Abnormal Psychology

Communicative Act Model of Psychotic Delusions

by Adam Timlett

A model of how bizarre delusions could result from mild paranaoia, based on my own first-person experiences. A model of how bizarre delusions could result from mild paranaoia, based on my own first-person experiences.

PHDabstract-résumésdethèse

by Claude-Olivier Doron

This document includes english and french abstracts of my PhD Thesis on 'Races and degeneration. The emergence on the... more This document includes english and french abstracts of my PhD Thesis on 'Races and degeneration. The emergence on the knowledge on the abnormals', a detailed description of the different chapters (in french) and of its main results (in french) and its table of contents.

Relations between parenting and child behavior: Exploring the child's personality and parental self-efficacy as third variables

by Dillon T. Browne

Psychometric Properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish University Students, Correctional Officers, and Elderly Adults

by Mithat Durak

Key Words: Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS, university students, elderly, correctional officers, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, multi-group comparison

This study aims to extensively examine the psychometric properties of adapted version of the Satisfaction with Life... more This study aims to extensively examine the psychometric properties of adapted version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in different Turkish samples. In order to test the psychometric properties of the SWLS three separate and independent samples are utilized in this study, namely university students (n = 547), correctional officers (n = 166), and elderly adults (n = 123). Concerning the reliability of the scale, internal consistency and item-total correlation coefficients are found to be satisfactory for all three samples. As for the validity studies, concurrent validity of the scale is supported in all three samples by revealing the association of SWLS with conceptually related measures, which included depression, self-esteem, positive affect and negative affect, work stress, and monthly income measures. Discriminant validity is examined only in the sample of university students, and SWLS revealed a non-significant correlation with a conceptually unrelated construct (i.e., willingness to self-censor). Consistent with the original scale, a single-factor solution model reveals an adequate fit in all three different samples. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis with multi-group comparisons performed demonstrates that SWLS has the same theoretical structure for three different groups on the basis of a single-factor solution model. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

A 20-h recovery sleep after prolonged sleep restriction: some effects of competing in a world record-setting cinemarathon (1995)

by Tore Nielsen

The recovery sleep of a 21-year-old normal woman was assessed after she had endured 11(1/2) days of sleep restriction... more The recovery sleep of a 21-year-old normal woman was assessed after she had endured 11(1/2) days of sleep restriction in a world record-setting film-viewing marathon. An exceptional sleep debt was observed as indicated by an instanteous sleep onset, a high sleep efficiency, and a total sleep duration of over 20 hours. Other striking features of this recovery sleep were very short latencies to stages 3 and 4 sleep, return of Stage 4 sleep after 14.5 h, REM and SWS sleep rebound, and a linear increase in REM sleep efficiency across 14 consecutive REM-NREM episodes. Seven of nine home dreams reported after this recording contained competition themes, but none relating to the marathon films. Comparisons of the present results with those from subjects in previous record-setting events suggest possible explanations for the extremely long recovery sleep. Results also suggest that analyses of multiple consecutive sleep cycles may provide novel ways of assessing hypotheses about regulation of the REM-NREM cycle.

Social psy

by Anson Wong

Dedicated to Dr. Richard Pohl

This paper will be illustrated mental illness- depression from social psychological perspective. This paper will be... more This paper will be illustrated mental illness- depression from social psychological perspective. This paper will be recognizing different phenomenological relationships from social psychological perspective and the following areas such as cognition, personality, physiology, social psychology, abnormality and so forth. Thus, this paper will be illustrated from those perspectives, consisting of fundamental basis in social psychology. I will be demonstrated data in Hong Kong, and to figure out the situation in Hong Kong thru different resources. In order to show phenomenological relationship and each phenomenon has an appropriate illustration; there will have different significant sources from important psychologists. This paper does a fundamental conceptualization in social psychology.

Introduction to psychology- regrading to child sexual abuse

by Anson Wong

Sexual abuse is a complicated issue. Variety of causes, consequences, and resources will be concluded and explored in... more Sexual abuse is a complicated issue. Variety of causes, consequences, and resources will be concluded and explored in the style of APA .

Gestalterapia: ensaio de superação ética de sua violenta condição de psicoterapia do Eu

by Herlon Bezerra

BEZERRA, Herlon A. Gestalt Terapia: ensaio de superação ética de sua violenta condição de psicoterapia do Eu. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Departamento de Psicologia. Fortaleza: 2002. (Monografia de Conclusão de Curso).

