16th Century (History)

L'ufficio del giudice: mediazione, inquisizione, confessione nei processi matrimoniali veneziani, 1420-1532. In: Rivista Storica Italiana, 3, 2003, 851-898.

by Cecilia Cristellon

"Io voleva tuor quello che mio padre me daria". Autorità parentale e scelte matrimoniali dei figli: Venezia XV e XVI secolo, in: D. Lombardi, I. Fazio (ed.), Generazioni: legami di parentela tra passato e presente, Roma: Viella, 2006, 205-221.

by Cecilia Cristellon

I processi matrimoniali veneziani. In: Tribunali del matrimonio (secoli XV-XVIII), Hg. Seidel Menchi, S., Quaglioni, D. (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2006), 101-122.

by Cecilia Cristellon

Does the Priest Have to Be There? Contested Marriages Before Roman Tribunals. Italy, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries. In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, 3, 2009, 10-30.

by Cecilia Cristellon

The Council of Trent established the requirements that a marriage be celebrated by the parish priest and two or more... more The Council of Trent established the requirements that a marriage be celebrated by the parish priest and two or more witnesses be present at the marriage (1563), but neglected to specify who the parish priest was. The decrees provoked confusion among both laymen and churchmen. Traces thereof can be found in the hitherto essentially unexplored documentation of The Congregation of the Council. This institution was founded in 1564 specifically to resolve the questions that arose all over the catholic world by the application of the decrees promulgated at Trent. The related records are held in the Vatican Secret Archive. Through an examination of this documentation, complemented by files of the Holy Office the author analyzes how the new rules were understood, experienced, used, circumvented, and manipulated both by laymen and churchmen in order to end an unwanted marriage, to facilitate a union that was socially transgressive, opposed by family, or even heterodox, and to respond to pastoral concerns.

Words or Gestures? Marriage Rituals in Renaissance Italy: Continuity and Change, 1400-1600, in: Regional Variations in Matrimonial Law and Custom in Europe, 1150- 1600, Ed. Korpiola, M. (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 275-287.

by Cecilia Cristellon

Co-authored with Silvana Seidel Menchi

Public Display of Affection: The Making of Marriage in the Venetian Courts before the Council of Trent (1420- 1545). In: The Erotic Cultures of Renaissance Italy, Hg. Matthews- Grieco, S. (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010), 173-197.

by Cecilia Cristellon

Marriage and Consent in Pretridentine Venice: Between Lay Conception and Ecclesiastical Conception, 1420-1545. In: The Sixteenth Century Journal, 39, 2008, 389-418.

by Cecilia Cristellon

The main sources of this article are 750 matrimonial trials discussed before the ecclesiastical court in Venice... more The main sources of this article are 750 matrimonial trials discussed before the ecclesiastical court in Venice (1420-1545). This article analyzes the differing conceptions of marriage held by the laity and by the ecclesiastical hierarchy as these ideas were expressed in a dialectical relationship in court. Central to this analysis is the concept of consent, since consent, with widely differing interpretations, formed the foundation and the essence of both canonical and lay customary marriage. In the pre-Tridentine ecclesiastical court, custom played a leading role in deciding matters related to the marriage bond. These sources allow access to aspects of marriage that are usually not recorded and make it possible to reevaluate social phenomena which have been defined from a post-Tridentine perspective as transgressive. Practices such as bigamy, concubinage, and stuprum appear not as deviant, but as part of socially accepted marital behavior that is much broader and more heterogeneous than historians have appreciated.

Call for papers - The Inner Revolution (16th and 17th century) [English version]

by Lo Sguardo - Rivista di Filosofia

This tenth issue of Lo Sguardo will be dedicated to the “inner revolution” of he 16th and 17th century; in particular it will delve into the matter of the interiorization of the world” and the development of an “individual interiority” in the period included betweenthe end of the Renaissance and the early modern Age. With this purpose the issue will consider the “psychology of the soul” livering over the role of the “auxialiry faculties” –such as memory, imagination, fantasy – in relation to the notion of apprehensio, to the practice of spiritual exercises and to the concept of homo faber sui.

