by Chizimuzo Okoli
Okoli, C.T.C., Khara, M., Torchalla, I., Ensom, M.H.H., Oliffe, J.L., Bottorff, J.L., Stanley, PJ. (2011). Sex differences in smoking cessation outcomes of a tailored program for individuals with substance use disorders and mental illness. Addictive Behaviors, 36 (5), 523-536. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.12.029
Given that tobacco use is highly prevalent among individuals with a history of substance use disorders (SUD) and/or... more
Given that tobacco use is highly prevalent among individuals with a history of substance use disorders (SUD) and/or Psychiatric Disorders (PD), the purpose of this study was to evaluate sex differences in the characteristics and smoking cessation (SC) outcomes for individuals with SUD and PD accessing outpatient tobacco dependence treatment services. Of the 258 participants (62% male, mean age = 48.6 years) we found that individuals with an PD, greater social support for quitting, and a greater number of visits to the TDC program were more likely to be female; whereas males were more likely to have an SUD, were older in age, smoked a greater number of cigarettes per day, and had higher confidence in quitting smoking. End of-treatment smoking cessation was 32.2% (based on an intent-to-treat analysis) with no significant difference between females and males (females = 35.4% vs males = 30.2). However, differential predictors of successful smoking cessation were found by sex. Among females, lower baseline expired carbon monoxide (CO) levels and a greater number of visits to the program were associated with SC; and having a history of alcohol, heroin and other opioids, and marijuana use were predictive of unsuccessful SC, whereas baseline expired CO level and a greater number of visits to the program were predictive of SC. These factors may be important in the design of enhanced sex tailored treatments and development of future SC programs for individuals with SUD and MI.
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