Rural Tourism
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Community-based tourism is an evolutionary form of the concept of mass tourism. One of the primary keys to developing community-based tourism is community participation. The process of developing Jabal Kelor tourism destinations has... more
Community-based tourism is an evolutionary form of the concept of mass tourism. One of the primary keys to developing community-based tourism is community participation. The process of developing Jabal Kelor tourism destinations has created several types of community participation. The researchers used a semi-structured interview with key informants involved in developing Jabal Kelor. Observation and documentation was used to check data validity. Interactive data analysis techniques took place continuously the data reached saturation point. The research results indicate that community participation in developing Jabal Kelor tourism destinations consists of participation of the community in areas such as inter alia such as idea formulation, participation, physical participation, skills and education participation, and also financial participation. The originality of this paper is the identification of community participation in efforts to develop Jabal Kelor tourism destinations. The less optimal form of community participation in Jabal Kelor is participation education and skills, and financial participation. The reasonfor this is the lack of community insight, and the people there are weak economic communities and they battle to make a livelihood.
There is no doubt that the tourism sector has become one of the major contributors to development and considered as agent of change for many parts of the world. The strengths of tourism (or community based rural tourism, CBRT in this... more
There is no doubt that the tourism sector has become one of the major contributors to development and considered as agent of change for many parts of the world. The strengths of tourism (or community based rural tourism, CBRT in this context) are described in various forms; as a tool in economic and physical development and as means to enhance the social and human capital development and conservation of natural environment. In rural areas especially in developing countries, tourism development had been eagerly embraced as a panacea for revitalising the rural economy, hence many government agencies, particularly tourism-related bodies, have also invested heavily to promote more sustainable forms of community-based tourism in rural areas. Under normal situation i.e. where CBRT is operated outside disaster prone areas or with notion of less considerations on reducing disaster risk in operating a tourism business, CBRT might flourish in rural areas, and in return would be able to secure local job creation, stable income generation, curbing outmigration among youths and workers, protecting natural resources and local culture, etc. As for CBRT programmes which are operating in disaster-prone areas, their operators might not share similar opinions as they have to cope with different issues and challenges, which in this context, challenges in generating sufficient income for sustaining their operation and also in reducing disaster risk and potential losses to their business. This paper will discuss possible challenges in sustaining CBRT programmes in disaster-prone areas based on the findings from data analysis of a case study of homestay operators in Mesilou Village in Sabah, Malaysia, particularly after the 2015 earthquake.
Multi-hazards and disasters affect our lives greatly and therefore it become everyone's business. Every time disaster hit a community, it left substantial damages to physical and non-physical components (particularly economic and social... more
Multi-hazards and disasters affect our lives greatly and therefore it become everyone's business. Every time disaster hit a community, it left substantial damages to physical and non-physical components (particularly economic and social aspects) that shaped our livelihood. From the community-based rural tourism (CBRT) point of view, disaster occurrences often led to significant decrease to destination image and reputation, increase fear of safety, damaging infrastructure and agriculture land. These led to the declining of tourist arrivals which affect income generation and revenue from tourism to the community. Failure to acknowledge these direct and indirect effects might weaken the tourism community's capacity in coping with future disasters. Based on previous studies on CBRT in disaster-prone areas, researchers have uncovered unique cases whereby some rural communities that operates tourism as a vital income are able to raise above adversity and become resilient. In this light, a tourism community in Mesilou Village in Sabah, Malaysia is selected as a case study. This community was badly affected by 6.0-magnitude earthquake that hit Kota Belud in June 2015. At the time, a study of the post-earthquake has been conducted by a group of researchers from UTM in October 2015 and discovered that Mesilou had about 20 homestay operators. For nearly six months after the earthquake, the majority of CBRT operators were affected with high booking cancellation, damages of infrastructure (main road, bridges), disruption of water and electricity supplies and local transportation which hindered tourists from coming to their village. In October 2018, an impact study had been conducted by the same researchers from UTM and found that CBRT in Mesilou not only recovered from the disaster, but remarkably has been booming since then. This is evident from the survey which indicated a growing number of homestays from 20 full time operators (until 2015) to 40 homestays by October 2018. Two general conclusions can be made from the result of data analysis; (1) disaster did not deter the tourists from visiting Mesilou after the earthquake; (2) the CBRT operators pose strong social, economic and environmental capitals to "bounce back" from adversity and rebuilt the community prior to the disasters. This paper will discuss the lessons learned from CBRT operators in Mesilou regarding business recovery and resiliency prior to disaster.
The recognition of the role of tourism planners in seeking to contribute to local residents' well-being by mitigating the potential costs of tourism development has been given more attention in the last decades. Several studies on the... more
The recognition of the role of tourism planners in seeking to contribute to local residents' well-being by mitigating the potential costs of tourism development has been given more attention in the last decades. Several studies on the perception of positive or negative impacts, based on sustainability (namely the three pillars: economic, sociocultural and environmental) have been developed. However , the studies have been somewhat limited in terms of approaches, namely with respect to the contribution and participation of stakeholders. In this study, we attempted to use a bidirectional analysis of involvement and tourism knowledge to segment the residents and analyse their perception of the impacts. A total of 373 valid surveys were applied in a rural mountainous municipality (Boticas) during 2015 and 2016. In this municipality, tourism (activity) is an emergent activity. The results show that more informed and more involved residents have more positive perceptions of tourism than other groups, while less informed and less involved residents have more negative perceptions of it. The study contributes to increasing the knowledge about residents' perceptions of tourism, adding the aspects of involvement, especially in rural areas. This type of proposal can be applied to any destination to help manage residents' opinions and, consequently, their support of tourism development.
