Social Support

... TABLE 1 Students' Engaged Reading and Perceptions of Instruction Across Grades 3, 5, and 8 ... Middle school teachers identify with their content domain of science, math, history, or English. ... widespread belief is that reading has been taught and learned in the elementary grades ...

to explore the perceptions of primiparas on the contents, delivery and personal impact of postnatal psychoeducation programme. a descriptive qualitative study was conducted in a public tertiary hospital in Singapore in 2013. 18 primiparas who were able to read and speak English were recruited from the intervention group of a randomised controlled trial. a semi-structured interview guide was used to interview participants' perceptions on a postnatal psychoeducation programme at participants' home, which was developed based on the principles of self-efficacy and social exchange theories, between six and nine weeks post partum. The programme comprised of a 90-minute home visit, three weekly telephone follow-up and an educational booklet. the qualitative interviews revealed that the participants faced many challenges such as negative emotions and difficulties in breast feeding and support issues in the early postpartum period especially after the hospital discharge. However, all the participants in the intervention group perceived the postnatal psychoeducation programme to be helpful in increasing their confidence in newborn care, fostering help-seeking behaviour, improving emotional well-being and increasing their knowledge in newborn and self-care as well as in breast feeding. Suggestions for programme improvements included more home visits, more telephone follow-up and web-based psychoeducation as well as recommending postnatal psychoeducation programme to be offered as a routine care. Overall, there was a high satisfaction and acceptability with the programme. our findings indicate that the programme is beneficial for maternal well-being and confidence in maternal roles and, therefore, is promising to be introduced to the multiracial primiparas in Singapore. the challenges mothers experience during the postnatal period suggest that it would be worthwhile to devote more resources in providing follow-up support to the mothers in the early postpartum period. Midwives could incorporate a self-efficacy enhancing intervention with a family-centred approach to enable women to have a smooth transition to motherhood.

to examine the changes in and relationship between perceived social support and parenting self-efficacy in the perinatal period among pregnant women in mainland China. this was a secondary analysis with data from part of an experimental study of the effects of an interpersonal-psychotherapy-oriented childbirth psychoeducation programme on maternal adaptation. A longitudinal design was employed in the present study. The study was carried out from July 2008 to May 2009 in one general hospital in Guangzhou, China. a convenience sample of 68 first-time mothers in mainland China completed measurement of social support and parenting self-efficacy during pregnancy and at six weeks and three months post partum. perceived social support and parenting self-efficacy declined during early motherhood. Parenting self-efficacy increased from six weeks post partum to three months post partum. Perceived social support positively correlated with parenting self-efficacy. culturally competent health-care intervention should be developed during early motherhood to promote perceived social support and parenting self-efficacy for the new mothers.

To determine the effectiveness of a peer-led self-management programme for people with schizophrenia in reducing psychotic symptom severity, hospital readmission and psychiatric consultation and in enhancing cognition, empowerment, functioning level, medication adherence, perceived recovery, quality of life and social support. Several self-management programmes have been developed to empower patients with severe mental illness in achieving recovery. Research suggests that peer-led self-management programmes have positive effects on patient recovery. However, the existing evidence is inconclusive, due to a lack of credible evidence and long-term follow-up evaluations. A stratified randomized controlled trial will be conducted at six community mental health rehabilitation centres A sample of 242 adults with schizophrenia will be recruited. A peer-led self-management programme, comprising six 2-hour sessions, will be implemented in the intervention group and a standard rehabilitation programme in the control group. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, postintervention and at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The measures will include cognition, empowerment, functioning level, medication adherence, perceived recovery, quality of life, social support, symptom severity, hospital readmission and psychiatric consultation. A mixed effects model will be used to analyse the results. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted to explore the peer-trainers' and participants' perspectives on the programme. Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained in December 2011 and funding was obtained in January 2012. This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of a peer-led self-management programme for patient recovery. It will identify a clinically useful and potentially effective intervention that incorporates empowerment concept.