Accepted languages: English, French, Italian, Spanish, German
Deadline for the delivery: September, 10th 2012

Please feel free to contact us for any further informations: redazione@losguardo.net

http://www.losguardo.net/index.html
http://www.losguardo.net/public/collabora/collabora.html

Disputas administrativas na periferia do império português: O Espírito Santo nas buscas pela Serra das Esmeraldas

by Fabio Reis

During the 17th century, the search for the mythical Serra das Esmeraldas becomes strong in Espirito Santo. The legend... more During the 17th century, the search for the mythical Serra das Esmeraldas becomes strong in Espirito Santo. The legend says that it was situated somewhere in the Capitania. The desire to find it and receive the benefits (mercês) for the services to the King leads to long and complicated political fights that interfere in all the layers of the Portuguese imperial administration. Partial product of the Master‟s degree researches, the analysis of this political fights allow us to see the existence of peripheral powers that do not correspond to the desires of the Crown and powerful enough to change the final decision.

La paternité littéraire des hérauts d'armes et les textes héraldiques. Héraut Sicile et le "Blason des couleurs en armes"

by Torsten Hiltmann

in: Maria de Lurdes Rosa, Miguel Metelo de Seixas (eds.), Estudos de Heráldica Medieval, Lisboa [accepted, forthcoming 2012].

english:
This paper aims to draw attention to the difficulties scholars encounter in trying to establish the... more english:
This paper aims to draw attention to the difficulties scholars encounter in trying to establish the authorship and the circumstances of the composition of heraldic texts. Based on the example of the famous “Blason des couleurs” treatise, commonly attributed to the herald Sicily, it shows how even seemingly clear evidence sometimes does not withstand a critical examination. It becomes even more complicated if text-immanent references to the authorship and circumstances of composition of the text are completely missing, as can be shown for the remarkable “Treatise on obsequies (and what heralds should know about it)” and especially in the case of mediaeval rolls of arms which much too often are deliberately attributed to some herald without any foundation. The paper would thus like to emphasise the specific features of the transition of heraldic texts and invite to a more critical approach to the question of their origin and authorship.

français:
L´objectif de cette contribution réside dans la volonté d´attirer l´attention sur les difficultés rencontrées par l´historien dans l´attribution correcte de la paternité littéraire et dans la classification appropriée de l´origine des textes héraldiques. À partir de l'exemple du fameux Blason des couleurs, communément attribué au héraut Sicile, nous voulons montrer comment même des preuves qui paraissent évidentes peuvent se révéler fausses après un examen critique. La recherche de la paternité littéraire est d´autant plus compliquée pour les textes qui ne contiennent pas d'indice sur leur origine – comme on peut le démontrer pour le remarquable Traité sur les obsèques (et ce que les hérauts d'armes en doivent savoir) et surtout pour les armoriaux médiévaux que l'on attribue trop volontairement à tel ou tel héraut sans disposer de preuves suffisantes, ce qui n´est pas sans conséquence pour l´interprétation de ces documents. Le propos de cet article est de démontrer la complexité du contexte de la tradition dans lequel les textes héraldiques ont pu être transmis et d´inviter à une analyse plus critique de la question de l'origine, de la transmission et particulièrement de la paternité littéraire des textes héraldiques.


deutsch:
Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, auf die Schwierigkeiten hinzuweisen, welche die korrekte Zuordnung der Autorschaft und die angemessene Einordnung der Entstehung heraldischer Texte an den Historiker stellt. Am Beispiel des bekannten „Blason des couleurs“, der gemeinhin Herolds Sicile zugewiesen wird, soll gezeigt werden, wie selbst offenkundig eindeutige Belege einer kritischen Prüfung nicht standhalten. Umso komplizierter wird es, wenn textimmanente Hinweise auf die Autorschaft und die Umstände der Entstehung der Texte ganz fehlen, was sich besonders anhand des außergewöhnlichen Obsequientraktates (oder was Herolde darüber wissen sollten) zeigen läßt wie insbesondere anhand der Wappenbücher, die viel zu gern bestimmten Herolden zugewiesen werden, ohne daß es hierfür eine klare Beleglage gäbe. Der Beitrag möchte daher auf die Eigenheiten der Überlieferung heraldischer Texte aufmerksam machen und zu einem kritischeren Umgang mit diesen einladen.

