborhoods awarded 17 Planning Grants in fiscal year 2010 and 5 Implementation Grants in fiscal year 2010/2011.   

Salisbury, North Carolina, approximately 40 miles northeast of Charlotte and with a population just under 34,000, is one of 17 cities nationwide to be awarded a Choice Neighborhoods Planning Grant.  A non-metropolitan designated area, Salisbury is the smallest city to receive Choice Neighborhoods funding.  Salisbury’s award speaks to some as a testament to lessons learned from HOPE VI:  small cities face problems similar to those experienced by larger metropolitan areas, and project-based public housing programs can be administered similarly at both scales.  As Salisbury works to complete its Choice Neighborhoods Transformation Plan, the process encourages commentary on major differences and improvements made from HOPE VI to Choice Neighborhoods.  The case of Salisbury also provides insights into how smaller cities can be competitive for federal funding opportunities, and how the city’s size can have both positive and negative implications for carrying out a federal grant of this magnitude.

Choice Neighborhoods will receive a great deal of national attention as Planning and Implementation Grant monies are disbursed and feedback is generated from policymakers, local officials, housing authorities, and residents of the targeted neighborhoods.  Salisbury’s small size may prove to be advantageous as the city works to ensure competing voices not only have a seat at the table but also meaningfully contribute to the final outcome:  the transformation of the city’s Civic Park Apartments and West End neighborhood.   

An Analysis Of The Opportunities And Weaknessess Of The Turkish Real Estate Market

by Yener Coşkun, MRICS

Working Paper, ERES Conference 2010 Milano 23- 26th June 2010.

Real estate is one of the foremost and traditional investments for Turkish household. In addition to this traditional... more Real estate is one of the foremost and traditional investments for Turkish household. In addition to this traditional demand, it has also observed that Turkish real estate market becomes one of the popular investment destination for foreign investors. 2003-2007 period would be accepted as the boom period for Turkish economy in general and real estate sector in specific. Although there are considerable opportunities in the market, both Turkish economy and real estate sector suffer important structural problems. Hence, the objective assesment for the Turkish real estate market requires a cost-benefit analysis. In this paper, the author is attempting to reach an objective approach presenting both strong and also weak sides of market. The critical point is current deficiencies of the market may result negative impacts on further development. As a solution, we suggest that Real Estate Regulation and Supervision Agency should be established as a new government agency. To our view, primary expectation of this agency is to issue regulations/standards for real estate brokerage/ marketing/appraisal, and also housing finance to enhance consumer protection, public interest and market efficiency.
Keywords: Turkish real estate market, consumer protection in real estate, real estate appraisal, Real Estate Regulation and Supervision Agency.
Jel Classification: G21, R14, O18.

Empowering Local Communities? An International Review of Community Land Trusts

by Tom Moore

Co-authored with Dr. Kim McKee. Accepted for publication in journal of Housing Studies (January 2012).

This paper aims to investigate the premise that community land trusts (CLTs) offer a method of delivering affordable... more This paper aims to investigate the premise that community land trusts (CLTs) offer a method of delivering affordable housing that empowers local communities and provides democratic management of community assets. The paper provides a comparative analysis of CLT developments in England, Scotland and the USA, reviewing the policy and literature to identify two key approaches that underpin CLTs: an approach to property development that emphasises resale restrictions used to preserve housing use for the CLT's target clientele, and an approach to citizen governance that privileges the 'community'. The paper identifies a variation of practices that underpin the operation of CLTs in each country and uses the advanced developments in Scotland and the USA to illustrate some of the challenges that remain if the CLT sector in England is to continue its recent growth.