People with diabetes are at risk of developing complications that contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality. In 2011, the American Association of Diabetes Educators convened an invitational Reducing Risks Symposium, during which an interdisciplinary panel of 11 thought leaders examined current knowledge about the reduction and prevention of diabetes-related risks and translated evidence into diabetes care and self-management education. Symposium participants reviewed findings from the literature and engaged in a moderated roundtable discussion. This report summarizes the discussion and presents recommendations to incorporate into practice to improve outcomes. The objective of the symposium was to develop practical advice for diabetes educators and other members of the diabetes care team regarding the reduction of diabetes-related risks. Optimal diabetes management requires patients to actively participate in their care, which occurs most effectively with a multidisciplinary team. Diabetes education is an integral part of this team approach because it not only helps the patient understand diabetes, its progression, and possible complications, but also provides guidance and encouragement to the patient to engage in proactive risk-reduction decisions for optimal health. A variety of tools are available to help the diabetes educator develop an individualized, patient-centered plan for risk reduction. More research is needed regarding intervention efficacy, best practices to improve adherence, and quantification of benefits from ongoing diabetes support in risk reduction. Diabetes educators are urged to stay abreast of evolving models of care and to build relationships with health care providers both within and beyond the diabetes care team.

Veterans' health care has shifted towards outpatient treatment, and because of the high prevalence of chronic illness in veterans, more caregiving has been required of their families. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of caregiver (CG) strain and satisfaction associated with caring for veterans with chronic illness. Data were collected using telephone interviews of 120 dyads. Strain was associated with helping with instrumental activities of daily living, using counseling and prayer for coping, accompanying veteran to appointments, help/advice from friends, paid help, exercising, and depression. Satisfaction was associated with veteran health, CG social support, age, and depression. Innovative and easily accessible interventions are needed to mitigate sources of strain in CGs of chronically ill veterans.

Financial precarity is a reality for a significant portion of the U.S. population. The inability of people to live sustainably has wide-ranging ramifications for individuals, families, communities, and larger society. The lived experiences of those in low-income financial precarity is perpetually threatened and constrained from a material standpoint. In this grounded theory research, we analyzed the perceived manifestation of social support during financially precarious decision-making. This study contributes the notion of materially bounded decision-making as a theoretical concept that foregrounds the role of materiality in decision-making processes. The analysis revealed uncertainty, urgency, complexity, and risk as the underlying context for materially bounded decision-making. Depending on the strength or weakness of participants’ social support systems, the trajectory of decision-making processes changes, leading to two dominant decision-making pathways. Results indicated that at times communicative social support intervention provided a sense of temporary stability.

This article reports on results of a qualitative study of social supports and institutional resources utilized by individuals living with diabetes in a high-poverty urban setting. The goal was to examine how access to social capital among low-income populations facilitates and impedes their self-efficacy in diabetes self-management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 patients with diabetes from a safety net primary care practice in Buffalo, New York. Facilitators and barriers to successful self-management were identified in three broad areas: (1) the influence of social support networks; (2) the nature of the doctor-patient relationship; and (3) the nature of patient-health care system relationship. Patients' unmet needs were also highlighted across these three areas. Participants identified barriers to effective diabetes self-management directly related to their low-income status, such as inadequate insurance, and mistrust of the medical system. It may be necessary for patients to activate social capital from multiple social spheres to achieve the most effective diabetes management.

In this paper, we directly assessed the extent to which the association between religious attendance and the social support trajectories of older Mexican Americans is due to selection (spurious) processes related to personality, health status, and health behavior. We employed seven waves of data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1993-2010) to examine the association between religious attendance and perceived social support trajectories (n = 2,479). We used growth mixture modeling to estimate latent classes of social support trajectories and multivariate multinomial logistic regression models to predict membership in the social support trajectory classes. Growth mixture estimates revealed three classes of social support trajectories: high, moderate, and low. Multinomial logistic regression estimates showed that the odds of membership in the low support trajectory class (versus the high social support trajectory class) were lower for respondents who attended religious services yearly, monthly, weekly, and more than weekly than for respondents who never attend religious services. Religious attendance could not distinguish between membership in the moderate and high support trajectory classes. These results persisted with adjustments for age, gender, immigrant status, language proficiency, education, income, religious affiliation, marital status, living arrangements, contact with family/friends, secular group memberships, self-esteem, smoking, heavy drinking, depression, cognitive functioning, and physical mobility. We conclude that the association between religious attendance and the social support trajectories of older Mexican Americans is primarily driven by processes related to social integration, not selection.