Getaryggen 1567 - ett slagfält från Nordiska Sjuårskriget (årsrapport 2011) / Getaryggen 1567 - a Battlefield from the Nordic Seven Years War

by Claes Pettersson

Annual report from an ongoing reasearch project. Published by Miliseum / Jönköping County Museum

In late atumn 1567 a Danish army led by by the excellent commander Daniel Rantzau advanced north towards the castle of... more In late atumn 1567 a Danish army led by by the excellent commander Daniel Rantzau advanced north towards the castle of Jönköping. Their aim was to strike a decisive blow against the heartland of the Swedish realm, thus forcing the enemy to surrender or at least negotiate. What today is know as the Nordic Seven Years War had been going on since 1563 and the war-weariness spread rapidly among both soldiers and the ordinary population. And even more important - the treasuries in both countries were almost empty, meaning that armies consisting of mercenaries could not be kept together as fighting units much longer. Something had to be done.

The offensive of october 1567 followed the main highway from the Danish costal province of Halland into the neighbouring Swedish county of Småland. Here the primitive road followed the Nissan river valley. Despite the hilly terrain, dense woodland and late atumn rains Rantzau managed to lead his force to Jönköping in ten days, an impressive feat considering the fact that the army numbered 8 000 men, including cavalry, artillery and a large wagon train with supplies and followers.

For most of the time the outnumbered Swedish defenders kept their distance, avoiding open combat. Instead they blocked the road by felling trees and destroying bridges. But about 20 km southwest of Jönköping a blockhouse and some simple field fortifications in a good defensive position were manned by about 1000 men, both regular soldiers and local militia. The place was wisely chosen, being a hill and a flanking ridge overlooking the highway just where it left a long narrow causeway after having crossed a bog. But against the defenders came some of the best soldiers of their time; Danish, Scottish and German mercenaries led by Christoffer von Dohna. They were the vanguard of Rantzaus main army, also counting about 1000 men. But they were far better equipped, battlewise and expertly led. So, after a first skirmish and some initial losses von Dohna let loose his cavalry unit in a flanking movement while his infantry pushed uphill, along the road. The Swedish position was overrun and what can best be described as a slaughter started when the defenders tried to flee. Then followed the sacking of the Swedish camp.

Still, the Swedish High Command had reached their goal. By delaying Rantzau's army for several hours they got the time needed to destroy the bridges and causeways across the vast Dumme Mosse bog. And by doing so, winning another day on the Danish advance, they managed to evacuate and burn their own town and fortress, Jönköping, thus depriving Rantzau of an important base for a winter offensive. It was right - in theory. But instead of retreating to Danish territory the enemy commander pushed on into the rich county of Östergötland. There the army stayed, sacking and plundering, into the winter months of 1568 when lack of reinforcements resulted in a long march south, back to Denmark. In the end nothing had been achieved and the war went on for another three years...

Rantzau's offensive and the battle of Getaryggen has been the focus for a research project, managed by the Miliseum Museum in Skillingaryd and Jönköpings County Museum. The actual battlefield has been located and surveyed in 2010 and 2011. Despite a terrain quite unsuitable for metal detectors a number of finds tells the story of an almost forgotten conflict some 444 years ago. Lead bullets are few, but instead there are crossbow bolts, a short sword, knives, horse equipment and some tools that might have been used as "weapons" by the local militia. It has been possible to interpret the battle by using Rantzaus own war diary, topographical observations and the distribution of the finds. And today the battlefield is registered as an ancient monument and is given legal protection against plundering.