As transformações culturais contemporâneas vêm promovendo movimentos discursivos cujo significado final parece ser o... more As transformações culturais contemporâneas vêm promovendo movimentos discursivos cujo significado final parece ser o de uma verdadeira reviravolta cultural pós-metafísica. Em tal condição cultural residem, parece certo, questionamentos críticos fundamentais quanto aos tradicionais modelos éticos prescritivos, fundados na estabelecida metafísica ocidental grega. Esse o sentido, por exemplo, de propostas como a da ética da alteridade radical, do filósofo judeu e franco-lituano, Emmanuel Lévinas. Partindo da potente radicalidade crítica levinasiana, Freire (2002) empreendeu um desafiante diálogo com as psicologias do contexto da modernidade tardia. O presente exercício encontra-se inspirado nesse trabalho e ensaia, a partir de uma desleitura inventiva da Gestalterapia, introduzir um parâmetro de leitura no qual possa dar-se a promoção de uma superação ética de leituras nas quais essa abordagem é significada como psicoterapia do Eu, de pretensões ortopédicas e, assim, manifestamente violenta. Este é, pois, um discurso esperançoso, que pretende apontar para as possibilidades contemporâneas de uma psicoterapia ética.

Healing the Pain of Grief

by Daniel Keeran MSW

by Daniel Keeran, MSW, RMHC-S

GRIEF COUNSELING THEORY AND SKILLS COURSE ONLINE

In this practical online course you will learn what to say to help someone who is grieving and needs healing to move forward in life. The course text and assignments are included in tuition and are sent to you immediately as a PDF attached email file with a hard copy sent by regular mail. To Register visit http://www.counseling-skills.com

This article is an excerpt from the chapter entitled “Grief Counseling Skills” in Effective Counseling Skills: the... more This article is an excerpt from the chapter entitled “Grief Counseling Skills” in Effective Counseling Skills: the practical wording of therapeutic statements and processes. More practical skills are found in the following press release http://prlog.org/11645786

Daniel Keeran, MSW, has been a professional counselor and therapist for over 30 years. He has provided counseling and training to thousands of professionals and the public through his private practice, seminars, and online training courses.

To order the best-selling training manual "Effective Counseling Skills" go to http://www.amazon.com/Effective-Counseling-Skills-therapeutic-statements/dp/1442177993

How To Heal Childhood Abuse and Loss of Parental Caring

by Daniel Keeran MSW

by Daniel Keeran, MSW, RMHC-S

In this paper, the College of Mental Health Counseling at more In this paper, the College of Mental Health Counseling at www.collegemhc.com presents a summary of the process for healing the effects of childhood abuse and loss of parental caring.

This report may be distributed freely to friends, family, and used for training purposes by including "used by permission of the College of Mental Health Counseling www.collegemhc.com "

The report is adapted from “Effective Counseling Skills” by Daniel Keeran, MSW, in hard copy and digital format on Amazon at http://www.amazon.com/Effective-Counseling-Skills-therapeutic-statements/dp/1442177993

The Killer Inside Us

by Ceilidh Lerwick

Newsletter style exploration of killing. Newsletter style exploration of killing.

Cognitive vulnerability and frontal brain asymmetry: Common predictors of first prospective depressive episode

by Alexander Shackman

Nusslock, R., Shackman, A. J., Coan, J. A., Harmon-Jones, E., Alloy, L. B. & Abramson, L. Y. (2011). Relations between cognitive and neurophysiological vulnerability to depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 497-503.

The hopelessness theory of depression proposes that individuals with a depressogenic cognitive style are more likely... more The hopelessness theory of depression proposes that individuals with a depressogenic cognitive style are more likely to become hopeless and experience depression following negative life events. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of cognitive style remain speculative, research indicates that decreased relative left frontal brain electrical activity holds promise as a trait-like marker of depression. This begs the question: Do measures of depressogenic cognitive style and resting frontal brain asymmetry index a common vulnerability? The present study provides preliminary support for this hypothesis. At baseline assessment, increased cognitive vulnerability to depression was associated with decreased relative left frontal brain activity at rest in individuals with no prior history of, or current, depression. Following baseline assessment, participants were followed prospectively an average of 3 years with structured diagnostic interviews at 4-month intervals. Both cognitive vulnerability and asymmetric frontal cortical activity prospectively predicted onset of first depressive episode in separate univariate analyses. Furthermore, multivariate analyses indicated that cognitive vulnerability and frontal asymmetry represented shared, rather than independent, predictors of first depression onset.