Socialt stöd; två studier och en litteraturgenomgång, E. I. Korhonen, ISBN 978-91-639-6672-9 Three papers in swedish about social support. Socialt stöd; två studier och en litteraturgenomgång. ISBN 978-91-639-6672-9 Socialt stöd-en spegling av personlighetsdrag, fil. mag. examen uppsats, (+Appendix A och B). Socialt stöd vid hörselhandikapp (+Appendix). Socialt stöd vid kronisk sjukdom och handikapp-en litteraturgenomgång. Eija I. Korhonen

BACKGROUND
Interpersonal positivity and negativity are separable dimensions both recognized as having important effects on health. Though online social interactions and research examining them are increasingly common, no validated instrument has heretofore been developed to examine social support and social negativity specifically in online contexts. The present studies describe the development and validation of the Online Social Experiences Measure (OSEM) to allow for assessment of online social positivity and negativity simultaneously.

METHODS & RESULTS
In Study I, responses to a potential item pool were collected from participants (N = 557), who were then subdivided into two groups for the purposes of cross-validation via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results suggested the emergence of two factors: online social support (OSEM+ subscale) and online social negativity (OSEM− subscale). Across Studies I and II (N = 139), the OSEM showed good convergent and discriminant validity, and both subscales had high internal consistency. Study II included an ambulatory cardiovascular assessment and found the OSEM− subscale to be predictive of elevated diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. The OSEM+ subscale was predictive of more favorable cardiovascular readings for some types of participants (e.g. those with a greater number of online-only social ties).

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, results suggest online social positivity and negativity may have implications for physical health, and that the OSEM may be a useful tool in understanding online social processes.

Colloque organisé par l'association CIF-SP, la ville de Poitiers et la MSHS de Poitiers le 26 novembre 2019

Pourquoi un colloque sur l’âgisme ?
Il s’agit ici de croiser des approches universitaires et militantes qui ensemble doivent nous éclairer sur un impensé de notre société. Les stéréotypes, préjugés et discriminations liées à l’âge sont tellement prégnants qu’ils en sont invisibles et qu’on entrevoit à peine leurs effets.

An entrepreneur is a person who organizes, builds, owns, and runs a business; however, what else is involved in starting a new business venture? The United States cultivates a society of individualist outlooks, people that place their needs and the needs of their immediate family before others, which is a sharp contradiction to South Korea’s traditionally collectivist society, where individuals put the needs of the community, family, and their country before their personal needs.  With such differing outlooks, which culture is better at supporting entrepreneurs? This paper will explore possible differences between the cultures of the United States and South Korea in relation to social support for female entrepreneurs.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints plays a large role in providing formal and informal support for members who are experiencing psychological distress. An interview study of Latter-day Saint religious leaders revealed gendered barriers that female members must navigate in order to access support resources.  Latter-day Saint women must communicate to persuade male leaders, who act as gatekeepers and coordinators for the local religious community’s support efforts, that their mental health needs are legitimate. Male leaders acknowledged varied awareness about how gender enables or constrains those interactions.
Organizational barriers block female Latter-day Saint religious leaders from acting as commensurate alternative sources of mental health support. Interview participants’ talk about and by Relief Society presidents pointed to disparities in disclosure expectations between male and female leaders as well as Relief Society presidents’ inability to dispense money and other forms of direct organizational support as inequities that disproportionately affected LDS women. In addition, the fact that female LDS leaders lack priesthood authority blocks them from pastoral and confessional contexts in which much of the support for mental health needs are negotiated. The chapter concludes with a discussion of systemic inequities surrounding gender and mental health in Mormon contexts.

This chapter describes how religious organizations are filling a gap in care by either providing mental health services directly to their members or by referring them to professionals. It outlines the strengths religious organizations have in responding to the mental health needs of their members, which allow religious organizations to be flexible, inclusive, and responsive to member needs. However, unique challenges also exist when communicating about mental health in religious organizations, arising especially when the interests of the organization clash with the health needs of the individual. Future research opportunities that enable communication studies to make a meaningful contribution towards and understanding of the role of religion in mental wellness are described.