So far, so good. But now it's time to go one step further with the 1567-project. Having found the battlefield, our aim is to begin looking at the consequences of this conflict. Written sources tells us about an almost total devastation; of farms, villages and churches burned or plundered. Of a population starving in the harsh winter of 1568. Here is an important field of research as Småland today is seen as the most peaceful part of the world one could ever imagine. But following in the tracks of Rantzau's army you begin to see things quite differently. Because once this was a region harried by border wars over and over again...

Jérémie Foa et Nicolas Vidoni, Catherine de Médicis. Un destin plus grand que la prudence, Paris, Garnier, 2012.

by Jérémie Foa

Nytt standardverk om det finska frälset : Om Henrik Impolas bok Frälset och dess rusttjänst i Finland på 1500-talet [A new standard work on the Finnish 16th-century nobility — a review of Henrik Impola's ›The Nobility and Its Armament in Finland During the 16th Century› together with an exposition on the challenges in researching the 16th-century nobility in the Swedish-Finnish kingdom.]

by Urban Sikeborg

Published in Släkt och Hävd (Genealogiska Föreningen, Stockholm).

Ett göticistiskt släktbygge - Johan Bures minnessten från 1611

by Urban Sikeborg

Published in Släktforskarnas årsbok 2010 (Sveriges Släktforskarförbund, Stockholm).

The Michelade in Nimes, 1567

by Allan Tulchin

published in French Historical Studies (2006)

Study of Protestant massacre  of Catholics in 1567. Argues that when in power, Protestants in 16th France could... more Study of Protestant massacre  of Catholics in 1567. Argues that when in power, Protestants in 16th France could be just as murderous as Catholics. Protestants massacred fewer people because they were a minority, not because they were ideologically opposed to using violence.

Fundación, repoblación y buen gobierno en Castilla

by Amparo López Arandia

Co-authored with José Miguel Delgado Barrado and José Fernández García
Published in DELGADO BARRADO, J. M., FERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA, J. y LÓPEZ ARANDIA, Mª. A.: Fundación, repoblación y buen gobierno en Castilla. Campillo de Arenas, 1508-1543. Diputación Provincial de Jaén, Jaén, 2011, pp. 21-136
ISBN: 978-84-86843-71-7

Libro del lugar y población de Campillo de Arenas

by Amparo López Arandia

Published in DELGADO BARRADO, J. M., FERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA, J. y LÓPEZ ARANDIA, Mª. A.: Fundación, repoblación y buen gobierno en Castilla. Campillo de Arenas, 1508-1543. Diputación Provincial de Jaén, Jaén, 2011, pp. 143-420
ISBN: 978-84-86843-71-7

El epistolario del protonotario apostólico Gutierre González Doncel (1520-1526). Una aproximación

by Amparo López Arandia

published in CORTÉS PEÑA, A. L., LÓPEZ-GUADALUPE MUÑOZ, M. L., SÁNCHEZ-MONTES GONZÁLEZ, F. (eds.): Estudios en Homenaje al profesor José Szmolka Clares. Universidad de Granada, Granada, 2005, pp 359-377
ISBN: 84-338-3448-7

Castellanos y curia romana a inicios del siglo XVI: Gutierre González

by Amparo López Arandia

published in Dimensioni e problemi della ricerca storica, 2 (2005), pp. 55-87
ISBN: 88-430-3657-2

De Castilla a Michoacán. La obra de Gutierre González en la educación del siglo XVI

by Amparo López Arandia

Published in Revista Antropología Experimental, 10 (2010), pp. 129-147

Gutierre González (¿?-¿1527?) was one of the castilian priests who lived in Rome at the beginning of the 16th century.... more Gutierre González (¿?-¿1527?) was one of the castilian priests who lived in Rome at the beginning of the 16th century. He became different works in the curial court.
He wrote an educational treat, entitled Libro de doctrina christiana, which was writen for the school he founded in his born-city. However, his book not only was used there, but also in the Occidental Indias, by some projects like Vasco de Quiroga’s in Michoacán (Mexico).