Affect/Emotion

Leadership, affect and emotions: A state of the science review

by Jennifer Griffith

Gooty, J. Connelly, S., Griffith, J., & Gupta, A. (2010). Leadership, affect, and emotions: A state of the science review. Leadership Quarterly, 21(6), 979-1004.

This paper presents a selective, qualitative review of affect, emotions, and emotional competencies in leadership... more This paper presents a selective, qualitative review of affect, emotions, and emotional competencies in leadership theory and research published in ten management and organizational psychology journals, book chapters and special issues of journals from 1990 to 2010. Three distinct themes emerged from this review: (1) leader affect, follower affect and outcomes, (2) discrete emotions and leadership, and (3) emotional competencies and leadership. Within each of these themes, we examine theory (construct definition and theoretical foundation) and methods (design, measurement and context) and summarize key findings. Our findings indicate that the study of affect and emotions in leadership fares well with regard to construct definitions across the first two themes, but not in the last theme above. Design and measurement issues across all three themes are a little less advanced. One serious gap is in a lack of focus on levels-of-analysis theoretically and methodologically. Our review concludes with recommendations for future theoretical and empirical work in this area.

The HUMAINE database

by Christopher Edward Peters

Douglas-Cowie, E., Cox, C., Martin, J-C., Devillers, L., Cowie, R., Sneddon, I., McRorie, M., Pelachaud, C., Peters, C., Lowry, O., Batliner, A., and Hoenig, F. "The HUMAINE database". In P. Petta, C. Pelachaud and R. Cowie (Eds.), Emotion-Oriented Systems: The Humaine Handbook, pp. 243-284, Cognitive Technologies Series, Springer, January 2011
Bibtex available here: http://www.coventry.ac.uk/ec/~cpeters/bibtex/bibtex.html#HandbookDatabase2011

The HUMAINE database is grounded in HUMAINE’s core emphasis on considering emotion in a broad sense – ‘pervasive... more The HUMAINE database is grounded in HUMAINE’s core emphasis on considering emotion in a broad sense – ‘pervasive emotion’ – and engaging with the way it colours action and interaction. The aim of the database is to provide a resource to which the community can go to see and hear the forms that emotion takes in everyday action and interaction, and to look at the tools that might be relevant to describing it. Earlier chapters in this handbook describe the techniques and models underpinning the collection and labeling of such data. This chapter focuses on conveying the range of forms that emotion takes in the database, the ways that they can be labeled, and the issues that the data raises. The HUMAINE Database
provides naturalistic clips which record that kind of material, in multiple modalities, and labelling techniques that are suited to describing it.

Risk Preferences and Aging: The “Certainty Effect” in Older Adults’ Decision Making

by Nina Mazar

Cp-authored with Mara Mather, Marissa A. Gorlick, Nichole R. Lighthall, Jessica Burgeno, Andrej Schoeke, and Dan Ariely, conditional accept at 'Psychology and Aging'

A prevalent stereotype is that people become less risk taking and more cautious as they get older. However, in... more A prevalent stereotype is that people become less risk taking and more cautious as they get older. However, in laboratory studies, findings are mixed and often reveal no age differences. In the current series of experiments, we examined whether age differences in risk seeking are more likely to emerge when choices include a certain option (a sure gain or a sure loss). In four experiments, we found that age differences in risk preferences only emerged when participants were offered a choice between a risky and a certain gamble but not when offered two risky gambles. In particular, Experiments 1 and 2 included only gambles about potential gains. Here, compared with younger adults, older adults preferred a certain gain over a chance to win a larger gain and thus, exhibited more risk aversion in the domain of gains. But in Experiments 3 and 4, when offered the chance to take a small sure loss rather than risking a larger loss, older adults generally exhibited more risk seeking in the domain of losses than younger adults. In a nutshell, our findings suggest that older adults weigh certainty more heavily than younger adults.

Expressive copying behavior for socially interacting machines: A perceptual analysis

by Christopher Edward Peters

Castellano, G., Mancini, M., Peters, C., and McOwan, P. W. "Expressive copying behavior for socially interacting machines: A perceptual analysis", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, to appear: 2012 doi: 10.1109 / TSMCA.2011.2172415

Successful human interaction commonly involves prototypical exchanges where interactors are engaged, synchronized and... more Successful human interaction commonly involves prototypical exchanges where interactors are engaged, synchronized and harmonious in their behaviors. The copying of aspects of the other’s behavior, at different levels, seems central to establishing and maintaining such empathic connections. Yet many questions remain unanswered, in particular, how it is possible to reflect the same affective content back to the other when the actual motion itself is not exactly the same as theirs. This work presents a perceptual study in which emotional gestures conducted by an actor were mapped onto synthesized versions generated by an embodied virtual agent. Copying is at the expressive level, where qualities such as the fluidity or expansiveness of gestures are considered, rather than exact lowlevel motion matching. Participants were later asked to rate the emotional content of video recordings of both the original and the synthesized gestures. A statistical analysis shows that, in most cases, participants associated the emotional content of the agent’s gestures with that intended to be expressed by the original actor. The results suggest that a combination of the type of movement performed and its quality are important for successfully communicating emotions.