Veja a nova Newsletter CREATOUR com algumas notícias e um presente especial - o lançamento do documentário CREATOUR (estreia a 25 de dezembro!) 😄 *** CREATOUR Newsletter with some brief news and a special gift - the launch of the CREATOUR... more
Veja a nova Newsletter CREATOUR com algumas notícias e um presente especial - o lançamento do documentário CREATOUR (estreia a 25 de dezembro!) 😄
***
CREATOUR Newsletter with some brief news and a special gift - the launch of the CREATOUR Documentary (premiere December 25th)!! 😄
https://mailchi.mp/7f6f248bb06f/creatour-newsnotcias-11
***
CREATOUR Newsletter with some brief news and a special gift - the launch of the CREATOUR Documentary (premiere December 25th)!! 😄
https://mailchi.mp/7f6f248bb06f/creatour-newsnotcias-11
Abstract In general, the studies on the effects of tourism are on the economic impact of tourism. In terms of economic contribution; the impact of tourism on national income, the importance of tourism revenues in foreign trade revenues,... more
Abstract
In general, the studies on the effects of tourism are on the economic impact of tourism. In terms of economic contribution; the impact of tourism on national income, the importance of tourism revenues in foreign trade revenues, the relationship between tourism and rural development are important areas of study. However, tourism is not only an economic activity with economic effects, but also a wide area with its socio-cultural and environmental effects. This paper focuses on the social effects of tourism. Accordingly, within the framework of Turkey's Tourism Strategy Document, the function of tourism as a tool of social policy in Turkey is discussed. However, the study examined the possible roles and functions of rural tourism in terms of social policies.
Özet
Genel olarak turizmin etkilerine yönelik çalışmalara bakıldığında turizmin ekonomik etkisi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Yani ekonomik katkı bakımından konu; turizmin milli gelire etkisi, dış ticaret gelirleri içinde turizm gelirlerinin önemi, turizm ve kırsal kalkınma ilişkisi gibi konular önemli çalışma alanlarıdır. Oysa ki turizm sadece ekonomik etkileri bulunan bir iktisadi faaliyet olmayıp, aynı zamanda sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel etkileri ile de çok geniş bir alanı ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada makro bir bakışla turizmin sosyal etkileri üzerinde durularak, Türkiye Turizm Strateji Belgesi çerçevesinde, Türkiye'de bir sosyal politika aracı olarak turizmin işlevi tartışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte çalışmada özellikle kırsal turizmin sosyal politikalar bakımından rol ve işlevleri de incelenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Turizm, sürdürülebilir kalkınma, sosyal politikalar, kırsal turizm, Türkiye
http://www.antjournals.org/index.php/irtadjournal/article/view/352
In general, the studies on the effects of tourism are on the economic impact of tourism. In terms of economic contribution; the impact of tourism on national income, the importance of tourism revenues in foreign trade revenues, the relationship between tourism and rural development are important areas of study. However, tourism is not only an economic activity with economic effects, but also a wide area with its socio-cultural and environmental effects. This paper focuses on the social effects of tourism. Accordingly, within the framework of Turkey's Tourism Strategy Document, the function of tourism as a tool of social policy in Turkey is discussed. However, the study examined the possible roles and functions of rural tourism in terms of social policies.
Özet
Genel olarak turizmin etkilerine yönelik çalışmalara bakıldığında turizmin ekonomik etkisi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Yani ekonomik katkı bakımından konu; turizmin milli gelire etkisi, dış ticaret gelirleri içinde turizm gelirlerinin önemi, turizm ve kırsal kalkınma ilişkisi gibi konular önemli çalışma alanlarıdır. Oysa ki turizm sadece ekonomik etkileri bulunan bir iktisadi faaliyet olmayıp, aynı zamanda sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel etkileri ile de çok geniş bir alanı ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada makro bir bakışla turizmin sosyal etkileri üzerinde durularak, Türkiye Turizm Strateji Belgesi çerçevesinde, Türkiye'de bir sosyal politika aracı olarak turizmin işlevi tartışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte çalışmada özellikle kırsal turizmin sosyal politikalar bakımından rol ve işlevleri de incelenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Turizm, sürdürülebilir kalkınma, sosyal politikalar, kırsal turizm, Türkiye
http://www.antjournals.org/index.php/irtadjournal/article/view/352
Öz Turizm sektörü pek çok sektörle yakından ilişki içindedir. Son yıllarda kitle turizmi dışında alternatif turizm alanlarındaki gelişmeler dikkate değer şekilde öne çıkma-ya başlamıştır. Özellikle kırsal alanlarda gerçekleştirilen turizm... more
Öz Turizm sektörü pek çok sektörle yakından ilişki içindedir. Son yıllarda kitle turizmi dışında alternatif turizm alanlarındaki gelişmeler dikkate değer şekilde öne çıkma-ya başlamıştır. Özellikle kırsal alanlarda gerçekleştirilen turizm faaliyeti içerisinde yöresel mutfak, kültürel etkileşim, dinlenmek amaçlı kentten kırsal alanlara yöne-lim farklı alanlarda gelişmelerin kapısını açmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi, zeytin tu-rizmi veya zeytinyağı turizmi olarak adlandırılan turizm faaliyetidir. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye gibi zeytin üretiminin ve tüketim kültürünün yüksek olduğu İspanya, İtalya gibi Akdeniz ülkelerinde zeytin ve zeytinyağı turizmi halen önemli gelir getirici bir alternatif turizm faaliyetidir ve bu durum Türkiye için de büyük bir potansiyeli ifade etmektedir..
1 Bu araştırma 10-13 Mayıs 2018 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilen 2th International Rural Tourism and Development Congress'de sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.
http://www.asosjournal.com/?mod=tammetin&makaleadi=&makaleurl=cce1fcf8-0cc5-4d68-b9b9-adde7d59ce45.pdf&key=36641
1 Bu araştırma 10-13 Mayıs 2018 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilen 2th International Rural Tourism and Development Congress'de sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.
http://www.asosjournal.com/?mod=tammetin&makaleadi=&makaleurl=cce1fcf8-0cc5-4d68-b9b9-adde7d59ce45.pdf&key=36641
A MODEL PROPOSAL FOR CONSERVATION OF ABANDONED RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN TURKEY: CASE STUDY OF ODEMIS-LUBBEY VILLAGE Following the industrial revolution, abandonment and decrease of the population in rural areas are common problems that could... more
A MODEL PROPOSAL FOR CONSERVATION OF ABANDONED RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN TURKEY: CASE STUDY OF ODEMIS-LUBBEY VILLAGE
Following the industrial revolution, abandonment and decrease of the population in rural areas are common problems that could be seen all over the world, as a result of various factors. However, many of these abandoned rural settlements have invaluable vernacular assets that bear the traces of past rural life and comprise the spirit of these cultural landscape areas. The de-populization process leads to neglection, gradually deterioration and finally destruction of traditional environment that has been built with the experiences of centuries. Traditional rural settlements whose vulnerabilities increase day by day, reflect the life, architectural approach, building technology, construction techniques, craftsmanship and landscape features of their period and requires a holistic view for its protection. The loss of human life, which is the main element with nature that comprises the rural settlements, not only causes the loss of cultural heritage but also affects natural life, agricultural landscape and bio-diversity negatively. After abandonment rural landscape started to desertificate in short term and become vulnerable against the natural disasters.