Insights into schizophrenia using positron emission tomography: building the evidence and refining the focus

by Nora S Vyas

British Journal of Psychiatry, July 2010

Schizophrenia involves dysregulation in dopaminergic
transmission. Studies show heightened presynaptic striatal... more Schizophrenia involves dysregulation in dopaminergic
transmission. Studies show heightened presynaptic striatal
dopaminergic function and elevated striatal D2/D3 receptor
density in the brain. Cognitive impairments result from
hypostimulation of D1 receptors and are associated with
dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex. Here we discuss
relevant positron emissions tomography (PET) studies and
provide future directions.

Age of Onset of Schizophrenia: Perspectives From Structural Neuroimaging Studies

by Nora S Vyas

Many of the major neuropsychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, have a typical age of onset in late... more Many of the major neuropsychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia, have a typical age of onset in late adolescence.
Late adolescence may reflect a critical period in brain development making it particularly vulnerable for the onset of psychopathology. Neuroimaging studies that focus on this age range may provide unique insights into the onset and course of psychosis. In this review, we examine the evidence from 2 unique longitudinal cohorts that span the ages from early childhood through young adulthood; a study of childhood-onset schizophrenia where patients and siblings are followed from ages 6 through to their early twenties, and an ultra-high risk study where subjects (mean age of 19 years) are studied before and after the onset of psychosis. From the available evidence, we make an argument that subtle, regionally specific, and genetically influenced alterations during developmental age windows influence the course of psychosis and the resultant brain phenotype. The importance of examining trajectories of development and the need for future combined approaches,
using multimodal imaging together with molecular studies
is discussed.

social anxiety and psychological abuse (in Spanish)

by LuisJoaquin Garcia-Lopez, Ph.D.

Psychological abuse is receiving increased attention focusing on its severe effects for the individual and for society... more Psychological abuse is receiving increased attention focusing on its severe effects for the individual and for society as a whole. Despite the considerable amount of research, there is a lack of information on the role that psychopathology may play in the etiology, development and maintenance of the abuse. As can be seen in other papers in this special issue, there is scattered information regarding the potential role of anxiety disorders, and particularly the social anxiety disorder. To fill this gap, this paper reviews the state-of-art including studies examining or including the relationship between social anxiety and topics such as sexual abuse, couple abuse, bullying and mobbing, also covered in this special issue. Overall, findings indicate a strong correlation between social anxiety and vulnerability to psychological abuse, particularly to bullying and mobbing.

El abuso psicológico es una de las problemáticas que se encuentran desafortunadamente en vigencia y cuyas consecuencias negativas son nefastas para el individuo en particular y la sociedad en general. Aunque existe una considerable cantidad de información e investigación sobre este tema, aún se desconocen factores de riesgo a nivel de psicopatología. Como se ha observado en los artículos que preceden a éste, existen algunos indicios acerca del papel que puede estar jugando algunos trastornos de ansiedad y, más concretamente, el trastorno de ansiedad social, en el origen, desarrollo y mantenimiento del abuso. Como resultado, en este trabajo revisaremos aquellos estudios que han mostrado la relación entre presencia de ansiedad social y abuso sexual, abuso en la pareja, abuso escolar (bullying) y acoso laboral (mobbing), siguiendo, asimismo, el orden de los trabajos presentados en este monográfico. En general, los datos señalan que existe un cuerpo de evidencia que señala una fuerte correlación positiva entre ansiedad social y vulnerabilidad frente al abuso psicológico, en concreto con el abuso escolar y el acoso laboral.

Conflicts of Interest in Research on Antipsychotic Treatment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder, Temper Dysregulation Disorder, and Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms Syndrome: Exploring the Unholy Alliance Between Big Pharma and Psychiatry

by Brent Robbins

Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 1(4), 2-79.