Audible smiles and frowns affect speech comprehension

by Hugo Quené

Co-authored with Gün R. Semin and Francesco Foroni, in press in Speech Communication, 2012.

Highlights:
► Smiles and frowns may interfere with speech production and comprehension. ► Speech synthesis of words with positive and with negative meaning. ► Formants shifted up or down to simulate smiling and frowning. ► Incongruent smiling or frowning impedes speech comprehension. ► Interference due to motor mimicry of smiling and frowning gestures.

Keywords: Smiles; Speech comprehension; Emotion; Affect perception; Motor resonance

Motor resonance processes are involved both in language comprehension and in affect perception. Therefore we predict... more Motor resonance processes are involved both in language comprehension and in affect perception. Therefore we predict that listeners understand spoken affective words slower, if the phonetic form of a word is incongruent with its affective meaning. A language comprehension study involving an interference paradigm confirmed this prediction. This interference suggests that affective phonetic cues contribute to language comprehension. A perceived smile or frown affects the listener, and hearing an incongruent smile or frown impedes our comprehension of spoken words.

Geographies of Geborgenheit: beyond feelings of safety and the fear of crime

by Jan Simon Hutta

published in 'Environment and Planning D: Society and Space', 2009

This paper critically engages with the concepts of `feelings of safety' and `fear of crime' as they have been deployed... more This paper critically engages with the concepts of `feelings of safety' and `fear of crime' as they have been deployed in recent politics of community safety. While the first part of the paper discusses the staging of what is referred to as a dispositif of safety, which discursively frames subjective ^ spatial relations in powerful ways, the second part moves towards an understanding of lived experiences of spaces and places that unfold within, but also beyond, the dispositif of safety. For this purpose, the German concept of Geborgenheit is introduced. For a theoretical elaboration of this concept,Walter Benjamin's work around experience and temporality is referred to and articulated with Deleuzian theory. An analysis of Geborgenheit, it is argued, displaces hegemonic notions of `safety' by addressing the dynamics that enable subjects to open up to and nest within a place. The paper concludes with a discussion of vignettes from a qualitative study in Berlin in order to exemplify the constitution of geographies of Geborgenheit in the context of recent safety politics.

From dispositional affect to academic goal attainment: the mediating role of coping

by Isabelle Soucy Chartier

Enthusiasm as Affective Labour: On the Productivity of Enthusiasm in the Media Industry

by Andreas Wittel

co-authored 2009 with Goetz Bachmann

Physical activity and adolescents: An exploratory randomized controlled trial investigating the influence of affective and instrumental text messages

by Reema Sirriyeh

Editorial (SiSAL Journal special issue on learner involvement in self-access)

by Jo Mynard

Mynard, J. (2011). Editorial. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 2(2), 48-50.

Learner involvement is relevant to self-access learning in a number of ways and this special issue will highlight... more Learner involvement is relevant to self-access learning in a number of ways and this special issue will highlight three of them through its contributions. Firstly, there is a learner’s involvement in his or or her own self-directed learning. Secondly, there is the emotional involvement with learning. Thirdly, there is learner involvement in the actual running of a self-access centre. read more.. http://sisaljournal.org/archives/jun11/editorial/

"Envy and Elegy: The Rivalrous Emotions in Surrey's 'So Crewell Prison,'" SEL: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 54.1 (2014) [Forthcoming].

by Bradley J. Irish

In "So crewell prison," the poet earl of Surrey mourns both the death of an intimate boyhood friend—the duke... more In "So crewell prison," the poet earl of Surrey mourns both the death of an intimate boyhood friend—the duke of Richmond, illegitimate son and probable heir to King Henry VIII—and the loss of the adolescent life they shared together. While recent scholars have (rightly) emphasized the eroticized component of Surrey’s grief, this essay argues that “So crewell prison” is equally marked by a darker affective register: the sentiments of envy, jealousy, and aggression that fester in Surrey’s memory. By unpacking the ambivalent, rivalrous dynamics of “So crewell prison”—and reading them alongside Surrey and Richmond’s historical relationship—I offer an emotionally-inclusive, contextually-sensitive account of the poem’s elegiac operation, with aims to expand the focus of recent critical treatments.