Transfering life, culture and architectural fabric of rural settlements to the future generations is critical for the history of humanity. Although there are several recommendations regarding the management and protection of the rural areas in Turkey and in the World, there is a lack of specialized method for the conservation of cultural and natural heritage of abandoned rural settlements with many location-specific issues. Starting from this findings “Rural Architecture, Policies Developed for Rural Areas In Turkey and Europe, Evolution in the Conservation Theory of Rural Heritage”, “Abandonment Reasons and Process in Rural Settlemens, Impacts of Abandonment” and “Re-Evaluation Possibilities of Rural Settlements” chapters were discussed in detail and a conservation model, which can be used on a global scale, developed for the conservation of abandoned rural settlements. It is believed the conservation model can be used in future scientific studies about the conservation of rural settlements and can be developed by the inter-disciplinary contributions.
While first practices about the conservation of rural architecture, which was emerged as moving rural buildings from authenthic locations to an open-air museum, can been understandable by its time, nowadays it can’t be considered as a conservation approach except extraordinary situations.
It can be observed that, traditional rural life has been gradually weakened in settlements, where intense tourism activities carried out and problems like de-populization or abandonment can’t be seen. Not only in some cases that rural settlements have been re-functioned as a museum but also in some touristic uses, a sustainable life can’t always be ensured, therefore several challenges can be encountered in conservation of cultural properties. Tourism, which is used as a toolin developing the life standards and preventing the population loss in rural areas, sometimes creates an intense demand to a specific region and causes withdrawal of local communities from traditional rural life.
In some cases, rural settlements, which have been evacuated because of conflicts, wars, security problems, etc., have been resettled with their former residents after changes in conditions. Altough resettlements start the life in rural environments again, in some cases conservation of cultural heritage isn’t on the agenda and after the resettlement, residents prefer to build new buildings with new materials instead of repairing their traditional buildings. Another option for resettlement of the abandoned rural settlements can be seen in some examples. In this cases new rural residents coming by counter migration from urban centres to countryside start to live in an abandoned rural settlement. However restart of life in an abandoned village by this type of migration can be considered positive, there are some negative impacts like big interventions in restoration of cultural heritage, completely abandonment of traditional rural life, social disharmony between new and old residents, and etc. It can be said all three of museological, tourism and resettlement approaches for re-evaluation of abandoned rural settlements can be implement together or independently. On the other hand it shouldn’t be overlooked that all this approaches are a tool for conservation and vitality of rural settlements. Fragility of the traditional fabric because of long term neglection after abandonment, cultural landscape values, bio-diversity and intangible values should be taken into consideration in the implementation of this re- use alternatives.
As a result of all the researches, analysis and evaluations, the conservation model has been based on five main parts as “Definition of cultural and natural values and importance of the settlement”, “Determination of the re-evaluation alternatives”, “Determination of conservation policies”, “Implementation” and “Monitoring, evaluation and update”.
As a result of implemented policies and radical changes in social life, nowadays large number of rural settlements in Turkey are in the process of abandonment. Certainly, the biggest problem encountered in conservation of rural heritage is the loss of daily life in rural settlements. Although rural heritage in depopulated settlements have melted against the natural conditions by time, some settlements succeed to preserve their authenticity and integrity to a certain extent. On the other hand in some villages, which are more crowded and close to the city centers, authenticity and integrity values of traditional architectural heritage has been destroyed by human beings as a result of new construction pressures. This situation accompanies a big dilemma about conservation of traditional architectural heritage. Conceptual background about conservation of rural heritage has been developed relatively late in Turkey compared to Europe. Therefore Turkey faces different problems in rural areas then other European countries. It can be said that, successful implementations about conservation of rural heritage and preventing depopulation in rural areas in other countries, can be a model for Turkey. However, these successful policies and implementations should be evaluated in line with Turkey’s specific conditions. Based on this analysis, recommendations and evaluations specified to abandoned rural settlements in Turkey have been carried out in the conclusion part of thesis.
Following the industrial revolution, abandonment and decrease of the population in rural areas are common problems that could be seen all over the world, as a result of various factors. However, many of these abandoned rural settlements have invaluable vernacular assets that bear the traces of past rural life and comprise the spirit of these cultural landscape areas. The de-populization process leads to neglection, gradually deterioration and finally destruction of traditional environment that has been built with the experiences of centuries. Traditional rural settlements whose vulnerabilities increase day by day, reflect the life, architectural approach, building technology, construction techniques, craftsmanship and landscape features of their period and requires a holistic view for its protection. The loss of human life, which is the main element with nature that comprises the rural settlements, not only causes the loss of cultural heritage but also affects natural life, agricultural landscape and bio-diversity negatively. After abandonment rural landscape started to desertificate in short term and become vulnerable against the natural disasters.
Transfering life, culture and architectural fabric of rural settlements to the future generations is critical for the history of humanity. Although there are several recommendations regarding the management and protection of the rural areas in Turkey and in the World, there is a lack of specialized method for the conservation of cultural and natural heritage of abandoned rural settlements with many location-specific issues. Starting from this findings “Rural Architecture, Policies Developed for Rural Areas In Turkey and Europe, Evolution in the Conservation Theory of Rural Heritage”, “Abandonment Reasons and Process in Rural Settlemens, Impacts of Abandonment” and “Re-Evaluation Possibilities of Rural Settlements” chapters were discussed in detail and a conservation model, which can be used on a global scale, developed for the conservation of abandoned rural settlements. It is believed the conservation model can be used in future scientific studies about the conservation of rural settlements and can be developed by the inter-disciplinary contributions.
While first practices about the conservation of rural architecture, which was emerged as moving rural buildings from authenthic locations to an open-air museum, can been understandable by its time, nowadays it can’t be considered as a conservation approach except extraordinary situations.
It can be observed that, traditional rural life has been gradually weakened in settlements, where intense tourism activities carried out and problems like de-populization or abandonment can’t be seen. Not only in some cases that rural settlements have been re-functioned as a museum but also in some touristic uses, a sustainable life can’t always be ensured, therefore several challenges can be encountered in conservation of cultural properties. Tourism, which is used as a toolin developing the life standards and preventing the population loss in rural areas, sometimes creates an intense demand to a specific region and causes withdrawal of local communities from traditional rural life.