Affordable Housing needs Assessment Methodology: the Adaptation of the Florida Model to Brazil

by santiago varella

Mozart Vitor Serra
William J. O'Dell
Joseli Macedo
Marc T. Smith
Maria da Piedade Morais
Santiago F. Varella
Diep Nguyen

This paper presents the adaptation of the Florida Affordable Housing NeedsAssessment Methodology to Brazil. This was a... more This paper presents the adaptation of the Florida Affordable Housing NeedsAssessment Methodology to Brazil. This was a task developedjointly by the Florida team with researchers from IPEA and the World Bank. The Affordable Housing Needs Assessment Methodology, developed by the ShimbergCenter for Affordable Housing for the State of Florida, is based on householdestimates calculated from household formation rates and population-by-ageprojections.

The Brazilian Model was developed for four regions: the country of Brazil as awhole, the Integrated Development Region of the Federal District (RIDE of DF),and the Metropolitan Regions of Recife and Curitiba. This paper describes theadaptation process, presents the newly developed Brazilian Affordable HousingNeeds Assessment and analyzes output from the model.

Este trabalho apresenta a adaptação da Metodologia de Avaliação das Necessidadesde Habitação Popular da Florida para o caso brasileiro. Esta foi uma tarefa desenvolvida conjuntamente pela equipe da Universidade da Florida compesquisadores do IPEA e do Banco Mundial. A Metodologia de Avaliação dasNecessidades de Habitação Popular, desenvolvido pelo Shimberg Center forAffordable Housing para o Estado da Florida, baseia-se em estimativas de unidadesfamiliares calculadas a partir da taxa de formação de famílias e projeções da populaçãopor faixa etária.
O Modelo Brasileiro foi desenvolvido para quatro regiões: i) o país como umtodo; ii) a Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal e o Entorno(RIDE do DF); iii) a Região Metropolitana do Recife; e iv) a Região Metropolitanade Curitiba. Este texto descreve o processo de adaptação, apresenta o Novo Modelode Necessidades de Habitação Popular desenvolvido para o Brasil e analisa osresultados desse modelo.

Affordable Housing needs Assessment Methodology: the Adaptation of the Florida Model to Brazil

by santiago varella

Mozart Vitor Serra
William J. O'Dell
Joseli Macedo
Marc T. Smith
Maria da Piedade Morais
Santiago F. Varella
Diep Nguyen

This paper presents the adaptation of the Florida Affordable Housing NeedsAssessment Methodology to Brazil. This was a... more This paper presents the adaptation of the Florida Affordable Housing NeedsAssessment Methodology to Brazil. This was a task developedjointly by the Florida team with researchers from IPEA and the World Bank. The Affordable Housing Needs Assessment Methodology, developed by the ShimbergCenter for Affordable Housing for the State of Florida, is based on householdestimates calculated from household formation rates and population-by-ageprojections.

The Brazilian Model was developed for four regions: the country of Brazil as awhole, the Integrated Development Region of the Federal District (RIDE of DF),and the Metropolitan Regions of Recife and Curitiba. This paper describes theadaptation process, presents the newly developed Brazilian Affordable HousingNeeds Assessment and analyzes output from the model.

Este trabalho apresenta a adaptação da Metodologia de Avaliação das Necessidadesde Habitação Popular da Florida para o caso brasileiro. Esta foi uma tarefa desenvolvida conjuntamente pela equipe da Universidade da Florida compesquisadores do IPEA e do Banco Mundial. A Metodologia de Avaliação dasNecessidades de Habitação Popular, desenvolvido pelo Shimberg Center forAffordable Housing para o Estado da Florida, baseia-se em estimativas de unidadesfamiliares calculadas a partir da taxa de formação de famílias e projeções da populaçãopor faixa etária.
O Modelo Brasileiro foi desenvolvido para quatro regiões: i) o país como umtodo; ii) a Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal e o Entorno(RIDE do DF); iii) a Região Metropolitana do Recife; e iv) a Região Metropolitanade Curitiba. Este texto descreve o processo de adaptação, apresenta o Novo Modelode Necessidades de Habitação Popular desenvolvido para o Brasil e analisa osresultados desse modelo.