The Political Left Rolls with the Good and the Political Right Confronts the Bad: Connecting Physiology and Cognition to Preferences

by Michael Gruszczynski

Coauthored with Michael D. Dodd, Amanda Balzer, Carly M. Jacobs, Kevin B. Smith, and John R. Hibbing. Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, 2012.

Affect Theory Reader - intro (Seigworth/Gregg)

by Greg Seigworth

From Affection to Soul

by Greg Seigworth

Fashioning A Stave, or, Singing Life

by Greg Seigworth

Affective priming: empirical data and theoretical models].

by Vincent Berthet

Mixed Signals: Combining Linguistic and Affective Functions of Eyebrows in Questions in Sign Language of the Netherlands

by Connie de Vos

De Vos, C., Van der Kooij, E., & Crasborn, O. (2009). Mixed signals: Combining linguistic and affective functions of eyebrows in questions in Sign Language of the Netherlands. Language and Speech, 52(2/3), 315-339.

The eyebrows are used as conversational signals in face-to-face spoken interaction (Ekman, 1979). In Sign Language of... more The eyebrows are used as conversational signals in face-to-face spoken interaction (Ekman, 1979). In Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT), the eyebrows are typically furrowed in content questions, and raised in polar questions (Coerts, 1992). On the other hand, these eyebrow positions are also associated with anger and surprise, respectively, in general human communication (Ekman, 1993). This overlap in the functional load of the eyebrow positions results in a potential conflict for NGT signers when combining these functions simultaneously. In order to investigate the effect of the simultaneous realization of both functions on the eyebrow position we elicited instances of both question types with neutral affect and with various affective states. The data were coded using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS: Ekman, Friesen, & Hager, 2002) for type of brow movement as well as for intensity. FACS allows for the coding of muscle groups, which are termed Action Units (AUs) and which produce facial appearance changes. The results show that linguistic and affective functions of eyebrows may influence each other in NGT. That is, in surprised polar questions and angry content question a phonetic enhancement takes place of raising and furrowing, respectively. In the items with contrasting eyebrow movements, the grammatical and affective AUs are either blended (occur simultaneously) or they are realized sequentially. Interestingly, the absence of eyebrow raising (marked by AU 1+2) in angry polar questions, and the presence of eyebrow furrowing (realized by AU 4) in surprised content questions suggests that in general AU 4 may be phonetically stronger than AU 1 and AU 2, independent of its linguistic or affective function.

The Mediator Roles of Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem between the Affective Components of Psychological Well-Being and the Cognitive Symptoms of Problematic …

by Mithat Durak

Key Words: Problematic Internet use, Cognitions, Positive affect, Negative affect, Life satisfaction, Self-esteem

The factors associated with cognitions about problematic Internet use have been empirically tested in various studies.... more The factors associated with cognitions about problematic Internet use have been empirically tested in various studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the mediator roles of both life satisfaction and self-esteem between affective components of subjective well-being and cognitions about problematic Internet use. For this purpose, the model that was conceptualized by Davis (Comput Human Behav 17:187–195, 2001), Caplan (Comput Human Behav 18:553–575 2002), and Lent et al. (J Vocat Behav 74:190–198 2009) was modified and used as the theoretical framework for this study. The impacts of life satisfaction and self-esteem on the association between affective components of psychological well-being (positive and negative) and cognitions about problematic Internet use were tested by using structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of 480 Turkish university students. The results reveal that by playing a mediator role, self-esteem impacted positive/negative affect and life satisfaction and, hence, indirectly influenced cognitions about problematic Internet use. Examining the roles of self-esteem and subjective well-being will provide a new starting point for further studies.

A computational model of affects

by Mika Turkia

Emotional and Social Immersion in Virtual Worlds : Towards Believable Human-Computer Interaction

by María Lucila Morales-Rodríguez

María Lucila Morales-Rodríguez, Bernard Pavard. Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on Computer Science Research CIICC'08. pp.229-235, 2008

In this paper, we propose a pluridisciplinary approach to model emotional and social interfaces through Intelligent... more In this paper, we propose a pluridisciplinary approach to model emotional and social interfaces through Intelligent Virtual Agents. This model has been implemented as a virtual therapist1. Our research are interested in the simulation of the emotional and reflexive’s dimensions of a human interaction. We thought that this kind of simulation could produce a sense of social and emotional immersion, and thus, to improve the human-computer interaction.