In some cases, rural settlements, which have been evacuated because of conflicts, wars, security problems, etc., have been resettled with their former residents after changes in conditions. Altough resettlements start the life in rural environments again, in some cases conservation of cultural heritage isn’t on the agenda and after the resettlement, residents prefer to build new buildings with new materials instead of repairing their traditional buildings. Another option for resettlement of the abandoned rural settlements can be seen in some examples. In this cases new rural residents coming by counter migration from urban centres to countryside start to live in an abandoned rural settlement. However restart of life in an abandoned village by this type of migration can be considered positive, there are some negative impacts like big interventions in restoration of cultural heritage, completely abandonment of traditional rural life, social disharmony between new and old residents, and etc. It can be said all three of museological, tourism and resettlement approaches for re-evaluation of abandoned rural settlements can be implement together or independently. On the other hand it shouldn’t be overlooked that all this approaches are a tool for conservation and vitality of rural settlements. Fragility of the traditional fabric because of long term neglection after abandonment, cultural landscape values, bio-diversity and intangible values should be taken into consideration in the implementation of this re- use alternatives.
As a result of all the researches, analysis and evaluations, the conservation model has been based on five main parts as “Definition of cultural and natural values and importance of the settlement”, “Determination of the re-evaluation alternatives”, “Determination of conservation policies”, “Implementation” and “Monitoring, evaluation and update”.
As a result of implemented policies and radical changes in social life, nowadays large number of rural settlements in Turkey are in the process of abandonment. Certainly, the biggest problem encountered in conservation of rural heritage is the loss of daily life in rural settlements. Although rural heritage in depopulated settlements have melted against the natural conditions by time, some settlements succeed to preserve their authenticity and integrity to a certain extent. On the other hand in some villages, which are more crowded and close to the city centers, authenticity and integrity values of traditional architectural heritage has been destroyed by human beings as a result of new construction pressures. This situation accompanies a big dilemma about conservation of traditional architectural heritage. Conceptual background about conservation of rural heritage has been developed relatively late in Turkey compared to Europe. Therefore Turkey faces different problems in rural areas then other European countries. It can be said that, successful implementations about conservation of rural heritage and preventing depopulation in rural areas in other countries, can be a model for Turkey. However, these successful policies and implementations should be evaluated in line with Turkey’s specific conditions. Based on this analysis, recommendations and evaluations specified to abandoned rural settlements in Turkey have been carried out in the conclusion part of thesis.
‘India lives in its villages.’ Mahatma Gandhi The important assets in rural tourism are village or countryside, in which India is quite rich and diversified. In a country of 74 percent of rural population residing over seven million... more
‘India lives in its villages.’ Mahatma Gandhi
The important assets in rural tourism are village or countryside, in which India is quite rich and diversified. In a country of 74 percent of rural population residing over seven million villages the rural tourism is a fast-growing concept providing ample opportunities in destination development, promotion as well as in employment. Though Government is supporting in promotion of rural tourism worldwide, still the tourist count is less in that aspect compared to other forms of tourism in India. In advertisement and promotion aspect rural tourism in India is lacking somewhere. In the digital era apart from social media marketing and web portal marketing, travel bloggers plays a significant role in promotion of tourism. Bloggers are the self-experienced traveller who briefs in their personal blog which becomes most reliable source for new travellers.
This paper attempts to address the related issues related to travel blogging and rural tourism in India. In this study 30 travel bloggers including micro-blogging (15 Indian and 15 foreign) contents related to rural tourism are analyzed and presented in a logical manner. Textual and image content analysis were used to analyse the contents in to qualitative data. The representation of data were scrutinised to distinguish the bloggers preference. Tourism stakeholders need to give effort in destination branding and improve the image of India as a better and safety tourism destination. Blog marketing can be considered as a productive marketing strategy for rural tourism and other special interest tourism products. Finally the study suggests the practical implication of the findings and suggests the tourism organisations and Government to take some corrective measures in this aspect of blog marketing. Keywords: Traveller blog, Rural tourism, Travel writings, Rural India, Tourism Blog.
The important assets in rural tourism are village or countryside, in which India is quite rich and diversified. In a country of 74 percent of rural population residing over seven million villages the rural tourism is a fast-growing concept providing ample opportunities in destination development, promotion as well as in employment. Though Government is supporting in promotion of rural tourism worldwide, still the tourist count is less in that aspect compared to other forms of tourism in India. In advertisement and promotion aspect rural tourism in India is lacking somewhere. In the digital era apart from social media marketing and web portal marketing, travel bloggers plays a significant role in promotion of tourism. Bloggers are the self-experienced traveller who briefs in their personal blog which becomes most reliable source for new travellers.
This paper attempts to address the related issues related to travel blogging and rural tourism in India. In this study 30 travel bloggers including micro-blogging (15 Indian and 15 foreign) contents related to rural tourism are analyzed and presented in a logical manner. Textual and image content analysis were used to analyse the contents in to qualitative data. The representation of data were scrutinised to distinguish the bloggers preference. Tourism stakeholders need to give effort in destination branding and improve the image of India as a better and safety tourism destination. Blog marketing can be considered as a productive marketing strategy for rural tourism and other special interest tourism products. Finally the study suggests the practical implication of the findings and suggests the tourism organisations and Government to take some corrective measures in this aspect of blog marketing. Keywords: Traveller blog, Rural tourism, Travel writings, Rural India, Tourism Blog.