The pharmaceutical industry, especially the sale of psychiatric drugs, is one of the most profitable businesses in the... more The pharmaceutical industry, especially the sale of psychiatric drugs, is one of the most profitable businesses in the world. Because of its large profits, these companies find themselves in a position to invest enormous amounts of resources into the sale and marketing of their products. At times, their intense marketing tactics exert an economic influence on the research and practice of psychiatry that threatens to have a deleterious effect on the credibility and validity of psychiatric interventions. The loss of credibility and validity in psychiatric science may undermine public trust in psychiatry’s ability to meet the medical and psychological needs of patients with mental disorders. By investigating the conflicts of interest in the research of psychiatric medications and exploring the recent past in which the efficacy of antidepressants has been called into question, the logic of this analysis leads us to caution psychiatric consumers about the efficacy and safety of atypical
antipsychotic medications, especially when used for psychiatric treatment of vulnerable populations such as children and the
elderly. These cautions extend also to the decision of the DSM-5 task force to consider the inclusion of pediatric bipolar disorder, attenuated psychotic symptoms syndrome (also known as psychotic risk syndrome), and temper dysregulation disorder for the forthcoming fith edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The investigation into conflicts of interest between the pharmaceutical industry and medical research in psychiatry leads us to the tentative conclusion that the DSM-5 task force should place a moratorium on consideration of any new diagnostic category that would promote the prescription of antipsychotic medications to children or other vulnerable populations, such as the elderly.

"Parâmetros da escototaxia como modelo comportamental de ansiedade no paulistinha (Danio rerio, Cyprinidae, Pisces)"

by Caio Maximino

Minha dissertação de mestrado, versão para defesa

Mindfulness Approaches to Cognitive Behavior Therapy

by Nirbhay Singh

The Social Phobia Inventory (SoPhI): Validity and reliability in an adolescent population

by LuisJoaquin Garcia-Lopez, Ph.D.

Bermejo, R.M.1, Garcia-Lopez, L.J.2, Hidalgo, M.D. 3 & Kathleen A Moore 4
1 Department of Clinical Psychology. University of Murcia, Spain
2 Department of Psychology, University of Jaen, Spain.
3 Department of Basic Psychology and Methodology. University of Murcia, Spain.
4 School of Health Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Australia

Although there are numerous self-report measures to assess social anxiety in adults, and an increasing number in... more Although there are numerous self-report measures to assess social anxiety in adults, and an increasing number in adolescents, only one scale designed during the last decade, the Social Phobia Inventory (SoPhI; Moore & Gee, 2003) has included an item to tap DSM-IV criterion F of social anxiety disorder (i.e. social anxiety must be present for at least six months). However, questions remain regarding the validity of the SoPhI in other languages and cultures. To address this problem the SoPhI was administered in two studies: firstly, to 457 adolescents from a community sample in order to test the internal consistency and factor analysis of the scale; and secondly, to a clinical sample comprising 114 participants with a principal diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, and a control group consisting of 78 adolescents with no diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. The scale showed good psychometric properties, including test-retest reliability, convergent validity, internal consistency, and a single-factor structure similar to the original study. Together these findings support the use of the SoPhI in a language other than English and for this range of ages.

Neurobiology and phenotypic expression in early onset schizophrenia.

by Nora S Vyas

Vyas NS, Patel NH, Puri BK.

Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 2011 Feb;5(1):3-14.

Email author (nora.vyas@nih.gov) to request article

Aim: Early-onset schizophrenia (onset before adulthood) is a rare and severe form of the disorder that shows... more Aim: Early-onset schizophrenia (onset before adulthood) is a rare and severe form of the disorder that shows phenotypic and neurobiological continuity with adult-onset schizophrenia. Here, we provide a synthesis of keynote findings in this enriched population to understand better the neurobiology and pathophysiology of early-onset schizophrenia. Methods: A synthetic and integrative approach is applied to review studies stemming from epidemiology, phenomenology, cognition, genetics and neuroimaging data. We provide conclusions and future directions of research on early-onset schizophrenia. Results: Childhood and adolescent-onset schizophrenia is associated with severe clinical course, greater rates of premorbid abnormalities, poor psychosocial functioning and increased severity of brain abnormalities. Early-onset cases show similar neurobiological correlates and phenotypic deficits to adult-onset schizophrenia, but show worse long-term psychopathological outcome. Emerging technological advances have provided important insights into the genomic architecture of early-onset schizophrenia, suggesting that some genetic variations may occur more frequently and at a higher rate in young-onset than adult-onset cases. Conclusions: Clinical, cognitive, genetic and imaging data suggest increased severity in early-onset schizophrenia. Studying younger-onset cases can provide useful insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of schizophrenia and the complexity of gene-environment interactions leading to the emergence of this debilitating disorder.