Resumo: A presente pesquisa buscou levantar os problemas relacionados à geração de resíduos sólidos nas pequenas propriedades rurais turísticas de Tamarana/PR, apontando estratégias para a diminuição dos impactos negativos causados pelos... more
Resumo: A presente pesquisa buscou levantar os problemas relacionados à geração de resíduos sólidos nas pequenas propriedades rurais turísticas de Tamarana/PR, apontando estratégias para a diminuição dos impactos negativos causados pelos resíduos. Dessa forma, foi realizado um levantamento prévio das pequenas propriedades no município que recebem visitantes. Além disso, foi construído um folder a ser distribuído aos visitantes, buscando estimulá-los a realizar a coleta seletiva no local e também foi criada uma cartilha a ser entregue aos pequenos proprietários no intuito de auxiliá-los a realizar o manejo adequado dos resíduos sólidos gerados pelos visitantes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, de finalidade aplicada e abordagem qualitativa. O método dialético foi escolhido para condução do estudo; como instrumentos de coletas de dados, foram adotadas a observação sistemática e as entrevistas estruturadas. Para elaboração dos mapas, foram coletados dados em campo por meio de GPS (Global Positioning System), utilizados os valores da classe de declividades da Empresa Brasileira de Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e os dados do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE), obtidos por meio do software ArcGIS 10.5. Constatou-se que como possibilidades para contorno da situação causada pela geração de resíduos sólidos pelos visitantes estão: extensão da coleta pública às áreas rurais, mesmo que em pontos específicos; abandono do uso da queima dos resíduos sólidos no interior das propriedades; realização da coleta seletiva na propriedade por meio da instalação de lixeiras específicas para resíduos recicláveis, orgânicos e rejeitos; entrega do folder ao visitante com orientações sobre a realização da coleta seletiva na propriedade; aproveitamento de cascas de frutas, verduras e legumes, inclusive para preparação de alimentos que possam ser servidos e/ou vendidos aos visitantes, como doces, geleias e compotas; reutilização de diversos materiais em artesanatos e confecção de objetos de decoração para uso na propriedade.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the problems related to the production of solid waste in small rural tourist properties located in the city of Tamarana-PR, pointing out strategies to reduce the negative impacts caused by waste generation. For this, a previous survey of the small properties that receive visitors was carried out.Was elaborated a folder to be distributed to the visitors to stimulate the implantation of the selective collection in the place and a booklet for the owners to assist in the adequate management of the solid residues generated by the visitors. The research method used was exploratory-descriptive, with an applied and qualitative approach. To conduct the study was chosen the dialectical method and systematic observation, and as instruments of data collection were adopted structured interviews. For maps preparation, were collecting field data by GPS (Global Positioning System), using the values of the declivity class of the Brazilian Agricultural Company (EMBRAPA) and the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) data, obtained through the ArcGIS 10.5 software. The implantation of public collection in the rural areas, avoid to burn solid residues in the properties, realization of the selective collection in the property with installation of specific rubbish dumps recyclable, organic and tailings, folder delivery to visitors, use of fruit peels, vegetables and vegetables in the preparation of foods that can be served or sold to visitors, reuse of materials in handicrafts and the making of decorative objects for use in the property, was verified as possibilities to mitigate the problems caused in the generation of solid waste by the visitors.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the problems related to the production of solid waste in small rural tourist properties located in the city of Tamarana-PR, pointing out strategies to reduce the negative impacts caused by waste generation. For this, a previous survey of the small properties that receive visitors was carried out.Was elaborated a folder to be distributed to the visitors to stimulate the implantation of the selective collection in the place and a booklet for the owners to assist in the adequate management of the solid residues generated by the visitors. The research method used was exploratory-descriptive, with an applied and qualitative approach. To conduct the study was chosen the dialectical method and systematic observation, and as instruments of data collection were adopted structured interviews. For maps preparation, were collecting field data by GPS (Global Positioning System), using the values of the declivity class of the Brazilian Agricultural Company (EMBRAPA) and the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) data, obtained through the ArcGIS 10.5 software. The implantation of public collection in the rural areas, avoid to burn solid residues in the properties, realization of the selective collection in the property with installation of specific rubbish dumps recyclable, organic and tailings, folder delivery to visitors, use of fruit peels, vegetables and vegetables in the preparation of foods that can be served or sold to visitors, reuse of materials in handicrafts and the making of decorative objects for use in the property, was verified as possibilities to mitigate the problems caused in the generation of solid waste by the visitors.
Tourism is an activity which globally develops proportionally with the evolution of progress. The opportunities we enjoy are bigger than ever, but their price should be lowered in order for the global society to develop its wealth. This... more
Tourism is an activity which globally develops proportionally with the evolution of progress. The opportunities we enjoy are bigger than ever, but their price should be lowered in order for the global society to develop its wealth. This can be performed by sustainability, a concept which will join in the future all economic activities, not only tourism. Our analysis is focused on the specific case of the UK, one of the main tourist destinations in the world. It is well known that cultural tourism is the form attracting the highest number of foreign visitors. However, we can see the importance given to rural tourism. The main methods used to perform the present analysis are β and σ convergence. They proved their efficiency in other research studies, which led to a high degree of accuracy of the results. β and σ convergence analysis is performed on a sample of 12 Economic Development Regions from the UK, among which we will determine the degree of convergence and divergence of sustainable rural tourism.
GEOM110 Селски туризъм "Възможности за разнообразяване на туристически продукт за селски туризъм" Семестър: Есен 2018/2019 от: Елена Реукова, фак. номер F93423 GEOM110 Селски туризъм Семестър: Есен 2018/2019 о т : Елена Реукова, фак.... more
GEOM110 Селски туризъм "Възможности за разнообразяване на туристически продукт за селски туризъм" Семестър: Есен 2018/2019 от: Елена Реукова, фак. номер F93423 GEOM110 Селски туризъм Семестър: Есен 2018/2019 о т : Елена Реукова, фак. номер F93423 Разработка на тема "Възможности за разнообразяване на туристически продукт за селски туризъм" изяснете понятието "селски туризъм": Селски туризъм е понятие, което придоби широка популярност в последните години. Свързва се най-общо с почивка в селска среда, на село, във вила или къща за гости сред природата. Селският туризъм се асоциира и с допира до селския живот като атмосфера, начин на хранене и прекарване на свободното време. За много възрастни хора и деца храненето с екологично чисти продукти, произведени на място е рядкост, а кравите, козите и прасетата са познати само от картинки в детските книжки. Хората, ангажирани в този бизнес пък, успяха да съчинят понятието "агрофитнес", което включва физически дейности, свързани с живота на село-цепене на дърва, бране на грозде и билки, хранене и миене на животните, яздене на коне, доене на крава-все неща, които не могат да се правят в никой хотел, пък било то и в планински курорт. 1 Настаняването в селата е обикновено във вили или къщи за гости. Същевременно при анализа на данните във връзка със селския туризъм възникват множество трудности и противоречия, отчитани дори и от авторитетни организации като Световната организация по туризъм и Организацията за икономическо сътрудничество и развитие. В общ план те произтичат на първо място от съществуването на множество дефиниции на понятието "селски туризъм"-в различните държави то се интерпретира по различен начин и обхваща набор от разнообразни икономически и тясно специализирани туристически дейности, осъществявани само в селски райони или въобще в районите извън градските агломерации 2. Като следващ момент се срещат трудности при статистическото отчитане на потребителите на продукта на селския туризъм, които се дължат на факта, че в голямата си част те се приемат за екскурзионисти (с престой в туристическото място по-малък от 24 часа), които не реализират нощувка и в тази връзка не могат да бъдат регистрирани по показателя "нощувки". Също така трябва да се обърне внимание и на големия брой и разнообразието на стопанските структури и неформалните организации, занимаващи се със селски туризъм в Европа въобще, голяма част от които работят извън националните или регионални туристически сдружения. С течение на времето в туристическата практика възникват множество понятия, с които се определя туризма в селските райони-аграрен, фермерски, селски, алтернативен, провинциален, зелен, био-и екотуризъм, и други, които имат различно значение в отделните държави. С цел ясно и всеобщо дефиниране на същността в Европейския съюз се възприема понятието "rural tourism" като обобщаващо съвкупността от туристически дейности, осъществявани в селска среда. Към настоящия момент селският туризъм се възприема като съвкупност от дейности, развивани на село и предлагащи алтернатива на динамичният и напрегнат ритъм на живот в градовете. Той обхваща пътуването и транзитното преминаване през селски местности с автомобил, велосипед, кон, престой в селска къща, както и провеждане на определена научно-изследователска дейност, във
As the name implies, the Tourist Destination Sosok Hill (Jabal Kelor) provided many plants of Moringa leaves that brought several benefits and considerable selling value, only if the community or traders could manage them well. The fact... more
As the name implies, the Tourist Destination Sosok Hill (Jabal Kelor) provided many plants of Moringa leaves that brought several benefits and considerable selling value, only if the community or traders could manage them well. The fact showed that the management of Moringa leaves production into food product had not been conducted optimally. Nowadays, the Moringa leaves were only processed as a complement vegetable dish for Sego Wiwit menu, which was commonly sold, by one of the traders in that location. According to that problem, University of Bina Sarana Informatika (UBSI) Yogyakarta, majoring hotel management study program took the initiative to hold a training or community service to make use Moringa leaves into more valuable products that were chips products. It was seen that the participants'motivation in joining the training of Moringa leaves chips production was significantly high. Thus, it was expected that the training of the Moringa leaves might contribute positively to the participants, by giving benefits to the issues dealing with health and economy condition. Moreover, Moringa leaf was also possible to be made as a meal or typical souvenirs from Jabal Kelor tourist destination. Besides, the participants could also creatively modify the product of Moringa leaf chips with various tasty flavors. At last, the participants expected to get further training on primary food production for edible tubers that were hugely available around the Puncak Sosok tourist area (Jabal Kelor). Pendahuluan Destinasi Wisata Puncak Sosok (Jabal Kelor) yang berada di Desa Bawuran Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata yang sedang berkembang saat ini. Wisata Puncak Sosok (Jabal Kelor) di resmikan pada bulan Desember 2017. Menurut I. Pitana dalam Hermawan (2016), pembangunan dan pengembangan pariwisata secara langsung akan menyentuh dan melibatkan masyarakat, sehingga membawa berbagai dampak terhadap masyarakat setempat, bisa dampak positif maupun negatif. Dalam pengembangan di wisata puncak sosok (jabal kelor) melibatkan masyarakat secara langsung, salah satunya dalam pengelolaan warung makan yang ada di area wisata puncak sosok di kelola oleh masyarakat setempat. Hal tersebut memberikan dampak positif yaitu dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat setempat. Yoeti dalam Suryati dkk (2019) Obyek wisata atau atraksi wisata yang dapat menarik orang untuk berkunjung ke suatu tempat daerah tujuan wisata pada pinsipnya harus memenuhi tiga persyaratan yaitu ada yang dilihat (something to see), ada yang dikerjakan (something to do) dan
Untuk dapat menunjang keberhasilan tujuan desa wisata, kegiatan pemasaran bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan seluruh alat pemasaran yang berupa produk (product), harga (price), lokasi (place) dan promosi (promotion) yang sering disebut... more
Untuk dapat menunjang keberhasilan tujuan desa wisata, kegiatan pemasaran bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan seluruh alat pemasaran yang berupa produk (product), harga (price), lokasi (place) dan promosi (promotion) yang sering disebut bauran pemasaran untuk mendapatkan kepuasan wisatawan sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kemakmuran jangka panjang.Dalam penelitian ini, kuesioner tertutup diberikan kepada wisatawan secara insidental. Dokumentasi dan studi pustaka dilakukan untuk mendukung data yang ada. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel bauran pemasaranberpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan wisatawan baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Dalam penelitian ini variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan adalah promosi.
Tourism, now an acclaimed phenomenon of the globalized nation in general and when a community of local participation is involved in the system, it becomes a magic in particular. Now the problem lies in the fact that how many local... more
Tourism, now an acclaimed phenomenon of the globalized nation in general and when a community of local participation is involved in the system, it becomes a magic in particular. Now the problem lies in the fact that how many local communities are aware of the positive impact of tourism. Yes, when surveyed, it is found that everybody wants to be the part of the system and contribute their level best. But how? To crush the question 'how' the local government agencies have to be sensitized. The current Theme of UNWTO-"Tourism for all" relates to accessibility of tourist to various destinations of their motives. Again, we have to further answer few questions related to the theme especially on the aspect of security and accessibility. When we talk about security and accessibility, it refers to the role of local government and governance providing safe highways, safe accommodation facilities and congenial & friendly attitude of the host community are the few parameters that are to be taken care off. As far as infrastructure facilities are concerned, the government has to take into its priority and the awareness part has to be taken care off by the NGO's and Tourism Educators. Once the local community is aware of the fruits of this tourism system, then the cycle of socioeconomic growth is clicked and we can think of an evolved society / community. Obviously, the security of the tourist should be of immense importance. The comfortability of the visitor by all means should be ensured by the local governance so that free flow of tourists is guaranteed. We have ample examples of this symbiotic tourism across the world and also in our Indian context, we do have success stories. The only effort needed is to promote them. Promotion is the need of the hour to justify the theme of the WTDC-2016
The aim of this study was to analyse rural tourism as a tool for poverty reduction, by examining the role of the regulatory framework, including the public and the private sector; and how the participation in rural tourism activities... more
The aim of this study was to analyse rural tourism as a tool for poverty reduction, by examining the role of the regulatory framework, including the public and the private sector; and how the participation in rural tourism activities shapes people’s livelihood outcomes in San Pedro de Colalao, Argentina. A case study was carried out, which sought to gain an in- depth understanding about people’s livelihoods, through the lens of the sustainable livelihoods framework. Mainly qualitative interviews were therefore conducted with rural dwellers involved in tourism related activities, between November and December 2018. The provincial government proved to take on an important role in increasing people’s human capital to generate employment opportunities, which have led to an additional income and therewith contribute to poverty reduction. However, the sustainability of such is debated, as these seem to be vulnerable to external threats. Additionally, a deficit involvement of the local government in providing infrastructure and protective measures, seems to have led to negative livelihood outcomes, including a restricted access to water and land.
Wisata Halal adalah bagian dari pariwisata yang ditujukan kepada keluarga Muslim yang mematuhi atau sesuai syari’ah Islam. Hotel yang menjadi tujuan menginap biasanya tidak boleh menyajikan alkohol dan memiliki fasilitas spa dan kolam... more
Wisata Halal adalah bagian dari pariwisata yang ditujukan kepada keluarga Muslim yang mematuhi atau sesuai syari’ah Islam. Hotel yang menjadi tujuan menginap biasanya tidak boleh menyajikan alkohol dan memiliki fasilitas spa dan kolam renang yang terpisah untuk pria dan wanita. Malaysia, Turki, Thailand, Jepang dan Korea selatan adalah negara yang mencoba untuk menarik wisatawan Muslim dari seluruh dunia yang menawarkan fasilitas sesuai dengan kepercayaan agama dari wisatawan Muslim. Saat ini, ada ada standar yang diakui secara internasional pada pariwisata Halal.
Тази книга е предназначена както за студенти-бакалаври и студенти-магистри, изучаващи туризъм в различните университети, стопански и географски факултети в страната, така и за преподаватели и експерти по туризъм, туристически организации,... more
Тази книга е предназначена както за студенти-бакалаври и студенти-магистри, изучаващи туризъм в различните университети, стопански и географски факултети в страната, така и за преподаватели и експерти по туризъм, туристически организации, институции и предприемачи в областта на туризма. Заедно с това тя се явява полезно практическо ръководство за местните власти и организациите за управление на туристическите райони в страната. Актуалността на темата се свързва с неразпознаваемостта и неефективното използване на туристическите ресурси в община Ботевград на настоящия етап. Традиционно общината е развита като индустриална, характеризира се с ниска безработица, което наред с историческите предпоставки, обяснява липсата на предприемачески потребности от страна на местното население. Туризмът фигурира във визията на програмни документи и влиза в дневния ред на общината, но практически все още липсват реализирани целенасочени местни политики в сектора. Същевременно устойчивото развитие е заложено в Националната стратегия за развитие на туризма и представлява приоритет на Световната туристическа организация. Това налага адаптиране и прилагане на утвърдени методики за устойчиво развитие на туристическа дестинация. Туризмът в община Ботевград до скоро не е бил актуална тема, но предвид настъпилите промени и възможностите на района за устойчивото му и комплексно развитие, както и перспективите пред общинска администарция за участие в проекти и привличане на инвестиции и външно финансиране, темата става все по-актуална. Още повече, че до момента подобни изследвания не са правени. Всичко това е обект на внимание от страна на общинското ръководство и ще бъде част от визията на общината за развитие в сектор туризъм. Предмет на изследване в книгата са проучването, анализът и оценката на туристическия потенциал (туристически ресурси / атракции, човешки ресурси, материална база, административен капацитет), като подсистеми на териториалната система за отдиха и туризма) ТСОТ и изследване на взаимовръзките между тях. Обект на изследване е туристическият потенциал на община Ботевград в качеството на териториална система за отдих и туризъм. Като туристическа дестинация общината притежава ограничени ресурси за развитие на някои специализирани видове туризъм. Съхранената природа, растителното и животинско разнообразие и защитени зони са основна предпоставка за развитие на екологичен и в частност орнитоложки и ботанически туризъм. Благоприятните форми на релефа и някои неблагоустроени пещери, в съчетание с малки водопади, биха могли да привличат туристи за приключенски и екстремен спорт и туризъм. Историческите и религиозни паметници са основа за комплексно предлагане на културен и религиозен туризъм. Ресурсите на община Ботевград все още не се използват рационално за устойчиво развитие на алтернативни видове туризъм, въпреки кръстопътното разположение на региона и добрата транспортна достъпност със столицата. Общината няма работеща стратегия за развитие на туризма все още, но усилията на местната власт са в тази насока, като за основа е положен научно-изследователски подход. Целта на изследването обхваща анализ и оценка на ресурсния потенциал, както и формулииране на статегически цели и приоритети за устойчиво развитие на туризма в община Ботевград. За постигане на изследователската цел и решаване на основните задачи в книгата е използвана съвкупност от общонаучни и частни методи, съответстващи на интердистциплинарния и хетерогеннен характер на ТСОТ на местно ниво – методи на анализ и синтез, камерален метод (литературен обзор, официални информационни източници и др.), математико-статистически методи (за обработка и анализ на събраната първична и вторична информация), картографски метод (за пространствен анализ на изследваните обекти и явления в пределите на проучваната община), ГИС (за картиране на природния туристически ресурсен потенциал, за разработване на схема за микрорайониране, включиително обосновка на границите и др.), SWOT анализ, социологически методи (за проучване на нагласите, настроенията, мненията на заинтересованите субекти) и др. Основните подходи на изследването са системният, свързан със системния характер на ТСОТ и емпиричният подход, използван за набиране на необходимата по обем и характер първична количествена и качествена информация (ниска степен на проученост на обекта на изследване). Използваните методи на изследване стъпват на дедуктивен подход, тоест изводите се извеждат по логически път от общите положения към частните случаи. Използвани са още подход на проучвания и систематизиране на информация на литературни източници и планови документи; набиране, обработка, систематизиране и интерпретиране на статистически данни и документи; метод на критичния анализ и експертна оценка; метод на сравнителния анализ; анкетен метод и натурно обследване; аналитично-прогнозен метод; научен анализ и синтез, работа с фокус групи; теренно наблюдение. Защитаваната изследователска теза е, че постигането на устойчиво развитие на туристичека дестинация на местно ниво е възможно само при системно използване и прилагане на критериите и показателите за анализ и оценка на туристическия потенциал, ясно дефиниране и следване на стратегическите цели и приоритети за устойчивото развитие на туристическа дестинация. Основните проблеми и ограничения са свързани с липсата на базова информация за туристическите ресурси и обекти на територията на общината, доставчиците на услуги и състоянието на туристическото предлагане.
Özet Turizm etkin olduğu bölgelerde ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel yapıya önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu katkı özellikle turistik mekânda yaşayan yerel halkın sosyal yapısında bazı dönüşümlerin gerçekleşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu... more
Özet Turizm etkin olduğu bölgelerde ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel yapıya önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu katkı özellikle turistik mekânda yaşayan yerel halkın sosyal yapısında bazı dönüşümlerin gerçekleşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu dönüşümlerden birini de emek dönüşümü oluşturmaktadır. Turizmin gelişmesi, özellikle turizm merkezlerinde olmak üzere ülke genelinde bir emek dönüşümü yaratmıştır. Daha önce tarımla geçimlerini sağlamakta olan yerel halkın bir bölümü, turizmin sağladığı gelir ve istihdam nedeniyle kendi tarım arazileri üzerinde (eğer turistik çekiciliğe sahipse) genellikle hane halkının çalıştığı küçük çaplı turistik işletmeler kurmak suretiyle ya da bu arazilerini büyük turizm işletmelerine satmak veya kiralamak yoluyla bu gelişmeden faydalanma yoluna gitmişlerdir. Bir kısmı ise sahip olduğu arazinin turistik olarak değerlendirilmesinin güçlüğü ya da arazinin yeterli büyüklükte olmaması gibi nedenlerden dolayı bölgelerinde kurulan büyük işletmelerde tam zamanlı ya da yarı zamanlı işçiler konumuna dönüşmüşlerdir. Bu kategorideki hane halkının bir kısmı tarımsal faaliyetlerini sürdürürken, özellikle genç olan kesim turizm işçisi olarak çalışmaya başlamıştır. Bununla birlikte turizmdeki hızlı gelişme kırsal yörelerin sosyal ve kül-türel yapısını çeşitli değişikliklere uğratmaktadır. Bu yapısal değişikliklerin olumlu ve olumsuz yansımaları bu araştırmada tartışılmıştır. Bu araştırma ile Muğla'nın Milas ilçesindeki kırsal yörelerdeki halkla yapılan anket çalışmasıyla veriler toplanmış ve istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Abstract Tourism has contributed widely to economic, social and cultural structure in regions where it is effective. This contribution especially leads some transformation in social structure of local people living in touristic place. One of these transformations is labor transformation. Development of tourism has created labor transformation especially in tourism centers in the country. Some people who used to earn their living in agriculture have tended to benefit from this development by setting up small businesses on their land or sell or to rent their land to large tourism enterprises (if the land has touristic value) owing to the revenue generated by tourism and employment. Some people have turned out to be full-time or part-time workers at the large firms established in their regions as it is difficult to use the area as touristic place or the land is inadequate in size. Some of the family members in this category, especially younger ones have began working as tourism workers while the other part of members go on working in agriculture. However, the rapid development of tourism inflicted several changes of social and cultural structure of rural areas. In this research it discussed of the positive and negative implications of these changes. By means of this research, data which is obtained from the questionnaire with people in a rural areas of Milas in Muğla, has been collected and analyzed statistically. GİRİŞ Turizm sanayi devrimi ile birlikte hızla gelişme göste-ren ve bu özelliği ile birlikte kapitalist dünya sistemi içinde gelişen [1] bir sektör olmuştur. Özellikle II. Dünya Sava-şı sonrasında gelişimi ivme kazanmış, teknoloji ve ulaşım imkânlarındaki muazzam gelişme sayesinde de tüm dünyayı kapsayan küresel bir olgu haline gelmiştir. Turizmdeki bu gelişme turist kabul eden ülkelerde ol-dukça önemli dönüşümlerin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Kırsal yöreler turizm nedeniyle, ekonomik, kültürel ve sos-yal alanlarda bir dönüşümle karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. Kırsal bölgelerdeki geleneksel yaşam biçimi, modern yaşam biçimine doğru bir değişim geçirmiştir. Daha önce tarım ve hayvancılıkla geçimini sağlayan kırsal yöre insa-nı, yeni doğan iş olanakları ile birlikte tamamen eski yaşam biçimini terk etmeseler bile yeni oluşumun önemli birer par-çası haline gelmişlerdir. Turizmden elde edilen fayda; kimi zaman sahibi oldukları toprak parçası üzerinde küçük işlet-meler kurmak suretiyle buraları işletmek, kimi zaman da sa-hip oldukları toprakları dışarıdan gelen girişimcilere satmak ya da kiralamak yoluyla bir gelir elde etmek şeklinde ol-muştur. Bununla birlikte özellikle kadınlar ve gençler olmak üzere bazı yöre halkı da çevrede kurulmuş olan işletmelerde tam ya da yarı zamanlı işçi konumuna dönüşmüşlerdir. Sosyolojik olarak bakıldığında turizmin kırsal yaşam alanlarında ciddi bir toplumsal dönüşüm yarattığı söylene-bilir. Toplumsal dönüşümün bir yandan yörenin ekonomik faaliyet alanını etkilediği, diğer yandan yöre insanın kültürel ve sosyal yaşam biçimleri üzerinde bir takım etkilerinin ol-duğu açıktır. Yöreye dışarıdan gelenlerin etkisiyle, kültürel etkileşim ve farklı sosyal yaşam biçimleri ile tanışma şeklin-de yeni tarz yaşam, kırsal yöreleri etkilemiştir. Turizm işlerindeki genel olarak vasıfsız işgücü görünü-mü [2] nedeniyle tarımdan turizm sektörüne yöneliş belli işler bazında kolay bir geçişi sağlamaktadır. Turizm sek-törünün mevsimlik karakteri kırsal yörelerde yaşayanların tarımdan kopmadan birer turizm işçisi olarak da çalışması-na olanak tanımaktadır. Sinclair ve Stabler [3], turizmin ve hizmet endüstrisinin gelişmesiyle birlikte tarımın gayri safi milli hâsıla içindeki payının düştüğünü ifade etmektedirler. Bu araştırmada kırsal yörelerde yaşanan pek çok dö-nüşüm içinden, emek dönüşümünün durumu incelenmiştir.
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